本文關(guān)鍵詞： 春茶 遮蔭栽培 生長(zhǎng) 品質(zhì) 噴霧降溫 數(shù)值模擬 環(huán)境調(diào)節(jié)　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在春茶采摘末期,由于氣溫快速升高,致使作為茶葉加工原料的芽葉的內(nèi)部和外觀品質(zhì)下降,且縮短了茶葉采摘期。為保障茶葉品質(zhì)、延長(zhǎng)春茶采摘期,在采摘末期可采用遮蔭和噴霧等小環(huán)境降溫措施。本論文設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)高架遮陽網(wǎng)與噴霧降溫系統(tǒng),試驗(yàn)對(duì)比分析遮陽網(wǎng)內(nèi)外氣溫、相對(duì)濕度、光照和土溫等環(huán)境因子變化;研究遮蔭對(duì)茶樹新稍、葉片生長(zhǎng)狀況和芽葉品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的影響;仿真和測(cè)試遮蔭時(shí)噴霧降溫效果,從而確定噴頭的合理空間布置;最后提出了茶園遮陽網(wǎng)和噴霧降溫環(huán)境調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)。本研究對(duì)于延長(zhǎng)采摘期從而提高產(chǎn)量,具有重要的生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)意義。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)果如下:(1)高架遮陽網(wǎng)與噴霧降溫系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)高架遮陽網(wǎng)通過鋼絲繩串聯(lián)立柱而成;其長(zhǎng)度48 m,跨度6 m,高度2-2.5 m,立柱間距8 m,可設(shè)置三個(gè)不同遮陽網(wǎng)處理,兩個(gè)2.0 m高遮蔭處理,一個(gè)2.5 m高遮蔭處理;供試茶樹品種為茂綠,五年生;選用兩種遮光率遮陽網(wǎng),分別為40%、60%。噴霧系統(tǒng)是由連接好噴頭的PE管沿中間立柱穿過網(wǎng)架,噴頭可設(shè)置不同高度;其噴霧主機(jī)型號(hào)為:3WZ-860,微霧噴嘴型號(hào)為:TW1510。(2)遮陽網(wǎng)遮蔭對(duì)其內(nèi)外環(huán)境因子的影響根據(jù)不同的遮陽網(wǎng)遮光率、遮蔭高度設(shè)置不同的遮蔭處理,試驗(yàn)測(cè)量其內(nèi)外氣溫、相對(duì)濕度環(huán)境因子的動(dòng)態(tài)變化并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。設(shè)置的3個(gè)遮蔭處理分別為:60%遮光率+2 m遮蔭高度(T1)、40%遮光率+2 m遮蔭高度(T2)、40%遮光率+2.5 m遮蔭高度(T3),并以露天栽培為對(duì)照處理(CK);試驗(yàn)期(4月底至5月底的一個(gè)月)分為前、中、后期,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與常規(guī)采摘期(4月初至4月底)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明:在整個(gè)試驗(yàn)期,遮蔭各處理的冠層處日最高氣溫與CK相比,平均低2.17℃,且遮光率越高,與CK的差值越大;遮蔭各處理的近地面白晝平均溫度顯著低于CK,平均低3.56℃,且遮光率越高,差異越顯著;遮蔭各處理的土壤10 cm深處日平均溫度顯著低于CK,平均低1.19℃,且遮光率越高,差異越顯著;遮蔭增加了遮陽網(wǎng)下茶樹冠層處空氣的平均相對(duì)濕度,遮光率越高,相對(duì)濕度越大,其中T1處理最大可增加7.03%;T1、T2和T3處理的葉片最大溫度比CK分別低2.13℃、1.28℃和0.94℃。對(duì)比T2和T3處理,相同遮光率、不同遮蔭高度對(duì)環(huán)境因子的影響差異不大。(3)遮蔭對(duì)茶樹生長(zhǎng)和芽葉品質(zhì)的影響試驗(yàn)處理如(2)所示,試驗(yàn)測(cè)量各處理遮陽網(wǎng)內(nèi)外茶樹新稍和芽葉生長(zhǎng)狀況,葉片光合作用,及茶芽葉品質(zhì)等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:遮蔭后,茶樹新稍長(zhǎng)度、粗度均增加,以T1處理的增幅最大,分別為22.3%、13.5%;新稍葉片的葉綠素相對(duì)含量和芽葉含水率隨著遮光率增大而增高;與CK相比,T1處理的新稍葉片凈光合速率比對(duì)照提高了8.49%,T2和T3處理則顯著變小;T3處理可以增加茶葉水浸出物、茶多酚和酚氨比,降低氨基酸含量,導(dǎo)致茶葉更濃厚,但苦澀味增加。而T1處理會(huì)增加咖啡堿含量,降低水浸出物含量,并能在前期降低酚氨比,使茶葉稍清淡,但鮮爽度提高、苦澀味減少。(4)噴霧降溫對(duì)茶樹冠層氣溫和濕度的影響根據(jù)不同遮光率,設(shè)置了2個(gè)噴霧處理,以露天環(huán)境為對(duì)照;并對(duì)比了不同噴頭高度(1.2 m和1.5 m)的影響;試驗(yàn)測(cè)試噴霧降溫對(duì)茶樹冠層處的降溫效果。數(shù)值模擬了不同噴頭高度(1.2 m和1.5 m)和不同噴頭間距(1 m和1.5 m)4種情況下,春茶采摘末期工況的降溫效果,確定合理的噴頭空間布置方式。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:遮陽網(wǎng)下進(jìn)行噴霧降溫可降低茶園冠層氣溫2.6℃-6.8℃;噴霧高度1.2 m時(shí),對(duì)冠層氣溫的降溫效果更明顯,但濕度也會(huì)明顯增加。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明:四種噴頭空間布置模擬,噴頭高度1.2 m(距冠層0.3 m),噴頭間距1.5 m時(shí),降溫效果較好,相對(duì)濕度增加相對(duì)較小;噴霧使用方法宜采用噴60 s,休30 s的辦法,可防止相對(duì)濕度增加過大。(5)延長(zhǎng)春茶采摘期的環(huán)境調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)60%遮光率的遮陽網(wǎng)遮蔭栽培可更好的改善茶園環(huán)境,更有利于茶樹的生長(zhǎng),其前期的咖啡堿含量較高且酚氨比更接近常規(guī)春茶期水平,中期的氨基酸含量下降明顯;故茶園采用其栽培方式,預(yù)計(jì)可延長(zhǎng)春茶采摘期7d左右。遮陽網(wǎng)下采取噴霧降溫的方法,對(duì)茶樹冠層具有較好的降溫效果,有利于進(jìn)一步延長(zhǎng)春茶采摘期。
[Abstract]:Picking in the late spring, as the temperature rises rapidly, resulting in the decline of tea processing of raw materials as leaf internal and appearance quality, and shorten the tea picking period. To guarantee the quality of tea, prolong the spring harvest period, the end can be used in picking shading and spraying small environment temperature reduction measures. This paper designed and developed with the elevated net spray cooling system, test the temperature inside and outside shading, relative humidity, illumination changes and environmental factors such as soil temperature; study of shading on new tea slightly, effects of leaf growth status and leaf quality index; simulation and test of shading spray cooling effect, so as to determine the reasonable space layout of sprinkler; finally, shading and tea spray cooling technology environmental control. This research is to extend the picking period to improve the yield and production has important significance. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) high Net frame and spray cooling system design through the wire rope net elevated column and the length of the series; 48 m, 6 m 2-2.5 m span, height, column spacing of 8 m, can be set to three different shading treatment, two of 2 m high shading treatment, a 2.5 m high shading treatment; tested tea varieties luxuriant green, five years old; with two shading rate were 40%, 60%. net, spray system is composed of connecting nozzle of PE pipe along the middle column through the grid, you can set different nozzle height; the spray host model: 3WZ-860, micro fog nozzle type: TW1510. (2) effects of shading net on the inside and outside environmental factors under different shading rate, shade height setting different shading, measuring the relative humidity inside and outside temperature, dynamic changes of environmental factors were analyzed. 3 shade settings respectively: 60% shading rate +2 m shade 楂樺害(T1),40%閬厜鐜，

本文編號(hào)：1452199