本文關(guān)鍵詞：秸稈深埋還田開溝滅茬機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 秸稈深還 開溝 滅茬 優(yōu)化設(shè)計 田間試驗 作業(yè)效率

【摘要】：秸稈深埋還田是農(nóng)作物秸稈資源綜合利用的有效方式,是減少污染、培肥地力的重要手段。秸稈深埋還田的開溝作業(yè)是秸稈深埋還田機(jī)械化作業(yè)的主要環(huán)節(jié),現(xiàn)階段秸稈深埋還田的開溝機(jī)械在開溝時沒有進(jìn)行滅茬作業(yè),在土壤中根茬的作用下,開溝時往往掀起較大垡塊,影響秸稈深埋還田的效果。所以秸稈深還后需要對根茬和土垡進(jìn)行二次粉碎,增加了作業(yè)次數(shù)及作業(yè)成本。論文結(jié)合吉林省榆樹市通過運(yùn)用秸稈深埋還田機(jī)械進(jìn)行的秸稈深埋還田試驗,針對現(xiàn)有開溝機(jī)的缺點(diǎn),研制了一種能夠應(yīng)用于大田秸稈深埋還田作業(yè)并將開溝和滅茬功能集于一體的開溝滅茬機(jī),該機(jī)能在秸稈深埋還田作業(yè)模式中完成開溝工序的同時進(jìn)行滅茬碎土作業(yè)。并對該機(jī)器進(jìn)行了田間性能試驗,確定了秸稈深埋還田開溝滅茬機(jī)最優(yōu)的設(shè)計參數(shù)。(1)確定了秸稈深埋還田開溝滅茬機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案。介紹了整機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,并對機(jī)具的關(guān)鍵零部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計,在關(guān)鍵零部件的設(shè)計中,主要設(shè)計了導(dǎo)向裝置、滅茬碎土裝置和開溝裝置,并對機(jī)具配套動力進(jìn)行了選擇。(2)利用Solidworks軟件和ANSYS軟件分別對秸稈深埋還田開溝滅茬機(jī)進(jìn)行模型的建立組裝和仿真分析。在建模設(shè)計,可以檢查機(jī)器的配合,使機(jī)器的結(jié)構(gòu)更加合理,避免了機(jī)器研制過程中可能造成的不必要的浪費(fèi)。通過仿真分析可以檢驗機(jī)器的合理性,得出關(guān)鍵部件易損耗部位,及在使用過程中應(yīng)注意可能造成機(jī)械故障的部分,方便用戶使用。(3)對樣機(jī)在田間進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化試驗,作業(yè)質(zhì)量滿足農(nóng)藝要求。試驗設(shè)計了導(dǎo)向鏟入土深度、滅茬部件轉(zhuǎn)速、滅茬部件入土深度對機(jī)器阻力和滅茬碎土率的影響,結(jié)果表明三個因素對機(jī)器作業(yè)阻力影響的主次順序為導(dǎo)向鏟入土深度、滅茬部件入土深度、滅茬部件轉(zhuǎn)速。三個因素對滅茬碎土率影響的主次順序為滅茬部件轉(zhuǎn)速、滅茬部件入土深度、導(dǎo)向鏟入土深度。最后得出導(dǎo)向鏟入土深度為100 mm、滅茬部件轉(zhuǎn)速340 r/min、滅茬部件入土深度為60 mm時,機(jī)器的滅茬碎土率可以到達(dá)96.3%以上,該樣機(jī)具有很好的碎土效果并能保證開溝質(zhì)量。壟深的穩(wěn)定性、溝底和溝面寬度穩(wěn)定性和溝型的平整度都符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的玉米種植壟形指標(biāo),為以后機(jī)器的改進(jìn)提供了參考。(4)對秸稈深埋還田開溝滅茬機(jī)的作業(yè)時間利用率、作業(yè)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析進(jìn)行了調(diào)查測量分析,對調(diào)查測量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,得出機(jī)組的作業(yè)時間利用率為73.7%,作業(yè)效率為5.926 hm2/h、總作業(yè)效率4.136 hm2/h和單位功率作業(yè)效率0.0672 hm2/(h-kW),可以滿足作業(yè)要求。最后提出了提高機(jī)械作業(yè)效率的建議。
[Abstract]:Returning straw to field is an effective way of comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources and an important means to reduce pollution and increase soil fertility. At this stage, the furrow opening machine with deep straw burying and returning to the field did not carry out stubble cutting operation. Under the action of the stubble in the soil, the furrow block was often raised when the furrow was opened. The effect of deep burying straw back to the field. So after the straw deep need to root stubble and soil furrow secondary comminution. The paper combined with Yushu City Jilin Province through the use of straw deep burying machinery to return straw deep back to the field test aiming at the shortcomings of the existing trench opener. A furrow stubble cutting machine which can be applied to the deep burying of straw in the field and which integrates the functions of furrow opening and stubble cutting is developed. The machine can finish the operation of furrow opening in the operation mode of straw deep burying and returning to the field, and at the same time, it can carry out stubble and soil crushing operation, and the field performance test of this machine has been carried out. The optimum design parameters of the stubble machine for deep burying and returning to the field were determined. (1) the overall structure design scheme of the stubble machine was determined. The structure and working principle of the machine were introduced. In the design of the key parts, the guiding device, the stubble crushing device and the ditch opening device are mainly designed. The matching power of machine and tools is selected. Solidworks software and ANSYS software were used to build and assemble the model and simulate the stubble machine. The cooperation of the machine can be checked, the structure of the machine is more reasonable, and the unnecessary waste may be avoided in the process of machine development. The rationality of the machine can be checked by simulation analysis. The key parts are easy to wear out and the parts that may cause mechanical failure should be paid attention to in the process of use, which is convenient for the user to use.) the prototype is optimized in the field. The working quality meets the agronomic requirements. The effects of the depth of the guide shovel, the rotation speed of the stubble parts and the depth of the stubble parts on the machine resistance and the rate of stubble breaking soil were designed. The results show that the main and secondary order of the influence of the three factors on the resistance of the machine is the depth of the shovel and the soil depth of the stubble parts. Rotation speed of stubble parts. The main and secondary order of the influence of three factors on the rate of stubble broken soil is the rotation speed of stubble parts, the depth of soil penetration of stubble parts, and the depth of penetration of guided shovel. Finally, the depth of soil penetration of guided shovel is 100 mm. When the rotation speed of stubble parts is 340r / min and the depth of stubble parts is 60mm, the rate of stubble breaking can reach more than 96.3%. The prototype has good soil breaking effect and can guarantee the quality of furrow, the stability of furrow depth, the stability of furrow bottom and furrow surface width and the flatness of furrow type, all of which accord with the corn planting ridge shape index stipulated by the national standard. This paper provides a reference for the improvement of the machine in the future) and makes an investigation, measurement and analysis on the utilization ratio of working time, operation efficiency and economic analysis of the stubble opener for the deep burying of straw into the field. By analyzing and processing the survey data, it is concluded that the operating time utilization ratio of the unit is 73.7 and the operating efficiency is 5.926 hm2/h. The total operating efficiency of 4.136 hm2/h and the unit power efficiency of 0.0672 hm2 / 2 / h ~ (h-kWN) can meet the operational requirements. Finally, some suggestions for improving the efficiency of mechanical operation are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.29

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