本文關(guān)鍵詞：納米硅肥對(duì)水稻抗早衰和增產(chǎn)作用研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水稻 MATLAB 電鏡圖 衰老 納米硅 產(chǎn)量

【摘要】：硅作為植物生長所需的有益元素,對(duì)眾多作物尤其是水稻生長過程中抗逆境脅迫及提高產(chǎn)量有重要作用。但目前國內(nèi)對(duì)于硅肥的研究較少,施用并未得到太多重視。納米二氧化硅作為一種新型硅素肥料,其應(yīng)用更是很少報(bào)道。因此,本文以水稻為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,通過施用納米二氧化硅,來研究納米硅對(duì)水稻結(jié)構(gòu)抗性和生理抗性的影響,以及硅肥對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量提升的作用效果。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在不同硅肥(硅酸鹽和納米硅)和不同施肥方式(葉施和根施)的試驗(yàn)條件下,施硅處理均顯著提高單位面積內(nèi)乳突的面積和硅化細(xì)胞數(shù)量,而對(duì)硅化細(xì)胞的大小并沒有顯著影響。其中根施納米硅肥對(duì)水稻葉片表面硅質(zhì)化效果最為明顯,其對(duì)乳突和硅化細(xì)胞的作用均達(dá)到極顯著水平。(2)水稻離體葉片在衰老過程中,施用納米硅肥和經(jīng)過納米硅處理均對(duì)葉片中MDA含量和SOD、CAT的活性產(chǎn)生重要影響。經(jīng)過硅處理的試驗(yàn)組中,MDA含量在離體的不同時(shí)期有不同程度的增加,SOD和CAT活性也在不同時(shí)期存在不同程度的增強(qiáng)。說明硅能增強(qiáng)水稻葉片在衰老條件下的抵抗能力,對(duì)于水稻抗衰老有重要作用。(3)在不同試驗(yàn)條件下均發(fā)現(xiàn),施用硅肥后對(duì)于水稻產(chǎn)量的增加具有促進(jìn)作用。在水稻整個(gè)生育期施硅對(duì)于水稻增產(chǎn)效果最明顯,而在水稻生育后期補(bǔ)施硅肥可直接增強(qiáng)葉片中葉綠素含量,從而增強(qiáng)光合作用,并促進(jìn)稻zB對(duì)硅的吸收。同時(shí),試驗(yàn)也表明硅肥并不能完全替代農(nóng)藥發(fā)揮防治病害的功能。綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果證明納米硅肥不僅能提高水稻葉片表面結(jié)構(gòu)硅質(zhì)化效果,而且在葉片衰老過程中還能調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)多向生理機(jī)能來增強(qiáng)抗衰老的能力,同時(shí)還能在一定程度上提高水稻產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:Silicon, as a beneficial element for plant growth, plays an important role in resistance to stress and increasing yield of many crops, especially rice. However, there is little research on silicon fertilizer in China. Application of nano-silica as a new type of silicon fertilizer, its application is rarely reported. Therefore, this paper takes rice as the experimental object, through the application of nano-silica. To study the effects of nano-silicon on the structural and physiological resistance of rice. The main results are as follows: 1) under different conditions of silicon fertilizer (silicate and nano-silicon) and different fertilization methods (leaf application and root application). Application of silicon significantly increased the area of mastoid and the number of silicated cells in unit area, but had no significant effect on the size of silicated cells, among which the effect of root application of nano-silicon fertilizer on the silicification of rice leaves was the most obvious. Its effect on mastoid and silicide cells reached a very significant level. 2) during senescence of rice leaves in vitro, the content of MDA and SOD in leaves were both affected by the application of nano-silicon fertilizer and the treatment of nano-silicon. The activity of CAT in the experimental group treated with silicon increased in different degrees at different periods in vitro. The activities of SOD and CAT also increased in different stages, indicating that silicon could enhance the resistance of rice leaves under the condition of senescence. It has an important effect on rice senescence resistance. 3) it was found under different experimental conditions. The application of silicon fertilizer can promote the increase of rice yield. The effect of silicon application on rice yield is the most obvious during the whole growth period of rice, but the supplementation of silicon fertilizer can directly increase the chlorophyll content of leaves in the later stage of rice growth. In order to enhance photosynthesis, and promote the absorption of rice ZB to silicon. At the same time, the experiment also shows that silicon fertilizer can not completely replace pesticides to play the role of disease control. The results show that nano-silicon fertilizer can not only improve the silicification effect of rice leaf surface structure, but also regulate the multi-directional physiological function in the process of leaf senescence to enhance the ability of anti-senescence. At the same time, it can also improve the yield of rice to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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