本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同辣椒品種對(duì)西花薊馬的抗性研究　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 西花薊馬 種群動(dòng)態(tài) 防御效應(yīng) 抗性

【摘要】：西花薊馬(Frankliniella occidentalis)是茄科、葫蘆科、豆科、十字花科等蔬菜的主要害蟲(chóng)之一,分布廣泛。目前對(duì)西花薊馬的防治主要依靠化學(xué)農(nóng)藥,不僅污染環(huán)境,成本高,而且還會(huì)造成化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的殘留、蟲(chóng)體抗藥性增強(qiáng)等不良現(xiàn)象,因此篩選和培育抗蟲(chóng)品種是針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題最積極有效的方法。本試驗(yàn)選取寧夏本地廣泛種植的5個(gè)辣椒品種:洋大帥、嬌龍、74-82、太空辣、杭椒五號(hào)為研究對(duì)象,以溫室大棚優(yōu)勢(shì)害蟲(chóng)之一西花薊馬為刺激因子,研究西花薊馬對(duì)辣椒品種的選擇性,及西花薊馬為害前后,辣椒品種生化物質(zhì)含量變化,以期探明不同辣椒品種對(duì)西花薊馬的抗性機(jī)理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.西花薊馬在5個(gè)辣椒品種上的種群動(dòng)態(tài)呈單峰狀,在緩慢增長(zhǎng)期及快速增長(zhǎng)期,杭椒五號(hào)品種上薊馬數(shù)量都高于其它品種,74-82品種上西花薊馬種群數(shù)量則始終最低。通過(guò)對(duì)辣椒品種的抗性鑒定表明,杭椒五號(hào)、洋大帥為高感品種,太空辣為感蟲(chóng)品種,嬌龍為抗蟲(chóng)品種,74-82為高抗品種。西花薊馬在五個(gè)品種上的存活曲線類(lèi)型不同,在杭椒五號(hào)上的存活曲線偏向A型;在洋大帥、太空辣品種上偏向B型;在嬌龍、74-82品種上則偏向于C型。通過(guò)種群參數(shù)分析表明西花薊馬比較喜好取食洋大帥、太空辣、杭椒五號(hào)3個(gè)品種,嬌龍和74-82品種則不利于西花薊馬的生長(zhǎng)繁殖。2.不同辣椒品種對(duì)西花薊馬的物理防御效應(yīng)研究表明,葉片蠟質(zhì)含量、西花薊馬對(duì)顏色選擇性、揮發(fā)物選擇性及葉綠素含量與辣椒抗性相關(guān),可作為辣椒抗性的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以蠟質(zhì)含量評(píng)價(jià)抗性強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)?74-82嬌龍?zhí)绽毖蟠髱浐冀肺逄?hào);以顏色選擇性為評(píng)價(jià):太空辣嬌龍74-82洋大帥杭椒五號(hào);以揮發(fā)物選擇性評(píng)價(jià):嬌龍=74-82太空辣洋大帥杭椒五號(hào)。3.不同辣椒品種對(duì)西花薊馬營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和次生代謝物質(zhì)防御效應(yīng)的研究表明,可溶性糖、單寧、總酚含量與辣椒抗性相關(guān)。在整個(gè)為害過(guò)程中74-82、嬌龍品種單寧和總酚含量明顯高于杭椒五號(hào)品種,各品種單寧含量隨為害時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),總酚含量則呈下降趨勢(shì)。4.辣椒品種對(duì)西花薊馬的酶學(xué)防御效應(yīng)研究表明,西花薊馬為害對(duì)SOD、POD、PPO三種保護(hù)酶活性有一定的誘導(dǎo)作用,可以作為辣椒品種抗性鑒定的指標(biāo)。嬌龍、74-82品種酶活明顯高于其它品種,這種趨勢(shì)在POD、PPO兩種保護(hù)酶中體現(xiàn)的更明顯。
[Abstract]:Frankliniella occidentalis is one of the main pests of Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and so on. At present, the control of thrips mainly depends on chemical pesticides, which not only pollute the environment, but also cause chemical pesticide residues and insect resistance. Therefore, screening and breeding of insect-resistant varieties is the most active and effective method to solve these problems. In this experiment, five pepper varieties widely planted in Ningxia were selected: Marshal Yang, Jiao long Li 74-82, Spaghetti. Hangzhou Jiao No. 5 was used as the stimulus factor to study the selectivity of western flower thrips to pepper varieties and the changes of biochemical substances content before and after the damage of western flower thrips. The main results are as follows: 1. The population dynamics of western flower thrips in 5 pepper varieties were single peak, slow growth period and rapid growth stage. The number of thrips in Hangzhou pepper 5 was higher than that in other cultivars, and the number of thrips in western flower was always the lowest. The identification of resistance to pepper showed that Hangjiao 5 and Yangdanshuai were highly susceptible varieties. Space pepper is susceptible to insects and Jiao long is resistant to insect. The survival curve of thrips sibiricum is different in five varieties, and the survival curve on Hangzhou pepper 5 is inclined to type A. In Marshal Yang, space hot varieties in favor of B type; The analysis of population parameters showed that the western flower thrips preferred to eat three varieties, such as Yangshou, space hot and Hangzhou pepper 5. Jiao long and 74-82 varieties were not conducive to the growth and reproduction of western thrips. 2. The physical defense effects of different pepper varieties on western flower thrips showed that the content of wax in leaves and the color selectivity of western flower thrips. Volatile selectivity and chlorophyll content were related to pepper resistance and could be used as the evaluation criteria of pepper resistance. The order of resistance evaluation with wax content was: 1 74-82 Jiao long space hot field marshal Hangzhou pepper 5; Color selectivity evaluation: space hot Jiao long 74-82 Yang Shuai Hangzhou pepper 5; The selective evaluation of volatile matter: Jielongzao 74-82 Spacer Spandel Hangjiao No. 3. The defense effects of different pepper varieties on nutrition and secondary metabolites of thrips sibiricum showed that soluble sugar. Tannin, total phenol content and pepper resistance. In the whole process of damage 74-82, Jiao long variety tannin and total phenol content was significantly higher than Hangzhou pepper No. 5 variety, the content of tannin in each variety with the extension of damage time. The content of total phenol increased first and then decreased. 4. The enzymatic defense effect of pepper varieties on western flower thrips showed that western flower thrips were harmful to SOD POD. The activity of the three protective enzymes of PPO can be used as an index to identify the resistance of capsicum varieties. The enzyme activity of Jiao long Teng 74-82 is obviously higher than that of other varieties, and this trend is in POD. The two protective enzymes of PPO were more obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S436.418.2

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