本文關(guān)鍵詞：荒漠綠洲膜下滴灌調(diào)虧馬鈴薯水生產(chǎn)力研究　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 馬鈴薯 調(diào)虧灌溉 膜下滴灌 產(chǎn)量 水分利用 土壤養(yǎng)分 河西綠洲

【摘要】：于2016年4月至9月在甘肅省張掖市民樂縣洪水河管理處益民灌溉試驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行了膜下滴灌調(diào)虧馬鈴薯大田試驗(yàn),研究分析了不同生育階段水分調(diào)虧程度對馬鈴薯各生育時(shí)期生長動態(tài)、耗水特征、作物產(chǎn)量、水分利用狀況、塊莖淀粉含量、土壤養(yǎng)分利用狀況及土壤溫度變化等的影響。試驗(yàn)共設(shè)8個水分調(diào)虧處理(WD1-WD8)和1個充分灌水對照CK:分別為幼苗期輕度(55%~65%田間持水量,FC,Field Capacity)水分調(diào)虧處理WD6、幼苗期中度(45%~55%FC)水分調(diào)虧處理WD7、塊莖形成期輕度水分調(diào)虧處理WD1、塊莖形成期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD4、塊莖膨大期輕度水分調(diào)虧處理WD2、塊莖膨大期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD5、淀粉積累期輕度水分調(diào)虧處理WD3、淀粉積累期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD8和全生育期充分(65%~75%FC)灌溉對照處理CK。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)膜下滴灌馬鈴薯水生產(chǎn)力受水分調(diào)虧影響顯著。塊莖膨大期水分調(diào)虧馬鈴薯薯塊產(chǎn)量、生物量和收獲指數(shù)均顯著(P0.05)低于其他水處理及對照CK;塊莖形成期輕度水分調(diào)虧處理WD1馬鈴薯水生產(chǎn)力較高,其薯塊產(chǎn)量、生物量和收獲指數(shù)均較塊莖膨大期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD5顯著提高70.82%、20.65%和52.38%。(2)塊莖形成期輕度水分調(diào)虧處理WD1有助于提高馬鈴薯作物水分利用效率(WUE)及灌溉水利用效率(IWUE),WD1較對照CK分別提高29.04%、35.61%;全生育期充分灌水CK對照處理雖產(chǎn)量較高,但水分利用效率顯著降低(P0.05);同時(shí)塊莖形成期輕度水分虧缺處理也有利于改善馬鈴薯塊莖淀粉含量、薯塊干物質(zhì)率等日常生產(chǎn)、食用價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等。各處理及對照間薯塊干物質(zhì)率差異不顯著;WD1較對照CK塊莖淀粉含量顯著提高49.18%,較同期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD4提高6.26%。(3)膜下滴灌調(diào)虧馬鈴薯全生育期充分灌水對照CK耗水強(qiáng)度和耗水模數(shù)均保持較高水平且總耗水量最高,顯著高于其他處理13.15%-43.84%。塊莖形成期中度水分調(diào)虧處理WD4全生育期總耗水量最少較對照CK降低34.48%;馬鈴薯各生育階耗水模數(shù)、耗水強(qiáng)度則隨水分調(diào)虧程度增加而顯著減少(P0.05)。馬鈴薯塊莖膨大期為需水最關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,對水分調(diào)虧敏感程度也最高,塊莖膨大期水分調(diào)虧將會導(dǎo)致馬鈴薯薯塊產(chǎn)量及淀粉含量等指標(biāo)嚴(yán)重降低;馬鈴薯塊莖形成期水分敏感程度次之,幼苗期和淀粉積累期對水分虧缺敏感程度較小。(4)僅在幼苗期馬鈴薯植株高度與主莖莖粗受土壤水分調(diào)虧影響較大,調(diào)虧程度越高其受水分影響愈顯著(P0.05),然而其他生育時(shí)期株高與主莖莖粗受水分虧缺影響均不顯著(P0.05)。膜下滴灌調(diào)虧灌溉馬鈴薯全生育期葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)與光合勢(LAD)的變化趨勢及方向基本一致,均為生育前期植株矮小緩慢增長,中期植株生長旺盛快速上升,生育后期增速減緩、停止或略有下降趨勢。因此,在馬鈴薯生長發(fā)育關(guān)鍵階段,保持土壤水分滿足作物正常需水要求對提升作物葉面積指數(shù)和光合勢具有顯著效果。因此,采用膜下滴灌調(diào)虧灌溉可使馬鈴薯根區(qū)土壤始終保持濕潤狀態(tài),減少深層滲漏損失和株間土壤水分無效蒸發(fā)損失;塊莖形成期水分調(diào)虧可進(jìn)一步提高作物水分利用效率(WUE)、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)和薯塊淀粉含量等,達(dá)到了節(jié)水且不降低馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:From April 2016 to September in Minle County, Zhangye city of Gansu province river flood management department Yimin irrigation experimental station of RDI potato field experiment under drip irrigation, research and analysis of the different growth stages of water deficit degree dynamic growth on potato growth period, water consumption characteristics, crop yield, water utilization, tuber starch content, influence the application of soil nutrient status and soil temperature change. The test consists of 8 water deficit treatment (WD1-WD8) and 1 full irrigation control CK: were mild in seedling stage (55%~65% of field capacity, FC, Field, Capacity) WD6 water deficit treatment at seedling stage (45%~55%FC), moderate water deficit treatment WD7 tuber formation period of mild water deficit treatment WD1, tuber formation moderate water deficit treatment WD4 tuber expansionperiod mild water deficit treatment WD2, tuber growth moderate water deficit treatment WD5, starch accumulation stage light The degree of water deficit treatment WD3, starch accumulation period moderate water deficit treatment WD8 and the whole growth period of full irrigation treatment (65%~75%FC) control CK. research results show that: (1) under umdi water productivity by water deficit significantly. The deficit of potato tuber yield water tuber expanding stage, biomass and harvest index (P0.05) were significantly lower than other water treatment and control of tuber CK; mild water deficit treatment WD1 potato water productivity is higher, the tuber yield, biomass and harvest index were relatively moderate tuber growth water deficit treatment WD5 increased 70.82%, 20.65% and 52.38%. (2) tuber mild water transfer a WD1 helps to improve the utilization efficiency of potato crop water (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), WD1 in patients with CK were increased by 29.04%, 35.61%; the whole growth period of CK full irrigation treatment is as high yield, but the water Use efficiency decreased significantly (P0.05); at the same time, the tuber formation stage mild water deficit treatment, but also conducive to the improvement of starch content of potato tuber, tuber dry matter rate of daily production, edible value and economic benefit. The treatment and control of potato tuber dry matter rate difference was not significant; WD1 increased 49.18% compared with the control of starch content CK tubers, compared with the same period of moderate water deficit treatment increased WD4 6.26%. (3) deficit in the growth period of potato full irrigation control CK intensity of water consumption and water consumption modulus was maintained in high level and the highest water consumption of drip irrigation, significantly higher than other treatments 13.15%-43.84%. tuber moderate water deficit in the whole growth period of total WD4 the water consumption of at least 34.48% lower than CK; the growth of potato order water consumption coefficient, water consumption intensity with water deficit increased significantly (P0.05). The potato tuber expansion period for the water The key period of water deficit sensitivity is the highest, the water deficit will lead to the tuber growth index of potato tuber yield and starch content of potato tuber decreased seriously; the moisture sensitivity of seedling stage and starch accumulation period is more sensitive to water deficit is smaller. (4) only in the seedling stage of potato plants the height and stem diameter under soil water deficit affected, the higher the degree of deficit more significantly affected by soil water (P0.05), but the other growth stages of plant height and stem diameter were not significantly influenced by water deficit (P0.05) deficit irrigation. Leaf area index of the growth period of potato under drip irrigation (LAI) and photosynthetic potential (LAD) and the trend of the basic direction, are the early growth of dwarf plants grow slowly, mid vigorous plant growth increased rapidly at late growth stage of growth slowed, stopped or slightly downward trend. Therefore, in potato The key stage of growth and development of potato, maintain soil moisture to meet crop water requirement of normal increase in crop leaf area index and photosynthetic potential had significant effect. Therefore, using drip irrigation RDI can make soil potato root zone always kept moist state, reduce leakage and deep penetration of strains between soil moisture evaporation loss; tuber formation during the period of water deficit can further increase crop water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and the tuber starch content, thereby saving the water without decreasing the yield of potato.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S532

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