發(fā)布時間：2018-01-02 00:26

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：河北省北柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 柴胡 含量測定 柴胡皂苷 生態(tài)適宜性 區(qū)劃

【摘要】：2015版《中國藥典》收載柴胡為傘形科植物柴胡Bupleurum chinense DC.或狹葉柴胡Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.的干燥根,按其性狀不同,藥材分別習(xí)稱“北柴胡”和“南柴胡”,具有解表和里、疏肝解郁、升舉陽氣等功效[1],現(xiàn)代藥理研究表明,其主要有效成分有柴胡皂苷類、揮發(fā)油等,柴胡皂苷作為柴胡質(zhì)量檢驗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì),具鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛、抗炎、保肝、抗腫瘤等作用,其中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的藥理活性較強[2]。柴胡是河北省道地藥材之一,其中柴胡的一個來源種北柴胡(津柴胡、硬柴胡等),是河北省柴胡的主要品種。隨著柴胡的需求逐年增長,河北省開始重視和發(fā)展柴胡的種植,然而柴胡的質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣與產(chǎn)地的生態(tài)環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。河北省地域廣闊,自然地理環(huán)境復(fù)雜,南北、東西地勢高低不一,地區(qū)差異比較明顯,加上氣候較溫和,導(dǎo)致河北省柴胡資源分布廣泛,不同產(chǎn)地柴胡質(zhì)量參差不齊。因此,本課題從地形、氣候和土壤因子三個方面對河北省各地區(qū)進行北柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃分析,明確了柴胡皂苷類成分與不同生態(tài)環(huán)境因子之間的關(guān)系,確保柴胡種植能夠因地制宜,進一步保證栽培柴胡藥材的質(zhì)量。目的:取河北省不同產(chǎn)地的四十三份北柴胡樣品,根據(jù)2015年版《中國藥典》柴胡含量測定方法測定柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d含量,作為柴胡質(zhì)量控制的指標(biāo),應(yīng)用空間分析技術(shù)[3]對柴胡皂苷類成分含量與各生態(tài)環(huán)境因子之間的關(guān)系進行分析研究,從地形、氣候、土壤因子三方面對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究,明確柴胡皂苷類成分與生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系,為種植北柴胡基地的選址提供理論依據(jù)[4]。方法:1樣品的采集:采集了河北省各產(chǎn)地四十三份野生北柴胡,采收時間為2016年8~9月,采收部位為根,干燥。2柴胡皂苷a、d的含量測定:采用高效液相色譜法測定柴胡藥材樣品中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量。3根據(jù)地形、氣候和土壤等環(huán)境因素對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃[4]:(1)最大信息熵模型:根據(jù)河北省3個地形因子、19個氣候因子及8個土壤因子等生態(tài)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)和四十三個產(chǎn)地的地理位置信息,運用最大信息熵模型(maxent)計算柴胡生境適宜度,篩選出對柴胡生境適宜度影響較大的生態(tài)因子。(2)基于地形因子的柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:使用spss21.0統(tǒng)計軟件對海拔、坡度及坡向等地形因子數(shù)據(jù)與柴胡皂苷類成分含量進行相關(guān)分析,并分析各地形因子與柴胡皂苷類成分含量之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)地形因子的影響,運用arcgis軟件對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃分析。(3)基于氣候因子的柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:使用spss21.0統(tǒng)計軟件對19個氣候因子數(shù)據(jù)與柴胡皂苷類成分含量進行相關(guān)分析,然后運用逐步回歸分析篩選出影響柴胡皂苷類成分含量的主要氣候因子,分析各個氣候因子與柴胡皂苷類成分之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)氣候因子的影響,運用arcgis軟件對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃分析。(4)基于土壤因子的柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:使用spss21.0統(tǒng)計軟件對酸堿度、土壤的陽離子交換能力、土壤含沙量、土壤含粘土量、土壤亞類、土壤有效水含量等級、土壤質(zhì)地分類和有機碳含量等土壤因子數(shù)據(jù)與柴胡皂苷類成分含量進行相關(guān)分析,并分析各土壤因子與柴胡皂苷類成分含量之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)土壤因子的影響,運用arcgis軟件對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃分析。結(jié)果:1柴胡皂苷a、d含量的測定:測得柴胡樣品中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量分別為0.639mg/g~2.658mg/g、0.584mg/g~2.482mg/g。2根據(jù)地形、氣候和土壤等生態(tài)因子對河北省北柴胡進行生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃:(1)最大信息熵模型:運用maxent軟件分別對河北省地形、氣候和土壤等因子運算一百萬次,篩選出對河北省北柴胡生境適宜度影響比較大的3個地形因子、9個氣候因子及5個土壤因子。(2)基于地形因子的河北省北柴胡的生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:海拔大于600m時柴胡皂苷類成分含量最高,海拔小于200m時最低。坡度為4~5.5°時柴胡皂苷類成分含量最高,坡度小于2.5°時柴胡皂苷類成分含量最低。柴胡生長在向陽面時柴胡皂苷類成分含量較高。(3)基于氣候因子的河北省北柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:對氣候數(shù)據(jù)進行逐步回歸分析后得到對柴胡皂苷類成分含量起主要影響的氣候因子為最濕季平均溫和等溫性。其中,最濕季平均溫為21℃以下柴胡皂苷類成分含量最高,23℃以上含量最低;等溫性為30~31柴胡皂苷類成分含量最高,26~27含量最低。(4)基于土壤因子的柴胡生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究:柴胡皂苷類成分含量與土壤因子沒有明顯的相關(guān)性。結(jié)論:1通過研究表明有利于柴胡皂苷類成分含量積累的地形和氣候條件為:海拔600m以上,坡度為4~5.5°,坡向為陽面,最濕季平均溫21℃以下,等溫性為30~31,這些生態(tài)條件最適宜北柴胡種植的。2研究結(jié)果中最適宜北柴胡生長的地區(qū)主要分布在太行山和燕山山脈一帶,包括邯鄲、石家莊、保定、唐山、秦皇島西部,張家口和承德大部分地區(qū),在推廣北柴胡人工種植時,應(yīng)選取與最適宜生態(tài)條件相似度較高的山地,才能更好的保證栽培北柴胡藥材的質(zhì)量。3本課題對河北省內(nèi)北柴胡進行了區(qū)劃研究,為了更好的保證種植柴胡質(zhì)量,為栽培柴胡選址提供依據(jù),在今后的研究中會進一步開展柴胡全國生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究。
[Abstract]:The 2015 edition of < > China received root dry load pharmacopoeia for the Umbelliferae Bupleurum Bupleurum Bupleurum chinense DC. or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. b.scorzonerifolium, according to the characters of different materials are commonly known as "honewort" and "South Chaihu", and has a solution form, Shugan Jieyu, lifting Yang and other effects of [1]. Modern pharmacological studies show that the main effective component of Bupleurum saponins, volatile oil, bupleurum saikosaponin as the standard substance, quality inspection with sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti tumor effect, the saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d strong pharmacological activity of Bupleurum [2]. is one of the genuine medicinal materials in Hebei Province, including a source for Bupleurum Bupleurum (Tianjin bupleurum, Radix Bupleuri, hard) is the main varieties in Hebei province. With the demand of Bupleurum Bupleurum increased year by year, Hebei province started to pay attention to and development of Bupleurum plant, but the quality of Radix Bupleuri The ecological environment and origin are closely related. Hebei province is vast, natural geographical environment is complex, North and south, the thing or not, obvious regional difference, with mild climate, in Hebei Province, bupleurum Bupleurum resources are widely distributed, uneven quality in different regions. Therefore, this paper from the terrain of regionalization of ecological suitability analysis Bupleurum in Hebei province from three aspects of climate and soil factors, clarify the relationship between saikosaponins and different environmental factors, to ensure the quality of planting Bupleurum can according to local conditions, to ensure Radix Bupleuri. Objective: Forty-three copies of Bupleurum chinense from different regions of Hebei Province, according to the 2015 edition of < China Pharmacopoeia > Bupleurum determination method for determination of saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d in Bupleurum, as indicators of quality control, application of spatial analysis technology of [3] saikosaponin The relationship between the content and the ecological environment factor analysis, from the terrain, climate of zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei province soil factor three, a clear relationship between saikosaponins and ecological environment, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of planting Bupleurum [4]. method base: 1 samples collection: collected all regions of Hebei province forty-three wild bupleurum, harvest time for 8~9 months of 2016, harvest parts as the root, dry.2 saikosaponin a, the content of D was determined by high performance liquid chromatography determination of saikosaponin a in Radix Bupleuri samples, the content of saikosaponin d.3 according to the climate and terrain. Soil environmental factors such as ecological Suitability Regionalization in Hebei province with [4] (1): honewort maximum entropy model: according to the Hebei province 3 terrain factors, 19 climatic factors and 8 factor of soil ecological and environmental data The geographical location information of the forty-three areas, using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) calculation of Bupleurum habitat suitability, select suitable ecological factors greatly influence on the bupleurum habitat. (2) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum topographic factors: using spss21.0 statistical software on the altitude, slope and slope correlation analysis to terrain factors such as data and saikosaponins content, and analyze the relationship between the topographical factors and saikosaponins content. According to the effect of topography in Hebei Province, using honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis software ArcGIS. (3) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum climatic factors were analyzed based on: on the 19 climate factors data and saikosaponins content using the spss21.0 statistical software, and then use regression analysis to find out the influence of content of saikosaponins The main climatic factors, analysis of the relationship between the various climate factors and saikosaponins. According to the influence of climate factors in Hebei Province, using honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis software ArcGIS. (4) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum soil based on factor: using spss21.0 statistical software on soil pH, cation the exchange capacity, soil content, clay content of soil, soil subgroup, soil available water content level, the correlation analysis of soil texture classification and organic carbon content of soil factor data and saikosaponin content, and analyzing the relationship between soil factors and saikosaponins content. According to the influence of soil factors. The use of Hebei province honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis ArcGIS software. Results: 1 Determination of saikosaponin a, D content of saikosaponin was measured: Bupleurum samples in a, Chai Huzao The content of D was respectively 0.639mg/g~2.658mg/g, 0.584mg/g~2.482mg/g.2 according to the topography, ecological factors such as climate and Soil Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Hebei province honewort: (1) the maximum entropy model by MaxEnt software respectively in Hebei Province, terrain, climate and soil factors such as operation one million times, screened 3 topographic effect relatively large in Hebei province honewort habitat, 9 climatic factors and 5 soil factors. (2) the Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei Province Based on topographic factors: altitude of more than 600m saikosaponins content is the highest, the lowest altitude is less than 200m. The slope is 4~5.5 degrees saikosaponins the highest content of slope is less than 2.5 degrees, content of saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri. The lowest growth adret when saikosaponins content is higher. (3) of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei Province Based on climatic factors of students Study on the suitable state Zoning: the climate data were obtained after stepwise regression analysis of climatic factors plays a major impact on the content of saikosaponins for the wet season average temperature. The average temperature is 21 degrees Celsius in the wet season of saikosaponins content was the highest, 23 DEG C was the lowest for isothermal; 30~31 content of saikosaponins is highest, the lowest levels of 26~27. (4) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum soil based on factor: no obvious correlation between saikosaponins content and soil factors. Conclusion: 1 through research that is beneficial to the content of saikosaponins accumulation of topography and climatic conditions as above 600m. The slope is 4~5.5 degrees, the slope for the sun, the average temperature of the wet season of 21 DEG C, isothermal 30~31, the most suitable for the ecological conditions of Bupleurum chinense planting.2 research results in the most suitable growth area of Bupleurum chinense Mainly distributed in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan mountains area, including Handan, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Tangshan, Western Qinhuangdao, most areas of Zhangjiakou and Chengde, in the promotion of Bupleurum chinense plantation, the most suitable ecological conditions should be selected with the high similarity of the mountain, in order to better ensure the quality of.3 cultivation of B.chinense this topic to the north of Hebei province the division of bupleurum, in order to better ensure the quality of planting bupleurum, provide the basis for the cultivation of Bupleurum location, will further carry out Bupleurum National Ecological Suitability Regionalization in future research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S567.79

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