本文關鍵詞：中哈邊境毗鄰蝗區(qū)生態(tài)特征差異及意大利蝗飛行能力研究　出處：《新疆師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 生態(tài)特征 遷飛能力 日齡 意大利蝗 中哈邊境

【摘要】：中哈邊境蝗蟲跨境遷飛危害常造成嚴重損失,明確蝗蟲遷出區(qū)和遷入?yún)^(qū)生態(tài)條件異同及意大利蝗蟲遷飛能力是提高監(jiān)測預警水平的基礎。采用境內(nèi)外野外調(diào)查與室內(nèi)分析相結合,比較分析了中哈邊境中國新疆塔城邊境蝗區(qū)和哈薩克斯坦境內(nèi)阿拉湖蝗區(qū)的生態(tài)特征。結果表明,塔城邊境蝗區(qū)與阿拉湖蝗區(qū)地勢平坦,前者海拔介于412-431 m,后者海拔介于452-508 m,兩者無顯著差異(P0.05);兩蝗區(qū)主要植被和蝗蟲種類相似,植被種類以禾本科(Gramiaeae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、駱駝蓬科(Peganaceae)、菊科(Compositae)的蒿屬(Artemisia)為主;蝗蟲以意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、亞洲飛蝗(Locusta migratoria migratoria)、偽星翅蝗(Calliptamus coelesyriensis)、戟紋蝗(Dociostaurus kraussi)、黑條小車蝗(Oedaleus decorus)、朱腿痂蝗(Bryodema gebleri)、小雛蝗(Chorthippus mollischarp)為優(yōu)勢類群。塔城邊境蝗區(qū)與阿拉湖蝗區(qū)土壤的p H值分別為8.80±0.17、8.16±0.14,含鹽量分別為5.95±1.79 mg/g、0.71±0.10 mg/g,有機質(zhì)含量分別為46.94±4.37 g/kg、22.53±2.74 g/kg,兩蝗區(qū)的p H、含鹽量和有機質(zhì)含量差異顯著(P0.05);除Ca2+和CO32-,土壤中的Cl-、SO42-、K+、Na+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量差異顯著(P0.05)。兩蝗區(qū)20 a(1980-1999年)年均氣溫和降水量無顯著差異(P0.05),年、季節(jié)平均氣溫和降水量5 a滑動趨勢差異顯著(P0.05)。采用JDFXM-3型昆蟲飛行信息系統(tǒng),室溫下測定2日齡至13日齡群居型雌雄意大利蝗的飛行能力。結果表明,雌雄意大利蝗不同日齡的遷飛能力變化趨勢不同,隨日齡增長,雌蟲的飛行能力先上升后下降,雄蟲則逐漸減弱,且雌蟲飛行能力強于雄蟲。雌蟲7日齡飛行能力最強,平均飛行距離和飛行時間分別為0.96±0.32 km和0.57±0.15 h,雄蟲2日齡的飛行能力最強,平均飛行距離和飛行時間分別為0.53±0.24 km和0.31±0.12 h;雌雄蟲的飛行能力均在13日齡最小,平均飛行距離和飛行時間分別為0.11±0.03 km和0.07±0.01 h,0.02±0.00 km和0.02±0.00 h。不同日齡雌蟲之間、雄蟲之間和同日齡雌雄之間的平均飛行距離、飛行時間差異顯著(P0.05),平均飛行速度差異不顯著(P0.05)。哈薩克斯坦境內(nèi)阿拉湖蝗區(qū)的優(yōu)勢植被種類、較低的土壤p H值和含鹽量及氣候條件適宜蝗蟲產(chǎn)卵和生長發(fā)育,是蝗蟲的重要孳生地;我國境內(nèi)塔城邊境地區(qū)大面積撂荒地增加了適宜蝗蟲發(fā)生的環(huán)境。因此,中哈邊境毗鄰蝗區(qū)仍然是蝗蟲嚴重發(fā)生區(qū),蝗蟲跨境遷飛危害將繼續(xù)存在,研究結果對于指導中哈邊境蝗區(qū)的監(jiān)測和防控有重要作用。
[Abstract]:The harm of locusts moving across the border between China and Kazakhstan often causes serious losses. The differences and similarities of ecological conditions and the ability of Italian locusts to move away from and into the area are the basis for improving the level of monitoring and early warning. Field investigation and indoor analysis are used to improve the level of monitoring and early warning. The ecological characteristics of the Tacheng border locust region in China and the Arahu locust region in Kazakhstan are compared and analyzed. The results show that the Tacheng border locust area is flat with the Arahu lake locust area. The former was 412-431 m, the latter was 452-508 m, there was no significant difference between the two. The main vegetation and grasshopper species in the two locust regions are similar. The vegetation species are Gramiaeaeae, Cyperaceaeae, Chenopodiaceaeae. Artemisia (Artemisia) of the genus Peganaceaeae and Compositaeae; The locusts are Calliptamus italicusus and Locusta migratoria migratoria. Calliptamus coelesyriensis, Dociostaurus kraussi. Oedaleus decorusus, Bryodema geblerii. Chorthippus mollischarp was the dominant group. The pH value of soil in Tacheng border locust area and Ala lake locust area was 8.80 鹵0.17, respectively. The salt content and organic matter content were 5.95 鹵1.79 mg / g 0.71 鹵0.10 mg / g and 46.94 鹵4.37 g / kg, respectively, 8.16 鹵0.14, 5.95 鹵1.79 mg / g / g and 46.94 鹵4.37 g / kg, respectively. 22.53 鹵2.74 g / kg, there were significant differences in pH, salinity and organic matter content between the two locust regions (P 0.05). Except for Ca2 and CO32 -, Cl-C SO42-K ~ + Na ~ (2 +) mg _ (2) was found in soil. There was no significant difference in average annual air temperature and precipitation between the two locust regions from 1980 to 1999. The seasonal mean air temperature and precipitation showed significant difference in sliding trend in 5 years (P0.05). JDFXM-3 type insect flight information system was used. The flight ability of the male and female Italian locust from 2 days to 13 days old was measured at room temperature. The results showed that the migration ability of male and female Italian locust was different and increased with the age of day. The flying ability of female increased at first and then decreased, while that of male decreased gradually, and the flying ability of female was stronger than that of male, and the female had the strongest flight ability at 7 days old. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.96 鹵0.32 km and 0.57 鹵0.15 h, respectively. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.53 鹵0.24 km and 0.31 鹵0.12 h, respectively. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.11 鹵0.03 km and 0.07 鹵0.01 h, respectively. 0.02 鹵0.00 km and 0.02 鹵0.00 h. the average flight distance and flight time between female and male, male and female were significantly different (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in average flight velocity (P0.05). The dominant vegetation species, lower soil pH value, salt content and climatic conditions were suitable for locust spawning and growth. It is an important breeding ground for locusts. The abandoned land in the border area of Tacheng in China has increased the suitable environment for locust occurrence. Therefore, the locust area adjacent to the border between China and Kazakhstan is still a serious locust occurrence area, and the harm of locust migration across the border will continue to exist. The results play an important role in guiding the monitoring, prevention and control of the border locust in China and Kazakhstan.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S433.2

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