本文關(guān)鍵詞：楊樹人工林根際土壤微生物群落組成及結(jié)構(gòu)研究　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 楊樹人工林 根序 根際微生物 化學(xué)計(jì)量 氮素循環(huán)相關(guān)菌 高通量測序

【摘要】：楊樹(Populus spp.)是我國最重要的工業(yè)用材林樹種之一,楊樹人工林健康經(jīng)營和長期生產(chǎn)力維持是林學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)研究的重要課題�；诩�(xì)根與林分生產(chǎn)力的密切關(guān)系,楊樹人工林細(xì)根研究亟需加強(qiáng)。樹木根系是樹木個(gè)體與土壤環(huán)境進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換和能量運(yùn)送的關(guān)鍵器官,林木根系與土壤環(huán)境間的互作效應(yīng)對于雙方以及根際環(huán)境的養(yǎng)分循環(huán)具有重要影響。根際土壤微生物作為重要的物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化調(diào)節(jié)器在林木根土互作中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。因此,研究根際土壤微生物對于了解和改善根際土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)以及調(diào)節(jié)根際土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)具有重要意義�；诖�,以歐美楊I(lǐng)-107(Populus×eurameicana‘Neva’)為研究對象,利用高通量測序技術(shù)準(zhǔn)確分析了定殖在根際和非根際的細(xì)菌群落以及不同根序細(xì)根根際土壤細(xì)菌和真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu),并研究了不同根序根際土壤碳氮磷化學(xué)計(jì)量特征以及與根際土壤微生物群落的相關(guān)性,還篩選出土壤氮素循環(huán)相關(guān)菌,以期為深入探索林木根際土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)過程及根土互作關(guān)系提供更加科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)根際和非根際細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的比較,根際土壤包含145個(gè)細(xì)菌屬,非根際土壤包含141個(gè)細(xì)菌屬。根際和非根際相對豐度4%的屬有8個(gè),同一屬的細(xì)菌類群在根際和非根際土壤中相對豐度存在顯著差異(P0.05)。α多樣性分析表明,根際土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性高于非根際土壤,但差異未達(dá)到顯著水平。細(xì)菌群落排序結(jié)果較好地反映了土壤細(xì)菌群落從根際到非根際的變化和不同取樣點(diǎn)的空間差異,根際效應(yīng)對細(xì)菌群落差異的貢獻(xiàn)率占21.2%。β多樣性分析表明,楊樹人工林根際和非根際土壤樣品間細(xì)菌群落組成具有較大差異,根際和非根際土壤中各含有一些特有屬(根際15個(gè),非根際11個(gè)),此外還發(fā)現(xiàn)豐度發(fā)生顯著變化的23個(gè)屬,主要以纖維素降解菌和固氮菌為主。根系對根際微生物的選擇是導(dǎo)致根際微生物群落組成和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生顯著差異的重要機(jī)制,這將對根土界面碳氮循環(huán)產(chǎn)生顯著影響。(2)不同根序土壤細(xì)菌和真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)比較,1-2級根、3級根和4-5級根根際土壤分別包含607個(gè)、593個(gè)和604個(gè)細(xì)菌屬,128個(gè)、124個(gè)和130個(gè)真菌屬。不同根序土壤細(xì)菌相對豐度1%的屬有12個(gè),其中,1-2級根土壤中Burkholderia菌屬的豐度最高,其次是Bacteroides菌屬;而Bacteroides屬在3級根和4-5級根根際土壤中均為豐度最高的菌屬;不同根序土壤真菌相對豐度1%的屬有7個(gè),其中,在1-2級根根際土壤中Trichosporon菌屬的豐度最高,其次是Trichoderma菌屬;在3級根根際土壤中Trichosporon屬的相對豐度也是最高的;Aspergillus菌屬在4-5級根中相對豐度最高。α多樣性分析表明,從低級根到高級根土壤細(xì)菌群落的豐富度和多樣性都在顯著降低(P0.05),土壤真菌的豐富度和多樣性變化不明顯。對土壤樣品的主成分分析表明,楊樹人工林不同根序根際土壤間細(xì)菌群落組成存在較大差異。β多樣性分析表明,楊樹人工林不同根序間土壤細(xì)菌和真菌群落組成的相似性和差異性變化規(guī)律都正好相反。此外,隨著根序等級的升高相對豐度顯著上調(diào)的細(xì)菌屬主要以抗酸性菌屬和還原硝酸鹽的菌屬為主,顯著下調(diào)的細(xì)菌屬主要以固氮菌和生物降解菌為主。微生物群落在不同根序根際土壤中的變化提供了深入了解植物微生物相互作用,以及用于研究根際激發(fā)效應(yīng)機(jī)制的新模式。(3)不同根序細(xì)根根際土壤碳氮磷化學(xué)計(jì)量特征及其與根際微生物多樣性的相關(guān)性分析。楊樹人工林根際土壤碳氮磷含量與非根際土壤存在顯著差異(P0.05),但不同根序間速效氮、有效磷含量以及銨硝比未達(dá)到顯著差異水平(P0.05)。根際土壤全碳含量隨著根序升高顯著下降,而全氮含量隨著根序升高逐漸增加。1-2級細(xì)根根際土壤全磷含量顯著高于4-5級根(P0.05)。楊樹細(xì)根根際土壤C/N隨著根序升高顯著降低(P0.05);C/P隨著細(xì)根序級升高逐漸下降,但在不同根序間差異不顯著(P0.05)。土壤全碳和全氮含量及碳氮磷化學(xué)計(jì)量比均與細(xì)菌群落豐富性(chao指數(shù)和ACE指數(shù))呈顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),全磷含量與細(xì)菌群落相關(guān)性不顯著。土壤碳氮磷化學(xué)計(jì)量與真菌群落多樣性相關(guān)性不顯著(P0.05)。楊樹根際土壤碳氮磷養(yǎng)分循環(huán)呈現(xiàn)依賴于根序的變化特征,不同根序細(xì)根可能對微生物群落構(gòu)建進(jìn)行選擇進(jìn)而影響土壤碳氮磷循環(huán)過程。(4)通過對菌株的富集培養(yǎng)和分離純化,在根際土壤中篩選到2株亞硝酸菌W31和W42,經(jīng)分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)鑒定分別為Burkholderia cenocepacia strain AU1054和Burkholderia terrae strain KMY02,其最適發(fā)酵條件分別為底物氨氮濃度200 mg/L和300~500 mg/L時(shí),pH值分別為7.5和8.5。
[Abstract]:Poplar (Populus spp.) is one of the most important industrial timber species in China, poplar forest health management and long-term maintenance of productivity is an important issue in forestry and ecology research. The close relationship between fine root and forest productivity based on the fine root of Poplar Plantation urgently strengthened. Tree roots are individual trees and soil environment are the key organs the exchange of material and energy transport, tree roots and soil environment interaction effect has important influence on both sides and rhizosphere nutrient cycling. Rhizosphere microorganisms as an important regulator of material transformation plays a key role in the tree root soil interaction. Therefore, the rhizosphere soil microbial research has important significance for understand and improve the soil microbial community structure in rhizosphere and regulate rhizosphere soil nutrient cycling. Based on this, by ofp0pulusxeuramericana I-107 (Populus * eurameicana 'Nev A ") as the research object, the accurate analysis of the colonization of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere and different order fine roots rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community structure using high-throughput sequencing technology, and study the correlation of different order roots rhizosphere soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and rhizosphere soil microbial community also, selected soil nitrogen cycling bacteria, in order to further explore the tree rhizosphere soil nutrient cycling processes and root soil interaction and provide a theoretical basis for more scientific. This research shows that: (1) compare the structure of rhizosphere and non rhizosphere bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil, contains 145 bacterial genera in non rhizosphere soil, contains 141 bacterial genera. The rhizosphere and non rhizosphere relative abundance of 4% genera of 8, bacterial species of the same genus in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil in the relative abundance of significant differences (P0.05). Alpha diversity analysis showed that rhizosphere soil fine The diversity of bacterial communities was higher than that of non rhizosphere soil, but the difference was not significant. The bacterial community ordination results reflect the soil bacterial communities from the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere to change different sampling points of the spatial difference of rhizosphere effect on bacterial community differences in the contribution rate of 21.2%. beta diversity analysis showed that the samples poplar plantation rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition has great differences in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil contains some endemic genera (15 rhizosphere and non rhizosphere 11), in addition, abundance occurred in 23 genera of significant changes, to cellulose degrading bacteria and nitrogen fixation bacteria. Selection of roots on rhizosphere microorganisms may be an important mechanism of the composition and structure of rhizosphere microbial community had significant differences, the root soil interface of carbon and nitrogen cycles have significant effects. (2) of different order roots in soil bacterial and fungal community structure Comparison of 1-2 grade level 3 root and root, 4-5 root rhizosphere soil respectively contained 607, 593 and 604 bacterial genera, 128, 124 and 130 fungal genera. Different root orders of soil bacteria relative abundance of 1% of the 12 genera, the genus of 1-2 Burkholderia root in soil the highest abundance, followed by Bacteroides spp.; the Bacteroides is in grade 3 and grade 4-5 root root rhizosphere soil had the highest abundance of bacteria; soil fungi of different order roots relative abundance of 1% genera of 7, which, at the 1-2 level of Trichosporon in root rhizosphere soil bacteria abundance was highest, followed by Trichoderma fungi; relative abundance in grade 3 in root Rhizosphere soil of the genus Trichosporon is the highest; Aspergillus species relative abundance at the 4-5 level is highest in roots. Alpha diversity analysis showed that from lower to higher root root richness and diversity of soil bacterial community were significantly decreased (P0.05), the abundance of soil fungi Richness and diversity did not change significantly. The main component of soil sample analysis showed that the poplar plantation of different root orders between rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition differences. Beta diversity analysis showed that poplar root sequence between the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities and the similarities and differences of the changes are just on the contrary. In addition, with the increase of relative abundance of root order significantly up-regulated bacteria mainly in the acid resistance of bacteria and nitrate reduction bacteria, significantly reduced the bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and mainly by biological degradation bacteria. Microorganisms provides in-depth understanding of plant microbe interactions in the rhizosphere of different order changes fall the root in the soil, as well as for the new model of rhizosphere priming effect mechanism. (3) different rhizosphere root order of soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and rhizosphere microbial diversity related Analysis. There were significant differences in Poplar Plantation rhizosphere soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus content and non rhizosphere soil (P0.05), but not the same sequence between the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrate ratio did not reach significant levels (P0.05). The rhizosphere soil total carbon content increased with root order was significantly decreased, and total nitrogen the content increased gradually with the root order of total phosphorus in.1-2 root rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that of 4-5 (P0.05) C/N. The root root rhizosphere soil of Poplar with root order increased significantly decreased (P0.05); C/P with fine root level increased gradually decreased, but the difference between the different root order was not significant (P0.05). The total carbon and total nitrogen content and carbon nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and bacterial community richness (Chao index and ACE index) were significantly correlated (P0.05), no significant correlation between total phosphorus content and bacterial community. No significant soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and fungal community diversity correlation (P 0.05). Poplar rhizosphere soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus cycling showed variation depends on the root order, different order fine roots may choose to build on the microbial community affects soil carbon and nitrogen phosphorus cycle. (4) through the enrichment and purification of strains, screened 2 strains nitrite bacteria W31 and W42 in rhizosphere soil, the molecular phylogeny were identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia strain AU1054 and Burkholderia terrae strain KMY02, the optimum fermentation conditions were 200 mg/L and 300~500 substrate ammonia concentration mg/L, pH values were 7.5 and 8.5.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.3

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