本文關(guān)鍵詞：復(fù)合肥防結(jié)塊劑的研制及其防結(jié)塊性能的研究　出處：《青島科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 復(fù)合肥 結(jié)塊 快速結(jié)塊裝置 防結(jié)塊劑 緩釋

【摘要】：肥料對(duì)農(nóng)作物的增產(chǎn)增收起著非常重要的作用,但因各種原因使得肥料易發(fā)生結(jié)塊,給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來不便。特別是復(fù)合肥因成分復(fù)雜、養(yǎng)分含量高使其在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)和施用時(shí)更易產(chǎn)生結(jié)塊,妨礙其使用,甚至影響其施用效果。本文以噴漿造粒復(fù)合肥和熔體造粒復(fù)合肥為研究對(duì)象,探討了其結(jié)塊原因,并據(jù)此研制了一種有效的水溶性防結(jié)塊劑。具體內(nèi)容如下:首先,研究了兩種復(fù)合肥的吸濕性能。通過吸濕速率曲線的測(cè)定,確定了兩種復(fù)合肥進(jìn)行快速結(jié)塊試驗(yàn)溫度、濕度條件為50℃、70%和40℃、70%。運(yùn)用了一種能客觀反映復(fù)合肥在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)過程中所處環(huán)境的改進(jìn)快速結(jié)塊表征方法,將傳統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)方法的實(shí)驗(yàn)周期從七周縮短到一周,提高了結(jié)塊的評(píng)價(jià)效率。其次,研究了影響噴漿造粒復(fù)合肥結(jié)塊的內(nèi)外因素。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:肥料自身含水量和自外界吸收的水分是導(dǎo)致復(fù)合肥結(jié)塊的直接原因,環(huán)境溫度、濕度和儲(chǔ)存壓力是復(fù)合肥結(jié)塊的推動(dòng)力,而儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間為復(fù)合肥的結(jié)塊提供了機(jī)會(huì)。由對(duì)各影響因素的分析可知,當(dāng)復(fù)合肥的含水量低于0.8%、小顆粒含量低于10%、空氣相對(duì)濕度低于50%、所受壓力低于2 kg/cm2時(shí),復(fù)合肥不易形成結(jié)塊,此外還應(yīng)縮短儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間。再次,研制了一種制備容易可生物降解的天然高分子基防結(jié)塊劑,并初步探討了其防結(jié)塊機(jī)理。通過考察原料配比、濃度和噴涂量等因素對(duì)防結(jié)塊效果的影響,確定了所研制的防結(jié)塊劑中羥乙基纖維素(HEC)和十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(LAS)的最佳配比為0.5,當(dāng)防結(jié)塊劑的濃度為20%、噴涂量為3‰時(shí)防結(jié)塊效果較佳,防結(jié)塊率可達(dá)87%以上。最后,研究了所制備防結(jié)塊劑的肥效緩釋效果。水溶液浸泡法表明:包覆防結(jié)塊劑的復(fù)合肥,在水溶液中浸泡一周后,其N、P、K的釋放率分別為35.4%、23.5%和27.9%,均低于未處理復(fù)合肥的釋放率46.8%、31.2%和34.7%;土壤培養(yǎng)法表明:包覆防結(jié)塊劑的復(fù)合肥,在土壤中培養(yǎng)50天后的N、P、K的釋放率分別為70.3%、60.5%和61.7%,也均低于未處理復(fù)合肥的釋放率86.6%、76.4%和75.8%。兩種方法說明防結(jié)塊劑作為包膜材料具有良好的緩釋效果。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer plays a very important role in increasing the yield and income of crops, but it is easy to block fertilizer for various reasons and bring inconvenience to agricultural production. In particular, complex fertilizer, because of its complex composition and high nutrient content, makes it more likely to produce caking in storage, transportation and application, hindering its use and even affecting its application. In this paper, the reason of caking is discussed with shotcrete granulation compound fertilizer and melt granulation compound fertilizer, and an effective water-soluble anti caking agent is developed based on it. The specific contents are as follows: first, the moisture absorption properties of the two kinds of compound fertilizers are studied. Through the determination of the moisture absorption rate curve, the temperature and humidity conditions of two kinds of compound fertilizer for rapid caking test are 50, 70%, 40 and 70%. A fast agglomerate characterization method which can objectively reflect the environment of compound fertilizer in storage and transportation is applied, which shortens the experimental period of traditional evaluation method from seven weeks to a week, and improves the evaluation efficiency of agglomeration. Secondly, the internal and external factors affecting the caking of compound fertilizer with spray granulation are studied. The experimental results showed that the moisture content of the fertilizer and the moisture absorbed from the outside were the direct cause of the agglomeration of compound fertilizer. The environmental temperature, humidity and storage pressure were the driving force of the compound fertilizer agglomeration, and the storage time provided an opportunity for the agglomeration of compound fertilizer. According to the analysis of the influencing factors, when the moisture content of compound fertilizer is less than 0.8%, the content of small particles is below 10%, the relative humidity of air is less than 50%, and the pressure is less than 2 kg/cm2, compound fertilizer is not easy to form agglomeration. Besides, storage time should also be shortened. Thirdly, a kind of natural polymer based anti caking agent, which is easily biodegradable, is prepared, and its anti caking mechanism is preliminarily discussed. Through the investigation of raw material ratio, concentration and spraying the amount of influence on the anti caking effect, the anti caking agent of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and the twelve sulfonate (LAS) the best ratio was 0.5, when the concentration of anti caking agent is 20%, the spraying amount was 3 per thousand when anti caking effect is better. And the anti caking rate is more than 87%. Finally, the effect of the sustained release of the anti caking agent was studied. That immersion solution: coated compound fertilizer anti caking agent, soaking in aqueous solution after a week, the N, P, K release rates were 35.4%, 23.5% and 27.9%, were lower than the untreated release compound fertilizer was 46.8%, 31.2% and 34.7%; the soil cultivation method: coated compound fertilizer anti caking agent, after 50 days of culture, N P, K in soil release rate were 70.3%, 60.5% and 61.7%, were lower than those of untreated release compound fertilizer was 86.6%, 76.4% and 75.8%. The two methods indicate that the anti caking agent has a good release effect as a coating material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ440.4

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