本文關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈資源化綜合利用環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)效益研究　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 資源化利用 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型 廢棄物處理 農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈

【摘要】：我國自改革開放以來糧食產(chǎn)量呈現(xiàn)出來不斷增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì),與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的是農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈的產(chǎn)量也越來越多。雖然肥料化等方式處理的秸稈的比例在逐年提高,但是我國每年仍然有數(shù)億噸的秸稈得不到有效的處理,嚴(yán)重破壞了水源土壤等生態(tài)環(huán)境。就算是在已處理的秸稈中,有80%左右的秸稈都是用于粗放處理,而通過精細(xì)處理的秸稈數(shù)量少之又少,間接地造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。在大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)的趨勢(shì)中,在既要金山銀山又要綠水青山的倡導(dǎo)下,深入分析研究秸稈的綜合處理方式及其對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的影響是很有必要的。為解決上述問題,本文首先通過對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈資源化處理方式的理論和實(shí)踐研究,分析了國內(nèi)外在研究秸稈綜合利用方面的最新進(jìn)展與結(jié)果,總結(jié)了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型的發(fā)展歷史、應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)和建模方法等基本情況。然后描述了我國目前秸稈的數(shù)量、種類及地區(qū)分布等現(xiàn)狀,分析了我國目前秸稈主要的處理方式、不當(dāng)處理產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和環(huán)境危害、不當(dāng)處理方式背后的深層次原因以及國家和地方在秸稈處理工作方面出臺(tái)的政策措施。接著以浙江廣誠生物有限公司為例聚焦秸稈基料化處理所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)效益,根據(jù)該公司的生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置變量、建立具體的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型,并使用生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型對(duì)其經(jīng)營活動(dòng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析,并將優(yōu)化結(jié)果與實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)作對(duì)比。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過多個(gè)生產(chǎn)條件的變化來設(shè)置不同的情景,通過生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型計(jì)算出該公司在這些情景中的生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)分析結(jié)果為未來可能發(fā)生的變動(dòng)做出預(yù)測(cè),最后綜合分析結(jié)果得出結(jié)論。經(jīng)過生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型的計(jì)算分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),主產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模會(huì)對(duì)凈利潤產(chǎn)生不同形式的正面影響,棉籽殼、人工成本和秸稈等原材料價(jià)格會(huì)對(duì)凈利潤產(chǎn)生多種形式的負(fù)面影響。具體而言就是,當(dāng)主產(chǎn)品價(jià)格提高時(shí),凈利潤呈現(xiàn)出先下降后上升的U型走勢(shì),且增長(zhǎng)速度越來越快,因此其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最明顯;當(dāng)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模逐步擴(kuò)大時(shí),凈利潤也是逐步提高但增幅逐漸增大即表現(xiàn)出凹曲線的增長(zhǎng)走勢(shì),同時(shí)處理的農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈數(shù)量也大幅增長(zhǎng),因此其生態(tài)效益最明顯。在原材料價(jià)格中,棉籽殼和人工成本與凈利潤都呈現(xiàn)出近似線性的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,但是人工成本對(duì)凈利潤的影響程度更大即圖形的走勢(shì)更加陡峭。秸稈價(jià)格對(duì)利潤的影響則是最不規(guī)則的,存在多個(gè)“閾值”現(xiàn)象,表現(xiàn)在凈利潤對(duì)秸稈價(jià)格的圖像上,則是當(dāng)秸稈價(jià)格在某個(gè)閾值范圍內(nèi)時(shí)圖形呈現(xiàn)出近似線性的反向走勢(shì),而當(dāng)秸稈價(jià)格突破該閾值后圖形雖然也表現(xiàn)出近似線性的反向走勢(shì),但是其陡峭程度與其他閾值下的圖形都不同,因此秸稈價(jià)格對(duì)凈利潤的影響也是最復(fù)雜的。這些研究結(jié)果說明了國家要制定與生態(tài)環(huán)境相配合的農(nóng)業(yè)政策,加大對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈資源化綜合利用的政策、技術(shù)和資金支持,積極推動(dòng)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)的和諧發(fā)展等。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening to the outside world, the grain output has shown a growing trend, and the output of agricultural straw is more and more. Although the proportion of straw processed by fertilizers has been increasing year by year, there are still hundreds of millions of tons of straw in China can not get effective treatment every year, which seriously destroys the ecological environment such as water source and soil. Even in the treated straw, about 80% of the straw is used for extensive treatment, and the number of straw processed by meticulous treatment is very few, which indirectly causes huge economic losses. In developing modern agriculture in the trend, in both gold and silver and beautiful scenery under the initiative, analyzes the impact of straw and comprehensive treatment of the ecological environment and economic development which is very necessary. To solve the above problems, this paper based on the theory and practice of agricultural straw resources on processing mode, analyzed the new progress and results at home and abroad in the study of comprehensive utilization of straw, summarizes the basic situation of agricultural eco economic model of the development history, application characteristics and modeling method. Then describe the current straw quantity, species and distribution in China, analyzes the policies and measures, the main processing straw in China improper treatment causes economic loss and environmental damage, improper disposal way behind and national and local work in the introduction of the straw at. And then to the Zhejiang kwongshing biological Co. Ltd for example focusing straw base material produced the economic and ecological benefits, according to the production data of the company set variables, establishing ecological economic model of concrete, and the use of ecological economic model of the operation optimization analysis, and the optimization results are compared with the actual data. On this basis, different scenarios are set up through the change of multiple production conditions, and the production data of these companies in these scenarios are calculated through the eco economic model. Based on the analysis results, we can make predictions for possible future changes. Finally, the conclusion is drawn from the comprehensive analysis. After calculation and analysis of the eco economic model, it is found that the main product price and production scale will have different positive effects on net profit. The price of raw material, such as cottonseed hull, labor cost and straw, will have various forms of negative effects on net profit. Specifically, when the product price increases, the net profit showed a decrease of U after the rising trend, which grows faster and faster, so the economic benefit is the most obvious; when gradually expand the scale of production, net profit is gradually increased but the growth rate gradually increases as the concave curve of growth trend. At the same time, the number of agricultural straw treatment also increased significantly, so the most obvious ecological benefits. In the price of raw materials, cottonseed hull and labor cost have a nearly linear negative correlation with net profit, but labor cost has greater impact on net profit, that is, the trend of graph is more steep. Effect of straw prices on profits is the most irregular, there are a number of "threshold" phenomenon, manifested in the net profit of the image on the price of the straw, is when the price of the straw in a threshold range of graphics showing a reverse trend approximately linear, and when the price of the straw to break the threshold, although graphics show the reverse trend of the linear approximation, but the steep degree and the other threshold of the graphics are different, so the effect of straw price on net profit is the most complex. These findings indicate that the state should formulate agricultural policies that are compatible with the ecological environment, increase the policy, technology and financial support for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural straws, and actively promote the harmonious development of the ecological economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.214

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