本文關(guān)鍵詞：三峽庫區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)水平鄉(xiāng)村道路對森林演化的“通道—阻隔”效應(yīng)　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 道路變化 森林變化 通道-阻隔效應(yīng) 西沱鎮(zhèn)

【摘要】：人為擾動被認(rèn)為短時空尺度森林景觀演化或用途轉(zhuǎn)換的主要驅(qū)動力,而干擾的拓展或擴(kuò)散及其頻度的發(fā)生常受到道路通道的可達(dá)性程度所制約,體現(xiàn)為明顯的“通道-阻隔”效應(yīng)。本文使用遙感影像圖、森林調(diào)查圖、土地利用圖、歷史統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合實(shí)地踏勘和參與式農(nóng)村評估收集資料,利用ArcGIS10.2軟件進(jìn)行疊加分析,以石柱縣西沱鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū),識別三峽庫區(qū)社區(qū)水平鄉(xiāng)村道路對森林景觀演化的“通道-阻隔”效應(yīng),分析森林景觀及結(jié)構(gòu)變化的軌跡,及其與鄉(xiāng)村道路“通道-阻隔”效應(yīng)間的關(guān)系,理解其背后的潛在影響因素,揭示鄉(xiāng)村道路變化對森林景觀的影響,對未來鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)水平森林景觀恢復(fù)和經(jīng)營提供參考依據(jù)和理論支撐。結(jié)果表明:(1)22年間研究區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村道路數(shù)量和質(zhì)量發(fā)生較大程度的變化,1992~2014年呈先增加后減少的格局,且鄉(xiāng)村道路質(zhì)量得到了大幅提升。道路數(shù)量的變化主要表現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)便道的增減,村級公路和等外公路數(shù)量變化并不大,1992~2002年研究區(qū)道路由255.92km增加到413.65km,在2002~2014年降低至323.80km;質(zhì)量上則主要表現(xiàn)在村級公路及高級別道路的拓寬與硬化,水泥路由0km/hm2增加至0.016km/hm2,等外公路、村級公路是主導(dǎo)研究區(qū)的對外與對內(nèi)交通,2m以下的道路是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要生產(chǎn)便道。(2)研究區(qū)森林景觀以原始林和次生林為主,森林景觀格局演化在空間分布上資源分布相對應(yīng);研究區(qū)2002年前森林景觀呈退化格局,之后在退耕還林政策、生態(tài)工程建設(shè)和農(nóng)戶撂荒作用下森林自發(fā)恢復(fù);研究區(qū)森林景觀的類型構(gòu)成主要有喬木林和其他灌木林,22年間喬木林的變化呈2002年減少和2014年增加的格局。而且,22年間間研究區(qū)喬木林和其他灌木林的變化表現(xiàn)出顯著的互補(bǔ)格局,其他灌木林的減少主要由喬木林的增加所補(bǔ)充;研究區(qū)森林的起源主要以天然實(shí)生和萌生為主,但因人為擾動的作用(包括正向和逆向干擾)不同時期差異較大;(3)22年間研究區(qū)森林景觀演化對鄉(xiāng)村道路的響應(yīng)顯著。在等外公路、村級公路等生產(chǎn)大路框架道路貫通下,聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)便道對“通道”效應(yīng)延伸的支持下,研究區(qū)22年鄉(xiāng)村道路對森林景觀格局演化的“通道”效應(yīng)是非常顯著的。從景觀格局上看,1992~2002和2002~2014年的兩時段,鄉(xiāng)村道路緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)的森林景觀格局演化面積均高于相應(yīng)時間內(nèi)非緩沖區(qū)總演化面積。研究區(qū)前10年森林退化和恢復(fù)量均隨遠(yuǎn)離道路而降低,后12年退化量隨遠(yuǎn)離道路降低,臨近道路森林?jǐn)_動強(qiáng)度大,恢復(fù)量則表現(xiàn)為先降低后增加。從森林結(jié)構(gòu)上看,無論從森林類型、起源和林齡方面,道路影響域內(nèi)森林各種結(jié)構(gòu)的破碎度均大于道路影響域外,道路的建設(shè)不僅是沿途的破壞,對兩側(cè)森林也造成嚴(yán)重影響,明顯表現(xiàn)出破碎度的增加。道路對其他灌木林、幼齡林和天然萌生林的退化有“通道”效應(yīng);對人工直播等政策性森林生態(tài)恢復(fù)起到一定的“通道”效應(yīng);遠(yuǎn)離道路通達(dá)性不暢的區(qū)域,道路“通道”效應(yīng)不顯著,促進(jìn)森林的恢復(fù),表現(xiàn)出“阻隔”效應(yīng)。從道路影響看,道路的新增和消失對森林變化的“通道-阻隔”作用最明顯,道路質(zhì)量的提高促進(jìn)了森林的退化演化;等級公路和村級公路質(zhì)量的提高以及生產(chǎn)便道的增加致使其他灌木林、幼齡林以及天然萌生林退化顯著,研究區(qū)森林結(jié)構(gòu)在道路“通道”作用下朝著退化的方向演化,而生產(chǎn)便道的消失“阻隔”效應(yīng)又促進(jìn)研究區(qū)森林結(jié)構(gòu)朝著恢復(fù)的方向發(fā)展。因此,在研究區(qū)森林景觀恢復(fù)與保護(hù)過程中,要減少人為擾動影響,提高研究區(qū)交通通達(dá)度,可從改善鄉(xiāng)村高等級道路的角度出發(fā)(如改善道路寬度、提高路面質(zhì)量)入手,盡量減少低等級道路分布密度或切斷原有低等級道路可達(dá)性,同時保持政策性生態(tài)保護(hù)長期不變。
[Abstract]:Human disturbance is considered to be the main driving force of forest landscape evolution or use conversion in short time and space scale. The expansion or diffusion of disturbance and its frequency are often restricted by the accessibility of the road passageway, which is manifested as an obvious "channel barrier" effect. The use of remote sensing images, forest survey map, land use map, historical data, combined with field survey and participatory rural assessment and data collection, overlay analysis using ArcGIS10.2 software to West meituohu town of Shizhu County as the study area, the "corridor barrier recognition community in the Three Gorges area level of rural road to the forest landscape evolution effect analysis of forest landscape, and changes in the structure of the track, and rural road corridor barrier function relationship between the potential factors of understanding behind it, reveals the rural road changes on forest landscape impact on the future of the township level of forest landscape restoration and management to provide reference and theoretical support. The results showed that: (1) in the 22 years, the quantity and quality of rural roads in the study area changed a lot. The pattern of rural roads increased first and then decreased in 1992~2014, and the quality of rural roads has been greatly improved. Change the quantity of road is mainly manifested in the production course changes, changes in the number of village roads and roads and little road 1992~2002 in the study area increased from 255.92km to 413.65km, reduced to 323.80km in 2002~2014 years; quality is mainly manifested in widening the village roads and high grade road and hardening cement routing 0km/hm2 increased to 0.016km/hm2 roads, village road is the domestic and foreign traffic research area leading, 2m following the path of agricultural production is an important production. (2) the forest landscape in the study area primary and secondary forests, forest landscape pattern evolution in the spatial distribution of resources distribution corresponding to the study area in 2002; before the forest landscape pattern was degraded, after the effect of the policy of returning farmland to forest, ecological construction and farmers abandoned forest types in the area of spontaneous recovery; the composition of the main forest landscape there are trees and other shrubs, trees showed a change in the 22 years of 2002 and 2014 to reduce the increase pattern. Also, change in the 22 years between the study area of arbor and other shrubs showed a complementary pattern significantly reduced, mainly by increasing the arbor to supplement other shrub; the origin of the forest area is mainly natural seedling and sprouting, but due to human disturbances (including positive and negative interference) different time difference; (3) 22 years of forest landscape evolution in response to rural roads significantly. Under the support of "channel" effect extension under the support of the "road" effect extension of the combined production roads, the "channel effect" of the rural roads on the forest landscape pattern evolution is very significant in the past 22 years. From the view of landscape pattern, the evolution area of forest landscape pattern in rural road buffer area is higher than that in the corresponding time within the two time period of 1992~2002 and 2002~2014. In the first 10 years of the study area, the amount of forest degradation and restoration decreased with the distance away from the road, and the degradation amount decreased with the distance away from the road in the first 12 years. From the forest structure, both forest types, origin and age, effects of road broken domain forest structure were more than the road impact outside the road, along the way construction is not only the destruction, and also have a serious impact on both sides of the forest, showed significant increase of fragmentation. The road to the other shrub forest, young forest and natural forest degradation initiation "channel" effect; broadcasting policy of artificial forest ecological restoration to play a "channel" effect; away from the regional road accessibility is not smooth, the road "channel" effect is not significant, promote the restoration of forests showed a "barrier" effect. The impact from the road, the road of new and disappearing "corridor barrier of forest change the most obvious effect of road quality promotes the evolution of forest degradation; highway and improve the quality of rural highway pavement and increasing the production result of other shrub forest, young forest and natural coppice forest structure of degraded significantly. In the Road" channel "role towards the direction of degradation evolution, and production of sidewalks disappear" blocking "effect and promote the forest structure in this area towards the direction of recovery. Therefore, in the study area of forest landscape restoration and protection process, to reduce the influence of artificial disturbance, improve the traffic research area, starting from the improvement of rural high grade road angle (such as improving road width, improve the quality of pavement) of reducing traffic distribution density of low grade or cut off the original low grade road accessibility. While maintaining the ecological protection policy will remain unchanged for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張晶;;基于公路交通運(yùn)輸對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)影響研究[J];科技經(jīng)濟(jì)市場;2016年02期

2 何威風(fēng);閻建忠;周洪;李秀彬;;農(nóng)戶薪柴消費(fèi)的理論模型及實(shí)證研究[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2016年05期

3 葉麗敏;周沿海;邱榮祖;胡喜生;;區(qū)域道路建設(shè)對兩側(cè)景觀生態(tài)的影響——以福建省將樂縣為例[J];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2015年02期

4 邵景安;張仕超;李秀彬;;山區(qū)耕地邊際化特征及其動因與政策含義（英文）[J];Journal of Geographical Sciences;2015年06期

5 洪惠坤;廖和平;魏朝富;李濤;謝德體;;基于改進(jìn)TOPSIS方法的三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)敏感區(qū)土地利用系統(tǒng)健康評價[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2015年24期

6 邵景安;張仕超;李秀彬;;山區(qū)土地流轉(zhuǎn)對緩解耕地撂荒的作用[J];地理學(xué)報;2015年04期

7 李伯周;鄧志平;;天然林保護(hù)工程中森林管護(hù)存在的問題及對策[J];北京農(nóng)業(yè);2014年36期

8 董靈波;劉兆剛;張博;袁野;孫云霞;;基于Ripley L和O-ring函數(shù)的森林景觀空間分布格局及其關(guān)聯(lián)性[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報;2014年12期

9 關(guān)磊;崔慧珊;孔亞平;王云;;道路路網(wǎng)景觀生態(tài)影響研究現(xiàn)狀[J];交通標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;2014年15期

10 孫曉娟;劉曉東;;三峽庫區(qū)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物種多樣性定量分析[J];森林工程;2014年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 范科紅;高速公路對土地利用變化的影響及生態(tài)效應(yīng)[D];重慶師范大學(xué);2012年

2 李建國;環(huán)洪澤湖區(qū)不同人類活動強(qiáng)度對濕地景觀的影響[D];重慶師范大學(xué);2011年

3 陳寧靜;天然林保護(hù)工程政策實(shí)施效果對現(xiàn)行林業(yè)政策影響研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號：1345557