清代安徽郵驛研究（1667-1911年）
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-15 21:21
【摘要】：本文以清代安徽郵驛為研究對象,時間跨度自清康熙六年(公元1667年)安徽正式建省之時起,至宣統(tǒng)三年(公元1911年)清朝覆滅之日止,其研究地域范圍以宣統(tǒng)三年(公元1911年)安徽省下轄行政區(qū)為準,即13個統(tǒng)縣政區(qū)(包括8府、5直隸州),55個縣級政區(qū)(4屬州、51縣)。郵驛制度發(fā)展到清代已日趨完善,無論是中央層面的會同館、皇華驛、捷報處抑或地方層面的驛、站、塘、臺、所、鋪,其設(shè)置地域之廣闊,形式之多樣,驛路之發(fā)達程度,均較前朝完備,其中驛站和急遞鋪是承擔政府信息傳遞的兩個主要載體,其設(shè)置數(shù)量也較其他郵驛形式為多。清時安徽省所設(shè)驛站和急遞鋪數(shù)量分別為81處和867所,其中驛站的分布格局以長江為界呈現(xiàn)出北多南少且驛站規(guī)模北方較南方為大的特征,而作為主要傳遞中央與地方、地方與地方之間一般文書的急遞鋪來說,其數(shù)量與分布則與驛站有較大不同,其中影響驛站和急遞鋪數(shù)量、分布格局的主要原因不外乎政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、地理等自然和社會因素。基于81處驛站的分布格局,在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的主要驛路共有三條:南北干線、入江西驛路和水路,它們共同構(gòu)成了清時安徽水陸兼?zhèn)洹⑺耐ò诉_的郵驛網(wǎng)絡(luò)。有關(guān)清代郵驛制度的史料較為豐富,因此只要仔細爬梳相關(guān)史料,對于清時郵驛制度的典章解讀便成為可能,清時安徽郵驛制度涉及郵符、驛費、驛程、驛馬、驛車、驛船、驛禁、給驛(及雜支)、程限等多個項目,而驛費又是其中尤為關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)。驛費是維持整個郵驛系統(tǒng)正常運行的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ),如何處理好驛費問題并使其發(fā)揮最大功效困擾著清朝統(tǒng)治者們,從清初至乾隆再到嘉慶皇帝,清政府在圍繞驛費支配權(quán)問題的政策上經(jīng)歷了多次反復,然始終未能徹底解決。清時安徽驛費經(jīng)額的多少與清朝驛費總額的變化有著密切聯(lián)系,大致經(jīng)歷了由多到少再趨于穩(wěn)定的態(tài)勢,在與其他省份驛費作對比后發(fā)現(xiàn),安徽省驛費總體稍顯不足,面臨如此困境,如何更好地發(fā)揮驛站在公文傳遞、官員接待、運輸餉銀、押解犯人、調(diào)防軍隊和發(fā)展地區(qū)經(jīng)濟等方面的功能以及如何形成有利于安徽省內(nèi)部、周邊省份乃至與中央政府之間的良性互動是一個值得深思的問題。鴉戰(zhàn)之后,中國出現(xiàn)幾千年未有之變局,隨著一系列不平等條約的簽訂,電報、郵政、鐵路、輪船等新式通信、交通工具也隨之而來,對傳統(tǒng)驛傳體系造成致命沖擊,最終難逃"裁驛歸郵"的命運。危機總是與時機相伴而生,在一片"裁驛歸郵"的浪聲中,安徽省成為晚清時期最早設(shè)立新式郵政、電報的省份之一,這就使得其郵驛事業(yè)在近代轉(zhuǎn)型中完成圓滿嬗變。
[Abstract]:This article takes the Qing Dynasty Anhui post as the research object, the time span from the Qing Dynasty Kangxi six years (AD 1667) Anhui formally established the province, to Xuantong three years (AD 1911) the Qing Dynasty collapse date, Its research area is based on Xuantong three years (A.D. 1911) under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province, that is, 13 county administrative districts (including 8 governments, 5 Zhilizhou), 55 county-level administrative districts (4 counties, 51 counties). The post system has been gradually perfected in the Qing Dynasty, whether at the central level of the Hun Pavilion, the Huanghua Post, the Jettison Office or the local level of the post, station, pond, Taiwan, the location, the shop, the vast territory, the variety of forms, the degree of development of the post road. Both of them are more complete than the former dynasties, among which the post station and the express delivery shop are the two main carriers which undertake the government information transmission, and the number of them is more than that of the other post forms. During the Qing Dynasty, the number of post stations and emergency berths in Anhui Province were 81 and 867, respectively. The distribution pattern of post stations was characterized by more and less north and south and larger scale of post stations in the north than in the south, with the Yangtze River as the boundary, but as the main transmission center and place. The number and distribution of general documents between local and local governments are quite different from those of post stations. The main reasons for affecting the number of post stations and express shops are politics, economy and military affairs, and the main reasons for the distribution pattern are political, economic and military. Natural and social factors such as geography. Based on the distribution pattern of 81 post stations, there are three main post roads formed on this basis: the north-south main line, which enters Jiangxi Post Road and the waterway, which together constitute the post network of Anhui Province with both water and land in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty post system has rich historical data, so as long as we carefully comb the relevant historical data, it is possible to interpret the rules and regulations of the Qing Dynasty post system. The Qing Dynasty Anhui post system involves postal symbols, post fees, post-journey, post-horse, post-car, post-ship, and it is possible to interpret the rules and regulations of the Qing-time post-post system. Post ban, post (and miscellaneous branches), program limits and many other items, and the post fee is one of the most critical. Post fee is the economic basis for maintaining the normal operation of the whole postal system. How to deal with the issue of post fee well and make it play its greatest role has troubled the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to Qianlong and then to the emperor Jiaqing. The Qing government has experienced many times over and over around the policy of controlling the right of post-payment, but it has never solved it completely. The amount of post fee in Qing Dynasty was closely related to the change of the total amount of post fee in Qing Dynasty, and generally experienced the trend of stabilization from more to less. After comparing with other provinces, it was found that the total cost of post in Anhui Province was a little less than that in other provinces. In the face of such a dilemma, how to make better use of the functions of post stations in the transmission of official documents, reception of officials, transport of pay silver, escort of prisoners, adjustment of the army and development of the regional economy, as well as how to form functions conducive to the interior of Anhui Province, The benign interaction between neighboring provinces and even with the central government is a question worth pondering. After the Opium War, China had changed for thousands of years. With the signing of a series of unequal treaties, new communications such as telegrams, postal services, railways, steamships and other new communications, means of transportation also followed, causing a fatal impact on the traditional post-transmission system. In the end, it is hard to escape the fate of "returning to post". The crisis is always accompanied by the opportunity. In a wave of "returning post to post", Anhui Province became one of the earliest provinces to set up new postal posts and telegrams in the late Qing Dynasty, which made its postal service complete its successful transformation in the modern transformation.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2440997
[Abstract]:This article takes the Qing Dynasty Anhui post as the research object, the time span from the Qing Dynasty Kangxi six years (AD 1667) Anhui formally established the province, to Xuantong three years (AD 1911) the Qing Dynasty collapse date, Its research area is based on Xuantong three years (A.D. 1911) under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province, that is, 13 county administrative districts (including 8 governments, 5 Zhilizhou), 55 county-level administrative districts (4 counties, 51 counties). The post system has been gradually perfected in the Qing Dynasty, whether at the central level of the Hun Pavilion, the Huanghua Post, the Jettison Office or the local level of the post, station, pond, Taiwan, the location, the shop, the vast territory, the variety of forms, the degree of development of the post road. Both of them are more complete than the former dynasties, among which the post station and the express delivery shop are the two main carriers which undertake the government information transmission, and the number of them is more than that of the other post forms. During the Qing Dynasty, the number of post stations and emergency berths in Anhui Province were 81 and 867, respectively. The distribution pattern of post stations was characterized by more and less north and south and larger scale of post stations in the north than in the south, with the Yangtze River as the boundary, but as the main transmission center and place. The number and distribution of general documents between local and local governments are quite different from those of post stations. The main reasons for affecting the number of post stations and express shops are politics, economy and military affairs, and the main reasons for the distribution pattern are political, economic and military. Natural and social factors such as geography. Based on the distribution pattern of 81 post stations, there are three main post roads formed on this basis: the north-south main line, which enters Jiangxi Post Road and the waterway, which together constitute the post network of Anhui Province with both water and land in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty post system has rich historical data, so as long as we carefully comb the relevant historical data, it is possible to interpret the rules and regulations of the Qing Dynasty post system. The Qing Dynasty Anhui post system involves postal symbols, post fees, post-journey, post-horse, post-car, post-ship, and it is possible to interpret the rules and regulations of the Qing-time post-post system. Post ban, post (and miscellaneous branches), program limits and many other items, and the post fee is one of the most critical. Post fee is the economic basis for maintaining the normal operation of the whole postal system. How to deal with the issue of post fee well and make it play its greatest role has troubled the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to Qianlong and then to the emperor Jiaqing. The Qing government has experienced many times over and over around the policy of controlling the right of post-payment, but it has never solved it completely. The amount of post fee in Qing Dynasty was closely related to the change of the total amount of post fee in Qing Dynasty, and generally experienced the trend of stabilization from more to less. After comparing with other provinces, it was found that the total cost of post in Anhui Province was a little less than that in other provinces. In the face of such a dilemma, how to make better use of the functions of post stations in the transmission of official documents, reception of officials, transport of pay silver, escort of prisoners, adjustment of the army and development of the regional economy, as well as how to form functions conducive to the interior of Anhui Province, The benign interaction between neighboring provinces and even with the central government is a question worth pondering. After the Opium War, China had changed for thousands of years. With the signing of a series of unequal treaties, new communications such as telegrams, postal services, railways, steamships and other new communications, means of transportation also followed, causing a fatal impact on the traditional post-transmission system. In the end, it is hard to escape the fate of "returning to post". The crisis is always accompanied by the opportunity. In a wave of "returning post to post", Anhui Province became one of the earliest provinces to set up new postal posts and telegrams in the late Qing Dynasty, which made its postal service complete its successful transformation in the modern transformation.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
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