【摘要】：德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)主義理論是后現(xiàn)代主義思潮的代表思想,它始于文學(xué)批評、哲學(xué)范疇,后期向社會科學(xué)擴(kuò)展,它對人類的思想、觀念、文化等諸多方面產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響,并在眾多領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)主義理論在今天看來依然具有很強(qiáng)的時代價值,這是筆者選擇本論題的原因所在。本文主要從四部分對德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)主義理論展開論述:第一部分中,本文介紹了德里達(dá)解構(gòu)主義理論的后現(xiàn)代背景和哲學(xué)淵源,揭示了其生成語境和解構(gòu)的對象;第二部分,筆者從德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)術(shù)語“蹤跡”“延異”“補(bǔ)充”著手展開論述德里達(dá)解構(gòu)的思維邏輯,其中尤為詳細(xì)的闡述了解構(gòu)主義理論的核心思想延異,以為后文馬克思的幽靈的出場做理論鋪墊。第三部分,引出了解構(gòu)主義和馬克思主義思想碰撞交織下產(chǎn)生的“幽靈學(xué)”理論,從闡述“幽靈學(xué)”的內(nèi)涵出發(fā)到分析其解構(gòu)策略再到揭示其釋放的異質(zhì)性精神,逐步對解構(gòu)的馬克思主義進(jìn)行深入的解讀。隨后解析了德里達(dá)《馬克思的幽靈》中的新國際思想,從中影射了解構(gòu)主義理論的未來面向--正義;在第四部分,筆者結(jié)合解構(gòu)主義理論與中國的關(guān)系,闡述了二者之間的相似性,并對德里達(dá)解構(gòu)的馬克思主義的現(xiàn)實意義做出了評價,以從整體上把握德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)主義理論思想。德里達(dá)的解構(gòu)思想存在著早晚分期,不同的思想階段有不同的側(cè)重點。早期主要側(cè)重在顛覆形而上學(xué)上,晚期他的思想重心轉(zhuǎn)向政治實踐。早期的他批判結(jié)構(gòu)主義,指出結(jié)構(gòu)主義企圖通過現(xiàn)象直窺深層文本內(nèi)涵的文本解讀方式依然擺脫不了形而上學(xué)的束縛,并進(jìn)而在對現(xiàn)象學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)主義的質(zhì)疑中展開他的解構(gòu)邏輯,逐步顛覆了形而上學(xué)的正統(tǒng)地位。晚期的他將解構(gòu)的領(lǐng)域從文本擴(kuò)大到社會實踐。蘇東劇變后,資本主義彈冠相慶,馬克思主義遭到遺棄和邊緣化。德里達(dá)不滿于此,對福山的馬克思主義“終結(jié)論”進(jìn)行有力的批判,指出解構(gòu)主義與馬克思主義的具有高度的相似性,并由此提出他的“幽靈學(xué)”理論,告訴我們馬克思主義不會消亡,我們作為馬克思主義繼承人有責(zé)任繼承其遺產(chǎn)。與此同時提出具有實踐意義的新國際,指出解構(gòu)的未來直指正義,解構(gòu)主義與馬克思主義的結(jié)合體現(xiàn)了他的政治學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向。從德里達(dá)所處的時代背景看來,他所處的時代下正統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)思想大肆其道,使得解構(gòu)主義只能以邊緣性的身份介入,通過對胡塞爾現(xiàn)象學(xué)、海德格爾存在哲學(xué)、馬克思文本等經(jīng)典著作的批判性解讀和以邊緣顛覆中心話語的解構(gòu)策略使解構(gòu)主義理論逐漸成為時代主流,在豐富和發(fā)展了馬克思主義理論的同時在時下眾多領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)它的無限價值。
[Abstract]:Derrida's deconstruction theory is the representative thought of postmodernism. It begins with literary criticism, philosophical category and later expansion to social science. It has a great influence on human thought, concept, culture and so on. And has been widely used in many fields. Derrida's theory of deconstruction is still of great value today, which is the reason why the author chose this thesis. This paper mainly discusses Derrida's deconstruction theory from four parts: in the first part, this paper introduces the post-modern background and philosophical origin of Derrida's deconstruction theory, and reveals its generating context and deconstruction object; In the second part, the author starts from Derrida's deconstruction term "trace", "extension" and "supplement" to discuss the thinking logic of Derrida's deconstruction. To make a theoretical foundation for the appearance of the ghost of Marx. In the third part, the author draws out the theory of "ghost", which is produced by the collision of deconstruction and Marxism, from expounding the connotation of "ghost" to analyzing its deconstruction strategy to revealing the spirit of heterogeneity released by it. Gradually the deconstruction of Marxism in-depth interpretation. Then it analyzes the new international thought in Derrida's "the ghost of Marx", from which the theory of deconstructionism faces justice in the future. In the fourth part, the author expounds the similarity between the deconstruction theory and China, and evaluates the realistic significance of Derrida's deconstruction of Marxism. In order to grasp Derrida's theory of deconstruction as a whole. Derrida's deconstruction thought has different emphases in different stages. In the early period, he mainly focused on subversive metaphysics, and in the late period his thought center turned to political practice. In his early criticism of structuralism, he pointed out that structuralism is still unable to get rid of the bondage of metaphysics in its attempt to read the text through phenomena. And then in the questioning of phenomenology and structuralism his deconstruction logic gradually subverts the orthodox position of metaphysics. Later he expanded the field of deconstruction from text to social practice. After the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe, capitalism was jubilant and Marxism was abandoned and marginalized. Derrida, dissatisfied with this, criticizes Fukuyama's theory of the end of Marxism, points out that deconstruction has a high similarity with Marxism, and puts forward his theory of "ghost". Tell us that Marxism will not die, we as successors to Marxism has a responsibility to inherit its inheritance. At the same time, the author points out that the future of deconstruction refers to justice, and the combination of deconstruction and Marxism reflects his political turn. According to the background of Derrida's time, the orthodox academic thought of Derrida in his time is rampant, so that deconstruction can only intervene as marginal. Through the analysis of Husserl's phenomenology, Heidegger's existential philosophy. The critical interpretation of classical works such as Marx's texts and the deconstruction strategy of subversive central discourse make deconstruction theory gradually become the mainstream of the times. While enriching and developing Marxist theory, it shows its infinite value in many fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B565.59

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