日本熊本縣水俁病公害問題研究（1956年-1959年）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 13:23
【摘要】：1950年代隨著日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇,工業(yè)化進(jìn)度呈現(xiàn)高速發(fā)展。又由于政府重視化學(xué)工業(yè)對(duì)其他工業(yè)供給基礎(chǔ)原料的作用,因此對(duì)化學(xué)工業(yè)有著格外的照顧。但是作為一個(gè)以化學(xué)物品反應(yīng)作為基本生產(chǎn)工藝的工業(yè)部門,其生產(chǎn)的廢料對(duì)于環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的破壞作用遠(yuǎn)較于其它部門更為顯著。其中,1956年在熊本縣水俁市所爆發(fā)的水俁病公害事件就是其中典型的代表。關(guān)于1956年的熊本縣水俁病公害事件研究,可以根據(jù)參與的主體,從施害方的水俁工廠、受害方的水俁病病人和水俁市漁民以及斡旋方的市縣政府三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究。從工廠方來看,其自身以城市建設(shè)的功臣自居,并因此獲得了市政府與未受害的市民的支持,從而在事件的處理過程中始終處優(yōu)勢(shì)的地位,并且在50年代逃脫了應(yīng)有的處罰;從受害方來看,受害者分裂成為訴求各異的幾個(gè)群體,彼此間缺乏互助,也分散了運(yùn)動(dòng)的力量,最終使得其訴求沒有得到根本的滿足;從政府方面看,無論是地方政府還是中央政府,都從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的考慮,采取了息事寧人,包庇元兇的態(tài)度,使得受害者沒有獲得足夠的社會(huì)關(guān)注和行政上的幫助,最終使得熊本縣水俁病事件沒有得到妥善解決。公害問題在60年代在日本其他地區(qū)爆發(fā),成為全國(guó)性的社會(huì)事件。盡管50年代水俁病公害問題還停留在日本的西南一隅,但是從中不難看出一些日后公害問題引起社會(huì)關(guān)注的端倪。從施害方與受害方的關(guān)系來看涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與公共利益之間的抉擇矛盾;而從政府與雙方之間的關(guān)系來看,又涉及政治決策與社會(huì)道德的矛盾。這些矛盾不僅出現(xiàn)在50年代的熊本縣,在之后的反公害運(yùn)動(dòng)中成為整個(gè)日本社會(huì)所面對(duì)的矛盾。而在50年代的受害者身上體現(xiàn)的階層分化,也是隨著日本經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在60、70年代所體現(xiàn)的社會(huì)特征。因此50年代的熊本水俁病公害事件折射著日本戰(zhàn)后隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而帶來的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變化后,日本政府所面對(duì)的社會(huì)公益與政治決策的考量。
[Abstract]:With the recovery of the Japanese economy in the 1950 s, the progress of industrialization developed at a high speed. Because the government attaches great importance to the role of chemical industry in supplying basic raw materials to other industries, it pays special attention to chemical industry. However, as a industrial sector with chemical reaction as the basic production process, the environmental damage caused by the waste produced by the industrial sector is much more significant than that in other sectors. Among them, in 1956 Minamata City, Kumamoto County outbreak of Minamata disease pollution event is a typical representative. The study on Minamata disease pollution event in Kumamoto County in 1956 can be studied from three aspects: the victim's Minamata factory, the victim's Minamata disease patient and the fishermen of Minamata City, and the city and county government of the mediation side. From the factory side, its own as a meritorious person in urban construction, and thus obtained the support of the municipal government and the unvictimized citizens, thus always in the process of handling the incident in the position of advantage, and in the 1950s to escape due punishment; From the perspective of the aggrieved side, the victims split into several groups with different demands, lack of mutual assistance among each other, and scattered the strength of the movement, which ultimately made their demands not to be fundamentally satisfied; From the point of view of the government, both the local government and the central government have taken the attitude of tranquillity and sheltering the culprits from the consideration of economic development, so that the victims have not received sufficient social attention and administrative help. Eventually make Kumamata County Minamata disease incident has not been properly resolved. The pollution problem erupted in other parts of Japan in the 1960 s and became a national social event. Although the problem of Minamata disease in the 1950s is still in a corner of southwest Japan, it is not difficult to see some signs of public concern in the future. From the perspective of the relationship between the victimizer and the aggrieved party, the contradiction between economic interests and public interests is involved, while the relationship between the government and the two parties is concerned with the contradiction between political decision and social morality. These contradictions not only appeared in Kumamoto Prefecture in the 1950s, but also became contradictions faced by the whole Japanese society. The stratification embodied in the victims in the 1950s was also the social characteristic of Japan's economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. Therefore, the disaster of Minamata disease in Kumamata disease in the 1950s reflected the changes in social structure brought about by Japan's postwar economic development, and the consideration of social welfare and political decision made by the Japanese government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K313.5
本文編號(hào)：2302347
[Abstract]:With the recovery of the Japanese economy in the 1950 s, the progress of industrialization developed at a high speed. Because the government attaches great importance to the role of chemical industry in supplying basic raw materials to other industries, it pays special attention to chemical industry. However, as a industrial sector with chemical reaction as the basic production process, the environmental damage caused by the waste produced by the industrial sector is much more significant than that in other sectors. Among them, in 1956 Minamata City, Kumamoto County outbreak of Minamata disease pollution event is a typical representative. The study on Minamata disease pollution event in Kumamoto County in 1956 can be studied from three aspects: the victim's Minamata factory, the victim's Minamata disease patient and the fishermen of Minamata City, and the city and county government of the mediation side. From the factory side, its own as a meritorious person in urban construction, and thus obtained the support of the municipal government and the unvictimized citizens, thus always in the process of handling the incident in the position of advantage, and in the 1950s to escape due punishment; From the perspective of the aggrieved side, the victims split into several groups with different demands, lack of mutual assistance among each other, and scattered the strength of the movement, which ultimately made their demands not to be fundamentally satisfied; From the point of view of the government, both the local government and the central government have taken the attitude of tranquillity and sheltering the culprits from the consideration of economic development, so that the victims have not received sufficient social attention and administrative help. Eventually make Kumamata County Minamata disease incident has not been properly resolved. The pollution problem erupted in other parts of Japan in the 1960 s and became a national social event. Although the problem of Minamata disease in the 1950s is still in a corner of southwest Japan, it is not difficult to see some signs of public concern in the future. From the perspective of the relationship between the victimizer and the aggrieved party, the contradiction between economic interests and public interests is involved, while the relationship between the government and the two parties is concerned with the contradiction between political decision and social morality. These contradictions not only appeared in Kumamoto Prefecture in the 1950s, but also became contradictions faced by the whole Japanese society. The stratification embodied in the victims in the 1950s was also the social characteristic of Japan's economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. Therefore, the disaster of Minamata disease in Kumamata disease in the 1950s reflected the changes in social structure brought about by Japan's postwar economic development, and the consideration of social welfare and political decision made by the Japanese government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K313.5
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