【摘要】：杰羅姆.大衛(wèi).塞林格在美國(guó)當(dāng)代文壇占有獨(dú)特的地位,備受學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注。其成名小說(shuō)《麥田里的守望者》一直是西方評(píng)論界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界也越來(lái)越重視塞林格作為美國(guó)戰(zhàn)后重要作家的地位和影響。國(guó)外的評(píng)論與研究相當(dāng)豐富,主要是從小說(shuō)主題、社會(huì)與政治和女性主義的角度去解讀。在國(guó)外,精神分析也是一種常用的方法,但很少有人從新精神分析的角度去解讀主人公的焦慮情結(jié)。相較于國(guó)外,國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于新精神分析的研究更是寥寥無(wú)幾。新精神分析是美國(guó)上世紀(jì)四十年代從精神分析運(yùn)動(dòng)中分離出來(lái)的一個(gè)心理學(xué)流派,是對(duì)古典精神分析的繼承和發(fā)展。從繼承上來(lái)看,新精神分析是以古典精神分析為基礎(chǔ),延續(xù)了一些概念和觀點(diǎn),如"潛意識(shí)"、人格結(jié)構(gòu)的三段論、在人格發(fā)展問(wèn)題上劃分不同階段進(jìn)行研究、重視早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)等。從發(fā)展上來(lái)看,新精神分析更注重社會(huì)文化因素對(duì)人格的影響,弱化了弗洛伊德的泛性論,如阿德勒提出"自卑感及補(bǔ)償"作為人格的動(dòng)力;人格結(jié)構(gòu)上新精神分析學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)自我的獨(dú)立性和自主性,而不是依附于本我;新精神分析學(xué)派還賦予人性更多積極的特征,認(rèn)為性本善;另外,新精神分析學(xué)派不把兒童的早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)作為人格的決定性因素,認(rèn)為人格是持續(xù)發(fā)展的.本文以新精神分析為理論框架,重點(diǎn)解讀塞林格的著名小說(shuō)《麥田里的守望者》中主人公霍爾頓的焦慮情結(jié)。運(yùn)用霍妮新精神分析中的基本焦慮觀點(diǎn)分析主人公從青少年過(guò)渡到成年過(guò)程中的迷茫與焦慮,旨在說(shuō)明不論是霍爾頓在紐約的三天游蕩還是最后做出的回家的選擇,都反映了其內(nèi)心的沖突與矛盾,這些矛盾在人的心理上產(chǎn)生的后果即基本焦慮。其次,霍妮認(rèn)為導(dǎo)致這些內(nèi)心沖突與矛盾的基礎(chǔ)是現(xiàn)存社會(huì)文化的矛盾。第三,為了減輕基本焦慮,人就產(chǎn)生了一些潛意識(shí)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力量即心理需要,不同的人偏執(zhí)于不同的心理需要,就形成了不同的性格�；裟輰⑵錃w類為以下三種性格:順從型、攻擊型和退縮型。最后,結(jié)合作品分析,愛(ài)和歸家是霍爾頓減輕焦慮的最好解決辦法。通過(guò)對(duì)《麥田里的守望者》主人公焦慮的新精神分析解讀,本文一方面給這部小說(shuō)的研究與解讀提供了一個(gè)新的視角;另一方面,新精神分析打破傳統(tǒng)精神分析的界限,為以后文學(xué)作品研究提供了新的理論和思路。同時(shí),這對(duì)以后中國(guó)文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作指出了一個(gè)新方向。
[Abstract]:Jerome David Salinger occupies a unique position in the contemporary American literary world and has attracted much attention from academic circles. His famous novel Catcher in the Rye has always been the focus of western critics. In recent years, the domestic academic circles also pay more and more attention to Salinger's position and influence as an important American postwar writer. Foreign comments and studies are abundant, mainly from the perspective of novel theme, society and politics and feminism. Psychoanalysis is also a common method in foreign countries, but few people interpret the anxiety complex of the protagonist from the perspective of new psychoanalysis. Compared with foreign countries, there are few researches on new psychoanalysis in China. The new psychoanalysis is a psychological school separated from the psychoanalysis movement in the 1940s, which inherits and develops the classical psychoanalysis. From the perspective of inheritance, Neo-Psychoanalysis is based on classical psychoanalysis and continues some concepts and viewpoints, such as "subconscious", syllogism of personality structure, and studies on different stages of personality development. Attach importance to early experience, etc. From the point of view of development, the new psychoanalysis pays more attention to the influence of social and cultural factors on personality, which weakens Freud's theory of universality, such as Adler's idea of "inferiority complex and compensation" as the motive force of personality; In personality structure, the new psychoanalysis emphasizes the independence and autonomy of self, rather than depending on the ego, and the new psychoanalysis school also gives more positive features to human nature, and holds that the nature is good. In addition, the Neo-Psychoanalytic School does not regard children's early experience as the decisive factor of personality. Taking the new psychoanalysis as the theoretical framework, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the anxiety complex of the protagonist Holden in Salinger's famous novel the Catcher in the Rye. Using the basic anxiety viewpoint of Honey's New Psychoanalysis to analyze the protagonists' confusion and anxiety in their transition from adolescence to adulthood, the purpose of this analysis is to illustrate whether Holden's three days of wandering in New York or his final choice to go home. Both reflect their inner conflicts and contradictions, the psychological consequences of these contradictions are basic anxiety. Secondly, Honey believes that the foundation of these inner conflicts is the contradiction of existing social culture. Third, in order to alleviate the basic anxiety, people have some subconscious driving force, that is, psychological needs, different people are paranoid to different psychological needs, forming different personality. Honey classifies it as three types of personality: submissive, aggressive, and retreating. Finally, combining the work analysis, love and home is Holden's best solution to ease anxiety. Through the new psychoanalysis of the anxiety of the protagonists in the Catcher in the Rye, this paper provides a new perspective for the study and interpretation of the novel; On the other hand, the new psychoanalysis breaks the boundary of traditional psychoanalysis and provides new theories and ideas for the later study of literary works. At the same time, it points out a new direction for the later creation of Chinese literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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