對《習近平談治國理政》中文化專有項的德語翻譯進行批評
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-25 12:20
【摘要】：本文主要是從功能翻譯理論角度對《習近平談治國理政》中文化專有項的德語翻譯進行批評。翻譯功能理論的發(fā)展總體可以分為四個階段。在第一階段,凱特琳娜·萊斯引入了"功能"這一概念,提出了文本類型說,這為該理論的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在第二階段,漢斯·弗米爾明確地提出了目的論,即目的至上原則。第三階段,賈斯塔·霍茨·曼塔利基于社會行為理論,提出了翻譯行為理論。第四階段,克里斯蒂安·諾德提出了"功能+忠誠"的原則,進一步完善了功能翻譯理論�！读暯秸勚螄碚肥侵袊涡晕谋镜拇碜髌�,該書德譯本的主要功能是向德語國家傳達中國的內(nèi)政外交政策,從而使之更準確、更全面地認識中國。由此來看,該書的主要功能是傳達信息,屬于信息型文本。根據(jù)功能翻譯理論,在進行德語翻譯時,譯者應當首先做到完整、準確地傳遞信息,在此基礎(chǔ)上,應盡量保留中國政治文本的形式和文化特點。該書的風格和內(nèi)容時而俏皮幽默,時而發(fā)人深省,這主要是得益于文中中國文化專有項的使用。與文學作品相比,該書中的文化專有項文字所占比例極低,尚不到全書文字的1.2%,但是它們在文中卻起到了畫龍點睛的作用。中外學者分別對文化專有項進行了定義,并各自總結(jié)出了相應的翻譯策略。在此基礎(chǔ)上,筆者結(jié)合自己的研究對象,確定出了文化專有項的三個特點:1.是一個單詞、詞組或語段;2.是某一文化集體所特有的,即不了解源語的讀者僅通過字譯無法對其準確理解;3.具有比喻或象征意義。在本論文中,筆者共區(qū)分了四類文化專有項,即詩歌、專有名詞、熟語和中國特有的修辭,它們分別適用于不同的翻譯方法。文化專有項的翻譯對于譯者來說一直比較棘手。本書的德語譯本是由中國中央文獻研究室和中國外文局的優(yōu)秀譯者共同完成的。在一定程度上,該譯本也是中國官方政治文獻翻譯的代表。在本論文中,筆者借鑒了包漢毅教授在其博士論文中所提出的十二項熟語翻譯策略,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,對其又做了一些修改和補充。原因是,本論文的研究對象為文化專有項,包教授所研究的熟語只是其下位概念;另外,從功能翻譯理論來看,《習近平談治國理政》的功能也與其不同。為了更好地實現(xiàn)該書的首要功能,也即傳遞信息,筆者基于包教授的觀點總結(jié)出了自己的十一種翻譯方法,即音譯、音譯+有改動的闡釋、音譯+闡釋、字譯+有改動的闡釋、字譯+闡釋、有改動的字譯、有改動的字譯+有改動的闡釋、有改動的字譯+闡釋、意譯、改寫和刪除。在翻譯的過程中,對于詩歌、專有名詞、熟語和中國特有的修辭,分別是有改動的字譯+有改動的闡釋、音譯+有改動的闡釋、意譯和意譯更有利于它們各自功能的實現(xiàn)。筆者所區(qū)分的十一種翻譯方法與包教授所提出的十二種方法的主要區(qū)別在于,本文中出現(xiàn)了與音譯相關(guān)的翻譯技巧,但僅適用于專有名詞的翻譯。而且,這里沒有出現(xiàn)字譯,因為根據(jù)所確定的文化專有項的第二條特點可知,不了解源語的讀者僅通過字譯并不能準確理解各專有項。不同種類的文化專有項適用于不同的翻譯方法,同一類文化專有項所使用的各類翻譯方法的比例也不同。筆者對德譯本中各類文化專有項所運用的翻譯策略進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計后得出,在翻譯詩歌、專有名詞、熟語和中國特有的修辭時,分別使用有改動的字譯+有改動的闡釋、音譯+有改動的闡釋、意譯和意譯更有利于各自功能的實現(xiàn)。另外,筆者通過翻譯批評總結(jié)出,譯本中絕大部分的文化專有項翻譯都實現(xiàn)了傳遞信息的功能,因而整體說來是成功的譯本。但是其中也有少量的錯誤翻譯不容忽視,音譯方法也有待于改進。總而言之,該書中各類文化專有項所對應的翻譯方法可以為同類政治文本中文化專有項的翻譯起到很好的參照作用。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly criticizes the German translation of culture-specific items in Xi Jinping's Talk about Governing Countries and Politics from the perspective of functional translation theory. The development of functional translation theory can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, Catherine Rice introduced the concept of "function" and put forward the theory of text type, which laid a foundation for the development of this theory. Basis. In the second stage, Hans Vermeer explicitly put forward Skopos Theory, that is, Skopos First Principle. In the third stage, Jasta Hotz Mantali put forward translation behavior theory based on social behavior theory. In the fourth stage, Christian Nord put forward the principle of "function + loyalty" and further improved the functional translation theory. The main function of the German translation of the book is to convey China's internal and foreign policies to the German-speaking countries, so as to make them more accurate and comprehensive in understanding China. On the basis of this, the translator should try to preserve the form and cultural features of the Chinese political text. The style and content of the book are sometimes witty and humorous, sometimes thought-provoking. This is mainly due to the use of the Chinese cultural items in the text. Compared with the literary works, the text in the book is better. Chinese and foreign scholars have defined the culture-specific items and summarized the corresponding translation strategies. On this basis, combined with their own research objects, the author identifies three culture-specific items. There are four characteristics: 1. a word, phrase or paragraph; 2. it is unique to a certain cultural group, that is, readers who do not understand the source language can not accurately understand it only through word translation; 3. it is metaphorical or symbolic. The German version of this book is co-produced by the Chinese Central Documentation Research Institute and the Chinese Foreign Language Bureau. To a certain extent, this translation is also a representative of the translation of Chinese official political documents. Based on the twelve idiom translation strategies put forward by Professor Bao Hanyi in his doctoral dissertation, some modifications and supplements have been made to them. Based on Professor Bao's point of view, the author summarizes 11 translation methods, namely transliteration, transliteration plus altered interpretation, transliteration plus interpretation, word translation plus altered interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation with altered translation plus alteration. In the process of translation, there are altered word translation + interpretation, free translation, rewriting and deletion. For poetry, proper nouns, idioms and Chinese-specific rhetoric, there are altered word translation + altered interpretation, transliteration + altered interpretation, free translation and free translation are more conducive to the realization of their respective functions. The main difference between the method and the twelve methods proposed by Professor Bao is that there are transliteration-related translation techniques in this paper, but they are only applicable to proper nouns. Moreover, there is no word translation here, because according to the second characteristic of the identified culture-specific items, readers who do not understand the source language can not only translate by word. Different kinds of culture-specific items apply to different translation methods, and the proportions of different translation methods used in the same kind of culture-specific items are also different. In addition, the author concludes through translation criticism that the vast majority of the translation of culture-specific items in the translated texts have achieved the function of conveying information, so as to be a successful translation as a whole. However, there are also a few errors in the translation, and the transliteration method needs to be improved. In a word, the translation methods corresponding to the cultural items in the book can serve as a good reference for the translation of the cultural items in the political texts of the same kind.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H33
[Abstract]:This paper mainly criticizes the German translation of culture-specific items in Xi Jinping's Talk about Governing Countries and Politics from the perspective of functional translation theory. The development of functional translation theory can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, Catherine Rice introduced the concept of "function" and put forward the theory of text type, which laid a foundation for the development of this theory. Basis. In the second stage, Hans Vermeer explicitly put forward Skopos Theory, that is, Skopos First Principle. In the third stage, Jasta Hotz Mantali put forward translation behavior theory based on social behavior theory. In the fourth stage, Christian Nord put forward the principle of "function + loyalty" and further improved the functional translation theory. The main function of the German translation of the book is to convey China's internal and foreign policies to the German-speaking countries, so as to make them more accurate and comprehensive in understanding China. On the basis of this, the translator should try to preserve the form and cultural features of the Chinese political text. The style and content of the book are sometimes witty and humorous, sometimes thought-provoking. This is mainly due to the use of the Chinese cultural items in the text. Compared with the literary works, the text in the book is better. Chinese and foreign scholars have defined the culture-specific items and summarized the corresponding translation strategies. On this basis, combined with their own research objects, the author identifies three culture-specific items. There are four characteristics: 1. a word, phrase or paragraph; 2. it is unique to a certain cultural group, that is, readers who do not understand the source language can not accurately understand it only through word translation; 3. it is metaphorical or symbolic. The German version of this book is co-produced by the Chinese Central Documentation Research Institute and the Chinese Foreign Language Bureau. To a certain extent, this translation is also a representative of the translation of Chinese official political documents. Based on the twelve idiom translation strategies put forward by Professor Bao Hanyi in his doctoral dissertation, some modifications and supplements have been made to them. Based on Professor Bao's point of view, the author summarizes 11 translation methods, namely transliteration, transliteration plus altered interpretation, transliteration plus interpretation, word translation plus altered interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation with altered translation plus alteration. In the process of translation, there are altered word translation + interpretation, free translation, rewriting and deletion. For poetry, proper nouns, idioms and Chinese-specific rhetoric, there are altered word translation + altered interpretation, transliteration + altered interpretation, free translation and free translation are more conducive to the realization of their respective functions. The main difference between the method and the twelve methods proposed by Professor Bao is that there are transliteration-related translation techniques in this paper, but they are only applicable to proper nouns. Moreover, there is no word translation here, because according to the second characteristic of the identified culture-specific items, readers who do not understand the source language can not only translate by word. Different kinds of culture-specific items apply to different translation methods, and the proportions of different translation methods used in the same kind of culture-specific items are also different. In addition, the author concludes through translation criticism that the vast majority of the translation of culture-specific items in the translated texts have achieved the function of conveying information, so as to be a successful translation as a whole. However, there are also a few errors in the translation, and the transliteration method needs to be improved. In a word, the translation methods corresponding to the cultural items in the book can serve as a good reference for the translation of the cultural items in the political texts of the same kind.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H33
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