【摘要】：《漢書·景帝紀(jì)》贊曰:"周云成康,漢言文景,美矣! "自此之后,文景之治的美名不脛而走,被歷代史學(xué)家所稱道。然而史學(xué)家們研究文景之治大多以文景兩帝合論,并往往把漢文帝的研究作為重點(diǎn),而景帝則因一句"景帝遵業(yè)"成為了文帝政策的繼承者,被后世史學(xué)家以蕭規(guī)曹隨的眼光看待,甚至被看作庸主、中主。實(shí)際上,漢景帝絕非庸主、中主,其功績(jī)也不能僅僅用"遵業(yè)"一詞概括。漢文帝時(shí)期,黃老之治在恢復(fù)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)的同時(shí),也積累了許多社會(huì)問題。賈誼在《治安策》中指出了諸侯僭擬、匈奴南侵、豪強(qiáng)勢(shì)大、社會(huì)重末輕本以致國(guó)民皆困等諸多問題,言明此時(shí)局勢(shì)猶"抱火厝之積薪之下而寢其上",但這些問題在文帝時(shí)期都沒能得到很好的解決,鑒于此,漢景帝在繼位之后開始進(jìn)行改革。漢景帝的改革可分為兩個(gè)階段,第一階段是晁錯(cuò)改革,晁錯(cuò)首先打擊軍功集團(tuán)以加強(qiáng)皇權(quán),但尚未成功便因袁盎受賄案案發(fā)、吳王謀反意圖泄露而被打斷,不得不提前削藩,導(dǎo)致七國(guó)之亂爆發(fā),其后,軍功集團(tuán)以軍隊(duì)為依仗逼景帝誅殺晁錯(cuò)。這一改革雖因晁錯(cuò)之死而結(jié)束,但漢景帝借得勝之威,大幅削弱了山東諸侯國(guó),并扶植起了依附于自己的新勢(shì)力。第二階段在景帝中后期,漢景帝與梁王、朝臣的矛盾因栗太子事件再次爆發(fā),這次景帝采取較為溫和的方式,逐步奪取軍權(quán)、削弱軍功集團(tuán)與諸侯王,并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展強(qiáng)國(guó)之政:經(jīng)濟(jì)上,藏富于國(guó),擴(kuò)展賦稅來源,加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)管控;吏治上,嚴(yán)懲犯法官員,平反冤獄,加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督;軍事上,誘降匈奴,廣置馬苑,選任得力邊郡長(zhǎng)官,加強(qiáng)邊郡地區(qū)防御與反擊能力。景帝朝的改革不但解決了文帝朝所遺留的社會(huì)問題,更使?jié)h王朝發(fā)生了巨大的變化:一方面,隨著軍功集團(tuán)的消亡、諸侯國(guó)逐漸郡縣化,漢景帝完成了從"共天下"到"私天下"的轉(zhuǎn)變;另一方面,大量富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵政策的實(shí)施,使?jié)h王朝國(guó)力迅速提升,為漢武盛世奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),實(shí)為武帝轉(zhuǎn)變統(tǒng)治政策的先聲。
[Abstract]:King King of the Han Dynasty: "Zhou Yuncheng Kang, Han language style and scenery, beautiful!" "since then, the name of Wen Jing Zhi has spread like wildfire, and has been praised by historians of all dynasties. However, historians mostly study the governance of literature and scenery, and tend to focus on the study of Emperor Wen in the Han Dynasty, and King Emperor has become the successor of Emperor Wen's policy because of a phrase "King Emperor obeys industry". It was regarded by the later historians as Xiao Cao followed, and even as the mediocre master. In fact, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty was by no means mediocre, and his achievements could not only be summed up by the word "obeying karma". During the period of Emperor Wen, Huang-Lao Zhi also accumulated a lot of social problems while resuming social production. Jia Yi pointed out in the Public Security Policy that the princes arrogantly, the Xiongnu invaded the south, was powerful and powerful, and the society was so heavy that the people were all trapped. It is clear that the situation at this time is still "under the accumulated salary of holding fire houses", but these problems were not well solved in the period of Emperor Wen. In view of this, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty began to carry out the reform after taking over the throne. The reform of Emperor Jingdi in the Han Dynasty can be divided into two stages. The first stage was Chao Chao's reform. Chao Chao first cracked down on the military Gong Group in order to strengthen the imperial power, but before he had succeeded, he was interrupted by Yuan Ang's bribery case, and King Wu was interrupted by the leak of his rebellious intent, and he had to cut off the vassals in advance. Led to the outbreak of chaos in the Seven Kingdoms, later, the military to rely on the military King King Zhu Zhu Chao Co. Although this reform ended with the death of Chao Cuo, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty greatly weakened the emperors of Shandong and established a new force dependent on him. In the second stage, in the middle and late period of King King, the conflict between King Emperor of the Han Dynasty and King of Liang and courtiers broke out again because of the Crown Prince Chestnut incident. This time King King took a more moderate approach and gradually seized military power and weakened the Jungong Group and the kings of the throne. And to further develop the policies of powerful countries: economically, to store wealth in the country, to expand the sources of taxation, to strengthen economic control; to severely punish officials who break the law, to rehabilitate criminal officials, and to strengthen supervision; and militarily, to induce the Xiongnu to descend, and to extensively purchase Ma Yuan. Select a powerful Bian county governor to strengthen the regional defense and counter-attack capabilities of Bian County. The reform of King King not only solved the social problems left by Emperor Wen, but also made great changes in the Han Dynasty. On the other hand, the implementation of the policy of strengthening the armed forces of a large number of rich countries made the national strength of the Han Dynasty rise rapidly, which laid a solid foundation for the prosperous period of the Han Dynasty. In fact, it was the forerunner of Emperor Wu's transformation of ruling policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K234.1

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1 劉宇辰;西漢景帝朝改革與漢景帝歷史地位新論[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2017年

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