本文選題：乒乓球 + Hick定律��； 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域中,開(kāi)放性技能運(yùn)動(dòng)常常要求非�？斓姆磻�(yīng),高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要十分精準(zhǔn)地?fù)舸虻娇焖僖苿?dòng)的球。在這種反應(yīng)時(shí)間壓力下,預(yù)判能力成為一種對(duì)于致勝來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的能力。運(yùn)用專家-新手范式,大量研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)了專家預(yù)判優(yōu)勢(shì)的存在。針對(duì)專家預(yù)判優(yōu)勢(shì)主要有兩種解釋:選擇性注意和信息整合。高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以將注意集中于某些環(huán)境信息而忽略其他信息,同時(shí)也可以將環(huán)境中獨(dú)立存在的信息進(jìn)行整合處理,通過(guò)這兩種假設(shè)都可以推測(cè)出專家預(yù)判會(huì)導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)選擇量的減少。為了驗(yàn)證上述假設(shè),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)新的線索提示實(shí)驗(yàn)范式。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)為先向被試呈現(xiàn)一段乒乓球視頻,隨后被試進(jìn)行九選一的選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)。乒乓球視頻中球的落點(diǎn)與九選一任務(wù)中目標(biāo)刺激出現(xiàn)的位置可能保持一致(有效線索組),也有可能不一致(無(wú)效線索組),保持一致的概率為75%�；贖ick定律,我們可以利用反應(yīng)時(shí)推算出反應(yīng)選擇量。實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象分為專家組和新手組,專家組由17名國(guó)家二級(jí)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成,新手組由17名沒(méi)有專業(yè)訓(xùn)練經(jīng)驗(yàn)的普通大學(xué)生組成。結(jié)果得出:(1)組別和線索有效性的交互對(duì)于發(fā)球預(yù)判顯著,F(2,32)=5.104,p=0.031,對(duì)于攻球預(yù)判也顯著,F(2,32)=7.356,p=0.01。對(duì)于發(fā)球視頻組,專家和新手都利用乒乓球視頻中呈現(xiàn)的信息進(jìn)行提前預(yù)判,在九選一的選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)中反應(yīng)選擇量減少到了9以下,但專家組被試減少的反應(yīng)選擇量更多,t(32)=-4.312,p0.001。對(duì)于攻球視頻組,只有專家的反應(yīng)選擇量會(huì)因?yàn)橛行Ь�索而減少。(2)隨著乒乓球視頻信息的增長(zhǎng),對(duì)新手組反應(yīng)選擇量沒(méi)有影響,但專家組減少的反應(yīng)選擇量更多。這一結(jié)果在發(fā)球視頻中成立,F(2,48)=25.746,p0.01,在攻球視頻中也成立,F(2,48)=3.301,p0.05。本研究的結(jié)論為專家預(yù)判優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)選擇量的進(jìn)一步減少,同時(shí)利用不斷增多的信息來(lái)逐步縮小自己的選擇范圍。
[Abstract]:In the field of sports, open skills often require a very fast response, and high level athletes need to hit the ball with great precision. In this reaction time pressure, the ability to predict a very important ability to win. Using the expert-novice paradigm, a large number of studies have confirmed the existence of expert predictive advantage. There are two main explanations for the advantages of expert prejudgment: selective attention and information integration. High-level athletes can focus on some environmental information while ignoring others, and can also integrate information that exists independently in the environment. It can be inferred from both hypotheses that expert prejudgment will lead to a decrease in the amount of response selection. To verify the above hypothesis, we designed a new cue-cue experimental paradigm. The experiment was designed to present a table tennis video to the participants, and then to perform the task of selecting one from nine. The position of the ball in the table tennis video may be consistent with the position of the target stimulus in the nine-choice task (the effective cue group may or may not be consistent) (the invalid cue group, the probability of consistency is 75%). Based on Hick's law, we can use the reaction time to calculate the reaction selection. The experimental subjects were divided into expert group and novice group. The expert group was composed of 17 national second-level table tennis players, and the novice group was composed of 17 ordinary college students without professional training experience. The results show that the interaction between the group and the validity of cues is significant in the prediction of serve, and in the prediction of attacking ball, it is also significant in the prediction of attacking ball, which is 7.356p0. 01. The results show that: (1) the interaction between the group and the cues effectiveness is significant in the prediction of serve / 5.104 / 0.031, respectively. For the serve video group, both experts and novices use the information presented in the table tennis video to predict ahead of time, reducing the response selection amount to less than 9 in the selection task of Nine selections, but reducing the number of response selections to 4.312p0.001. For the attacking video group, only the expert response selection will be reduced because of effective clues.) with the increase of table tennis video information, there is no effect on the novice response selection, but the expert group reduces the response selection more. The results were found in the serving video and in the attack video, respectively. The conclusion of this study is that the advantage of expert prejudgment will lead to further reduction of response selection, and at the same time, the increasing information is used to gradually narrow down the scope of selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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