本文選題：猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng) + 猶太民族基金會(huì)　； 參考：《魯東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：猶太民族基金會(huì)是誕生于猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期的非政府組織,其宗旨就是為猶太人在巴勒斯坦地區(qū)建立民族家園而購(gòu)買土地。自其成立,購(gòu)地活動(dòng)便始終伴隨著猶太民族基金會(huì)的發(fā)展。到以色列建國(guó)前,它已經(jīng)成為巴勒斯坦地區(qū)最大的土地占有者,并在以色列建國(guó)過程中扮演了重要角色。本文旨在梳理猶太民族基金會(huì)在以色列建國(guó)前的發(fā)展歷程,重點(diǎn)探討?yīng)q太民族基金會(huì)在各時(shí)期土地購(gòu)買政策的變化及其土地獲取狀況,以及猶太民族基金會(huì)的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)對(duì)以色列建國(guó)和巴勒斯坦地區(qū)所產(chǎn)生的重要影響。基于上述考慮,本文擬在篇章方面作如下處理:第一章主要介紹猶太民族基金會(huì)這一選題來源和研究意義;介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)猶太民族基金會(huì)的研究現(xiàn)狀;總結(jié)本文的研究方法和創(chuàng)新之處。第二章主要介紹猶太民族基金會(huì)建立的時(shí)代背景。猶太民族與巴勒斯坦的土地之間有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,巴勒斯坦一直被猶太民族視為“圣地”。奧斯曼帝國(guó)統(tǒng)治晚期,巴勒斯坦是一個(gè)被人遺忘的沒落之地,雖然曾有過一個(gè)短暫的猶太人活動(dòng)時(shí)期,但最終農(nóng)業(yè)定居活動(dòng)歸于失敗。近代猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)興起,開始出現(xiàn)猶太人移民巴勒斯坦的浪潮,移民定居活動(dòng)緩慢進(jìn)行,復(fù)國(guó)主義組織相繼建立。第三章主要論述一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前猶太民族基金會(huì)的創(chuàng)建過程。1897年第一屆猶太復(fù)國(guó)主義者代表大會(huì)上,夏皮拉提出建立猶太民族基金會(huì)的議案,到1901年獲得通過。1907年猶太民族基金會(huì)創(chuàng)建公司,其組織形式得以合法化,并開始形成最初的組織章程。猶太民族基金會(huì)通過發(fā)行具有象征意義的盒子和郵票籌集資金,并開始進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的購(gòu)地活動(dòng)。在活動(dòng)初期,猶太民族基金會(huì)資金匱乏,土地獲取數(shù)量較少,便將資源更多地投放到巴勒斯坦地區(qū)的猶太移民定居活動(dòng)中。第四章探討委任統(tǒng)治時(shí)期猶太民族基金會(huì)的發(fā)展情況。經(jīng)過1920年倫敦大會(huì)和人事變遷之后的猶太民族基金會(huì)煥發(fā)出新的活力。面對(duì)阿拉伯人的抵制和英國(guó)當(dāng)局的限制,猶太民族基金會(huì)調(diào)整購(gòu)地政策,靈活運(yùn)用各種策略繞開當(dāng)局的限令,大規(guī)模進(jìn)行土地獲取活動(dòng)。特別是新的土地轉(zhuǎn)讓條例生效后,猶太民族基金會(huì)出現(xiàn)獲取土地的高潮時(shí)期,這一時(shí)期為以色列國(guó)家疆域的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英國(guó)委任統(tǒng)治時(shí)期是猶太民族基金會(huì)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期,土地活動(dòng)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性突破。本章重點(diǎn)對(duì)猶太民族基金會(huì)在不同階段購(gòu)地政策的調(diào)整進(jìn)行論述,并分析猶太民族基金會(huì)在這一時(shí)期成功購(gòu)地的原因。第五章主要分析猶太民族基金會(huì)的歷史影響。以色列建國(guó)前夕,猶太民族基金會(huì)對(duì)土地獲取政策進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整,爭(zhēng)取到具有戰(zhàn)略意義的土地,為以色列疆域的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)。除了購(gòu)買土地,猶太民族基金會(huì)還投身于猶太移民安置、農(nóng)業(yè)土地墾殖、公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等活動(dòng)中,為以色列經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。另一方面,猶太民族基金會(huì)購(gòu)買土地、安置移民的活動(dòng),也對(duì)阿拉伯農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。猶太民族基金會(huì)不僅購(gòu)買土地,還在土地上奉行只為猶太人的政策,致使阿拉伯農(nóng)民失去立足之本,被迫淪為城市廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力甚至無業(yè)游民。第六章為結(jié)語。猶太民族基金會(huì)在以色列建國(guó)前的土地獲取活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮重要作用,為猶太人移民巴勒斯坦和以色列建國(guó)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。我們應(yīng)該以客觀公正的態(tài)度來看待猶太民族基金會(huì)在巴勒斯坦地區(qū)的活動(dòng),從總體來說猶太民族基金會(huì)的活動(dòng)順應(yīng)了歷史發(fā)展的潮流,促進(jìn)了巴勒斯坦地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,最重要的是為長(zhǎng)期處于流散狀態(tài)的猶太民族建立民族家園提供了有利條件。
[Abstract]:The Jewish national foundation, a non-governmental organization born in the period of the Zionist movement, aims to buy land for the Jewish people to build a national home in the Palestinian area. Since its establishment, the land purchase activity has always been accompanied by the development of the Jewish national foundation. Before the founding of Israel, it had become the largest in the Palestinian region. The land possessor has played an important role in the process of the founding of Israel. This article is aimed at combing the development of the Jewish national foundation in Israel before the founding of the nation, focusing on the changes in the land purchase policy of the Jewish national foundation and the situation of land acquisition at all times, and the practice of the Jewish national foundation for Israel. The important effects of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the Palestinian area. Based on the above considerations, this article is intended to be dealt with in the following aspects: the first chapter mainly introduces the origin and significance of the topic of the Jewish national foundation, and introduces the research status of the scholars at home and abroad on the Jewish national foundation, and summarizes the research methods and innovations in this paper. Second The chapter mainly introduces the time background of the Jewish national foundation. There are countless ties between the Jewish people and the Palestinian land. Palestine has been regarded by the Jewish people as the "holy place". In the late Osman Empire, Palestine was a forgotten land, although there had been a short Jewish life. At the time of the movement, the final agricultural settlement was due to failure. The rise of the modern Zionist movement began to emerge from the wave of Jews immigrant to Palestine, the settler activities were slowly carried out, and the compound organization was set up one after another. The third chapter mainly discussed the creation of the Jewish national foundation before the end of the first World War and the first Zionist state of.1897. At the Congress, Shapira proposed a bill for the establishment of the Jewish national foundation. By 1901, the organization of the Jewish national foundation, Create Company, was legalized and began to form the original constitution. The Jewish national foundation raised funds by issuing symbolic boxes and stamps, and opened it. In the early days of the activities, the Jewish national foundation was scarce and the land was less, and the resources were put more into the Jewish settlement activities in the Palestinian areas. The fourth chapter discussed the development of the Jewish national foundation during the period of the mandate. After the 1920 London Congress and the change of personnel Following the boycott of the Arabs and the restrictions imposed by the British authorities, the Jewish national foundation adjusted the land purchase policy, flexibly used various strategies to bypass the authorities' restrictions and carried out large-scale land acquisition activities. In particular, the Jewish national foundation was seized after the new land transfer regulations came into force. In the period of high tide of land, this period laid the foundation for the formation of the territory of the state of Israel. The period of the British mandate was the golden period of the development of the Jewish national foundation. The land activities made a substantial breakthrough. This chapter focuses on the adjustment of the Jewish National Foundation in different stages of the land purchase policy and the analysis of the Jewish national base. On the eve of the founding of the nation, the Jewish national foundation made a strategic adjustment to the land acquisition policy, striving for a strategic land and laying a foundation for the formation of the Israeli territory. In addition to the purchase of land, the Jewish nation, the fifth chapter was mainly about the historical influence of the Jewish national foundation. The foundation also laid a solid foundation for the development of the Israeli economy. On the other hand, the Jewish national foundation bought land, resettled the immigration activities and had a profound impact on the economic life of the farmers in Arabia. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. The Jewish national foundation plays an important role in the land acquisition activities of Israel before the founding of the people's Republic of Israel and emigrated Palestine and color for the Jews. The establishment of the founding of the nation laid a solid foundation. We should look at the activities of the Jewish national foundation in the Palestinian area in an objective and impartial manner. In general, the activities of the Jewish national foundation, in general, have conformed to the trend of historical development, promoted the social and economic development of the Palestinian region, and most importantly, for a long time in the diaspora state. The Jewish people provided favorable conditions for the establishment of a national homeland.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K18

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