本文選題：手工業(yè)行會 + 城市��； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：起源于古希臘,全盛于中世紀(jì)的學(xué)徒制在人類社會歷史的長河中留下了濃墨重彩的一筆,對于歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展而言,其影響更是不可或缺。中世紀(jì),大到復(fù)雜恢弘的宮廷建筑,小到細(xì)致特色的街頭裝飾品,都是工匠們的高超手藝下的藝術(shù)品,在工業(yè)革命前,幾乎所有的生產(chǎn)工具和生活用品都是靠工匠們的雙手制作而成。工匠依靠學(xué)徒制來使自己的手藝不失傳,同時也招來廉價勞動力。進(jìn)入城市,成為一名優(yōu)秀的工匠從事工商業(yè),在一定時期是一些人夢寐以求的事情。本文探討英國傳統(tǒng)行會學(xué)徒制的產(chǎn)生到其轉(zhuǎn)型和衰落,以制度為核心,兼論制度與時代的關(guān)系,勾勒出英國傳統(tǒng)學(xué)徒制變革的軌跡。第一章主要論述傳統(tǒng)行會學(xué)徒制的興起過程及其主要特征,論述行會學(xué)徒制興起的土壤——城市手工業(yè)的發(fā)展和行會制度的確立,以及它們對學(xué)徒制傳統(tǒng)的形成提供的基礎(chǔ),認(rèn)為西歐中世紀(jì)城市的復(fù)興與自治,手工業(yè)行會的興起,傳統(tǒng)契約的廣泛應(yīng)用等多方面因素構(gòu)建了英國的行會學(xué)徒制。第二章論述中世紀(jì)末期傳統(tǒng)行會衰落后傳統(tǒng)學(xué)徒制的轉(zhuǎn)型,指出一方面學(xué)徒制的傳統(tǒng)得到了保持并向更加完備的方向發(fā)展,另一方面近代英國社會的轉(zhuǎn)型和《工匠學(xué)徒法》的頒布使英國近代早期的學(xué)徒制就之前的行會學(xué)徒制而言已有了不容忽視的差異。第三章則主要論述工業(yè)革命的發(fā)生發(fā)展對傳統(tǒng)行會學(xué)徒制的毀滅性打擊,由于工業(yè)革命的進(jìn)行促使資本主義由手工業(yè)發(fā)展到大機(jī)器生產(chǎn),基于手工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上的英國傳統(tǒng)行會學(xué)徒制必然會面臨衰退與轉(zhuǎn)型的局面。英國的傳統(tǒng)學(xué)徒制的發(fā)生發(fā)展和衰落過程顯示了一種技術(shù)傳承制度的興衰史,這一制度的變遷受社會的轉(zhuǎn)型所制約,最終被更加高效的制度所取代。但學(xué)徒制中蘊(yùn)含的精神氣質(zhì)卻是很有意義且難以舍棄的,現(xiàn)代學(xué)徒制即繼承了傳統(tǒng)學(xué)徒制中的有益部分。
[Abstract]:The apprenticeship, which originated in ancient Greece and flourished in the Middle Ages, has left a heavy brushstroke in the history of human society, which is indispensable for the development of European economy and society. In the Middle Ages, large and complex court buildings, small street ornaments with detailed features, were all works of art under the superb craftsmanship of the craftsmen before the industrial revolution. Almost all tools and household goods are made by the hands of craftsmen. Artisans rely on apprenticeships to keep their craft alive and to bring in cheap labor. Entering the city, becoming an excellent craftsman engaged in industry and commerce, in a certain period of time is the dream of some people. This paper probes into the transformation and decline of the apprenticeship system of the British traditional guilds, taking the institution as the core and discussing the relationship between the system and the times, and outlines the track of the transformation of the British traditional apprenticeship system. The first chapter mainly discusses the rising process and main characteristics of the apprenticeship system of the traditional guilds, the development of the soil-city handicraft industry and the establishment of the guild system, and the foundation they provide for the formation of the apprenticeship system. It is believed that the revival and autonomy of medieval cities in Western Europe, the rise of handicraft guilds, and the wide application of traditional contracts have established the guild apprenticeship system in England. The second chapter discusses the transformation of the traditional apprenticeship system after the decline of the traditional guilds in the late Middle Ages, and points out that on the one hand, the tradition of the apprenticeship system has been maintained and developed to a more complete direction. On the other hand, the transformation of the modern English society and the promulgation of the Trades and Crafts Apprenticeship Act made the apprenticeship system in the early modern England different from that of the former guild apprenticeship system. The third chapter mainly deals with the devastating impact of the industrial revolution on the apprenticeship system of traditional guilds. As a result of the industrial revolution, capitalism developed from handicraft to large machine production. British traditional guild apprenticeship system based on handicraft industry is bound to face recession and transformation. The development and decline of the traditional apprenticeship system in Britain shows a history of technological inheritance system. The change of this system is restricted by the transformation of society and finally replaced by a more efficient system. However, the spiritual temperament contained in the apprenticeship system is very meaningful and difficult to abandon. The modern apprenticeship system inherits the beneficial part of the traditional apprenticeship system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K561.4

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本文編號：1781415