本文選題：龍形演變 + 崇龍習(xí)俗�。� 參考：《魯東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：龍,在中國占據(jù)著重要地位,數(shù)千年來,龍已經(jīng)成為一種文化積淀,成為中國的象征,乃至中華民族都被稱為“龍的傳人”。崇龍習(xí)俗有著悠久的歷史,經(jīng)過幾千年的傳承,龍文化已滲透到中國社會的方方面面,反映在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母鱾�層面,對整個中國社會的發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。而關(guān)于中國龍崇拜相關(guān)問題的研究一直是史學(xué)界、社會學(xué)界的重要課題,對中國龍崇拜性質(zhì)的探討也從未停止過,對相關(guān)問題的研究將會對社會各界產(chǎn)生廣泛影響。本文以中原地區(qū),漢族群眾中的崇龍習(xí)俗作為主要的研究對象,將著重從以下幾個方面展開論述:第一,關(guān)于龍形演變問題,從中國古史文獻(xiàn)的記載中尋找線索,推究出龍形大致經(jīng)歷了原始龍期、夔龍期、飛龍期、行龍期、黃龍期五個發(fā)展階段,至明清時期基本定型,由簡單到繁雜、由抽象到形象,成為今天所見到的龍的樣貌。在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上龍的功用,除了是施行巫術(shù)的對象,主要扮演著求雨的雨神角色;至于后來,則成為皇權(quán)的專屬象征物。第二,秦漢以后,龍逐漸成為專制皇權(quán)的專屬物件。通過對輿服制度的詳細(xì)考察,以及第一面國旗——龍旗的出現(xiàn),論證龍與皇權(quán)的關(guān)系:龍是專制皇權(quán)的象征,為皇家所私有,其他人不得染指。統(tǒng)治者更是利用人們的崇龍心理,達(dá)到強(qiáng)化統(tǒng)治的目的。第三,通過對與龍相關(guān)的民俗的考察,以龍王廟的設(shè)立、“二月二”龍?zhí)ь^節(jié)節(jié)俗、端午節(jié)龍舟競渡這一民俗活動為線索,展現(xiàn)民間龍崇拜的虔誠。龍作為人民大眾所崇拜的對象,在人們心中具有極大的神性,在民間信仰中以對其保護(hù)神和水神角色的崇拜作為主要表現(xiàn)形式。第四,借助傳統(tǒng)文獻(xiàn)記載以及西方相關(guān)圖騰理論的研究成果,從圖騰事物的基本特征、圖騰禁忌、圖騰儀式等方面出發(fā),立足中國,與中國龍崇拜的表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行對比研究,發(fā)掘其中異同,證明在中國龍崇拜并非圖騰崇拜,人們在認(rèn)識上存在一定的誤區(qū)。本文的研究除了要從史學(xué)角度理清龍形發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、探索中國民間崇龍傳統(tǒng)、研究中國龍崇拜性質(zhì)外,更主要的目的是為了向人們傳達(dá)這樣一種理念,即龍崇拜是中國特定文化環(huán)境下的文化產(chǎn)物,它與中國數(shù)千年來的文化傳統(tǒng)是一脈相連、相輔相成的,是中華文明的特質(zhì)要素,是中華文化的“瑰寶”;它不能夠簡單套用任何其他民族文明,或用其理論進(jìn)行闡述,只能結(jié)合中國自古至今的社會大環(huán)境、大背景來解讀。再者,以龍為代表中華文化,博大精深、源遠(yuǎn)流長,中華民族應(yīng)有足夠的文化自信,方能引領(lǐng)中國夢的實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Dragon, occupies an important position in China, for thousands of years, dragon has become a kind of cultural accumulation, become the symbol of China, even the Chinese nation is called "the descendant of dragon".Dragon worship customs have a long history, after thousands of years of inheritance, dragon culture has penetrated into all aspects of Chinese society, reflected in every level of people's daily life, has had a great impact on the development of the whole Chinese society.The research on the related issues of Chinese dragon worship has always been an important subject in the field of history and society, and the study of the nature of Chinese dragon worship has never stopped, and the research on the related issues will have a wide impact on all walks of life.This article takes the custom of worshiping the dragon among the Han people in the Central Plains as the main research object. It will focus on the following aspects: first, about the evolution of the dragon, looking for clues from the records of the ancient Chinese history.The dragon has experienced five stages of development, namely, the primitive dragon period, the Kui dragon period, the flying dragon period, the traveling dragon period and the Huanglong period, to the basic shaping of the Ming and Qing dynasties, from simplicity to complexity, from abstraction to image, and becomes the appearance of the dragon seen today.On this basis, it was found that the function of the dragon in history, besides being the object of witchcraft, mainly played the role of rain god in seeking rain; later, it became the exclusive symbol of imperial power.Second, after the Qin and Han dynasties, the dragon gradually became the exclusive object of autocratic imperial power.Through the detailed investigation of the system of geographical clothing and the appearance of the first flag-dragon flag, this paper demonstrates the relationship between the dragon and the imperial power: the dragon is the symbol of autocratic imperial power, which is owned by the royal family, and no one else can touch it.Rulers make use of people's psychology of worshipping dragons to strengthen their rule.Third, through the investigation of the folklore related to the dragon, the establishment of the Dragon Temple, the second of February, the rise of the dragon and the festival of custom, Dragon Boat Festival's dragon boat race as a clue to show the religious worship of the folk dragon.Dragon, as the object of people's worship, has great divinity in people's hearts. In folk belief, the worship of its role as protector and water god is the main manifestation.Fourth, with the help of the traditional literature records and western related totem theory research results, from the basic characteristics of totem things, totem taboos, totem ceremony and other aspects, based on China, and Chinese dragon worship of the manifestations of comparative research.It is proved that dragon worship is not totem worship in China.In addition to clarifying the development of the dragon form from the perspective of history, exploring the Chinese folk tradition of worshipping the dragon, and studying the nature of the worship of the dragon in China, the main purpose of this study is to convey such an idea to the people.That is, dragon worship is the product of Chinese culture under the specific cultural environment. It is connected with the cultural tradition of China for thousands of years, complements each other, is the characteristic element of Chinese civilization, and is the "treasure" of Chinese culture.It can not simply apply any other national civilization, or use its theory to explain, can only be combined with the ancient Chinese social environment, the background to interpret.Moreover, the Chinese culture represented by the dragon is broad and profound and has a long history. The Chinese nation should have sufficient cultural confidence to lead Chinese Dream's realization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B933

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