本文選題：利他行為　切入點(diǎn)：移情　出處：《湖北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：利他行為是心理學(xué)界和社會學(xué)界普遍關(guān)注的一種行為,是兒童發(fā)展成熟的標(biāo)志之一,是在對兒童進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)的過程中應(yīng)該高度關(guān)注的行為。心理理論是幼兒時期開始獲得的對自己和其它個體的心理狀態(tài)認(rèn)識和預(yù)測的一種能力,而移情則是對他人情緒情感狀態(tài)的識別、感受并接受的能力,也是利他行為的重要預(yù)測源。關(guān)于心理理論、移情與利他行為的關(guān)系的研究能為利他行為的發(fā)展研究提供一定的理論支持,并對培養(yǎng)幼兒良好利他行為具有重要的理論價值和實(shí)踐意義。本研究以河南省許昌市某幼兒園71名幼兒(男生41名,女生28名)為被試,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)法對幼兒心理理論、移情能力和利他行為分別進(jìn)行測量,來考察三者之間的關(guān)系,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.幼兒心理理論在年齡上的差異顯著(F=4.517,P0.05),多重比較發(fā)現(xiàn),6歲幼兒的心理理論得分顯著高于4歲、5歲幼兒。而不同性別、生源地的幼兒心理理論的差異均不顯著(t=0.247,P0.05,t=1.093,P0.05)。2.幼兒移情在年齡上差異邊緣顯著(F=3.035,P0.06),得分均隨年齡增長而增長。多重比較發(fā)現(xiàn),6歲幼兒得分顯著高于4歲幼兒,5歲幼兒與4歲、6歲幼兒差異均不。不同性別幼兒移情差異不顯著(t=-1.444,P0.05)。不同生源地幼兒移情存在顯著性差異(t=2.044,P0.05),城市幼兒得分高于農(nóng)村幼兒。3.幼兒利他行為在年齡上的差異顯著,其得分均隨年齡增長而增長,虛擬情境利他行為得分顯著高于真實(shí)情境利他行為得分。在虛擬情境利他、利他行為總分上,6歲幼兒得分顯著高于4歲和5歲幼兒,4歲幼兒得分與5歲幼兒得分差異不顯著(F=6.360,P0.01,F=6.894,P0.01);在真實(shí)情境中,6歲幼兒得分顯著高于4歲幼兒,5歲幼兒與這兩個年齡組差異不顯著(F=5.232,P0.01)。經(jīng)過配對樣本t檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),男生、女生兩種利他行為得分差異顯著(t=7.638,P0.001,t=4.500,P0.001),虛擬情境利他行為得分顯著高于真實(shí)情境利他行為得分。城市幼兒、農(nóng)村幼兒兩種利他行為得分差異顯著(t=6.761,P0.001,t=5.488,P0.001),虛擬情境利他行為得分顯著高于真實(shí)情境利他行為得分。4.心理理論、移情與虛擬情境的利他行為、真實(shí)情境中的利他行為、利他行為呈顯著的正相關(guān)。心理理論與移情呈顯著的正相關(guān)。真實(shí)情境的利他行為和利他行為呈顯著的正相關(guān)。5.分別進(jìn)行虛擬情境利他、真實(shí)情境利他對心理理論、移情的回歸分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),移情水平對虛擬情境利他行為、真實(shí)情境利他行為有正向預(yù)測作用,而心理理論對兩種情境的利他行為預(yù)測作用不顯著。6調(diào)節(jié)作用分析發(fā)現(xiàn),移情對虛擬情境的利他為和心理理論的調(diào)節(jié)作用不顯著,對真實(shí)情境的利他行為和心理理論存在顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用�；谝陨涎芯拷Y(jié)果,并結(jié)合已有研究結(jié)論,建議家長和幼兒教師可以通過對幼兒進(jìn)行移情訓(xùn)練或樹立榜樣等方法來促進(jìn)幼兒利他行為的發(fā)展,為國家和社會培養(yǎng)一個具有良好利他行為的社會人。
[Abstract]:Altruistic behavior is a kind of behavior which is generally concerned by psychology and social circles. It is one of the signs of children's development and maturity, and should be highly concerned in the process of training children.The theory of mind is the ability to recognize and predict the mental state of oneself and other individuals, and empathy is the ability to recognize, feel and accept the emotional state of others.It is also an important predictor of altruistic behavior.The research on the relationship between empathy and altruistic behavior can provide some theoretical support for the development of altruistic behavior and has important theoretical value and practical significance for the cultivation of good altruistic behavior of young children.In this study, 71 young children (41 boys and 28 girls) from a kindergarten in Xuchang City, Henan Province, were measured with experimental method to investigate the relationship among them.The study found that 1: 1.There were significant differences in the age of children's psychological theory. The scores of children aged 6 years were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years or 5 years old. The scores of children aged 6 years were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years old or 5 years old.However, there was no significant difference in children's psychological theory between different genders and places of origin. There was no significant difference in psychological theory between children of different genders (P 0.05), P 0.05 (1.093) and P 0.05 (2).The difference in age was significant (P 0.06), and the scores increased with the increase of age.The scores of children aged 6 years old were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years old, 5 years old and 4 years old and 6 years old.There was no significant difference in transference between different genders.There was significant difference in the empathy of children from different areas, and the score of urban children was higher than that of rural children.Children's altruistic behavior had significant difference in age and their scores increased with age. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior.In virtual situations, altruism,There was no significant difference in age group (P 0.01).It was found that there was a significant difference in scores of two altruistic behaviors between boys and girls by paired t-test. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior, and the score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruism behavior.There were significant differences in the scores of two altruistic behaviors between urban and rural children. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior, and the score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior.Theory of mind, empathy is positively correlated with altruistic behavior in virtual situation, altruistic behavior in real situation and altruistic behavior.There is a significant positive correlation between psychological theory and empathy.Altruistic behavior in real situation is positively correlated with altruistic behavior. 5.The regression analysis of virtual situation altruism, real situation altruism on theory of mind and empathy shows that empathy level has positive predictive effect on virtual situation altruistic behavior and real situation altruistic behavior.However, the effect of psychological theory on altruistic behavior prediction in two situations was not significant. 6. The results showed that the altruistic effect of empathy on virtual situation and the regulation effect of psychological theory were not significant.The altruistic behavior of real situation and the theory of mind have significant regulating effect.Based on the above results and combined with the existing research conclusions, it is suggested that parents and teachers can promote the development of children's altruistic behavior by means of empathy training or setting an example.Cultivate a social person with good altruistic behavior for the country and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.12

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