本文選題：跨期選擇　切入點(diǎn)：形式效應(yīng)　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：跨期選擇是指對不同時間點(diǎn)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行權(quán)衡或比較,從而做出選擇的行為。是追求短期的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展而不惜破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境還是維護(hù)保存生態(tài)環(huán)境以尋求長遠(yuǎn)的利益發(fā)展?是為了保持長期良好的身材而合理減少飲食還是滿足短期的飲食快感?是選擇及時行樂還是放棄眼前的享樂努力學(xué)習(xí)或工作,以獲得將來更大的成就感?現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之父亞當(dāng)斯密也在《富國論》中指出,跨期選擇不只影響一個人的健康、財富與幸福,也關(guān)系到一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮程度。個體的跨期選擇行為受到諸如壓力、情景、大小效應(yīng)、動態(tài)不一致效應(yīng)等因素的影響。為了驗(yàn)證跨期選擇中“形式效應(yīng)”的存在,考察獲得與損失情境中個體選擇行為的異同,并探討不同未來取向水平對不同條件下個體跨期選擇行為的影響。本研究整理了前人研究的思路和進(jìn)展,設(shè)計三個實(shí)驗(yàn)層層遞進(jìn),分別采用單因素被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計、兩因素被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計和三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計,逐一驗(yàn)證研究中待解決的問題。結(jié)果顯示,高未來取向被試的時間折扣率顯著低于低未來取向被試的時間折扣率;對于低未來取向被試組,獲得情境中的時間折扣率顯著高于損失情境中的時間折扣率;未來取向、時間描述方式和情境這三個因素的交互作用顯著等�；诒疚难芯拷Y(jié)果,筆者得出如下結(jié)論:1)在個體跨期選擇過程中,存在由時間框架引發(fā)的“形式效應(yīng)”。2)損失情境中也存在“形式效應(yīng)”,且出現(xiàn)差異的結(jié)果與獲得情境中的相反。在跨期選擇領(lǐng)域里,不能簡單的將獲得情境中的效果直接轉(zhuǎn)移到損失情景中來。3)低未來取向的個體在做選擇時更加急功近利,且在低未來取向個體中,測量情境的不同所導(dǎo)致的被試時間折扣率的顯著差異只存在于以“年”為單位的跨期任務(wù)描述中;“形式效應(yīng)”只存在于獲得情境中。4)個體的跨期選擇方式受到多種因素的共同作用,不同的條件對其影響的程度及效果均不同。
[Abstract]:Intertemporal choice refers to the different time points were weighed or compared, and make a choice. Is the pursuit of short-term economic development at the expense of the destruction of the ecological environment and maintain ecological environment in order to seek long-term development interests? In order to maintain long-term good shape and reasonable to reduce the diet or diet meet short-term pleasure? Choose or give up in front of the pleasure to enjoy learning or work, in order to obtain greater achievement? The father of modern economics, Adams Smith also pointed out on the rich in < >, intertemporal choice not only affect one's health, wealth and happiness, but also related to a country's economic prosperity. Select the behavior of the individual is affected by pressure, scene, size effect, dynamic effect of inconsistent effects and other factors. In order to verify the intertemporal choice in the form of effect, surveys The similarities and differences of individual choice behavior loss situation, and to explore the effects of different levels of the future orientation of individual intertemporal choice behavior under different conditions. The ideas and progress of the previous research in this study, three designed progressive layers, by using single factor within subjects experimental design, two factors within subjects design and three factors mixed experimental design to be solved one by one to verify the problems in the research. The results show that high future orientation were significantly lower than that of the low rate of time discount the future orientation of subjects for the low time discount rate; the future orientation of subjects, obtained in the context of the time discount rate was significantly higher than the loss in the context of time discount rate; future orientation, interaction time to describe these three factors and situation significantly. Based on the results of this study, the author draws the following conclusions: 1) in the inter period selection process, there is Frame caused by the effect of form ".2") also has the effect of form "loss situation, and the difference between the results obtained with the opposite situation. The intertemporal choice in the field, can not simply be obtained in the context of the effect of direct transfer to the loss situation to low.3) the future orientation of the individual in doing when the choice is more quick, and low in the future orientation of the individual, the different measurement scenarios to test significant differences in discount rates only exist in intertemporal units to describe task" years ";" the form effect "exists only in the context of.4) to obtain the intertemporal choice by the individual a variety of factors, and the degree of effect of different conditions on the are different.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1696588