本文選題：清末　切入點：駐日公使　出處：《延邊大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：中日兩國簽署的《中日修好條規(guī)》中規(guī)定了雙方可互派使節(jié),從1877年開始到甲午戰(zhàn)爭之前清政府共派出了六任五位公使,分別為何如璋、黎庶昌、徐承祖、李經(jīng)方和汪鳳藻,黎庶昌在第二、四任上兩次出使,本文對這五位公使對日本的認識和外交實踐進行了探討。駐日公使對日本的認識方面,本文以其對明治維新后日本國情和侵略擴張活動的認識為重點,探討這批駐日公使對日本國力和戰(zhàn)爭傾向性的判斷。在外交實踐方面,隨著中日之間關系的變化,各任公使在具體事務處理重點方面也有所不同,本文以最能體現(xiàn)各任公使對日本的認識和自身對日外交策略的事件為中心進行了探討,即何如璋在前期琉球問題和朝鮮開港上的策略、黎庶昌的壬午出兵意見與后期琉球問題、徐承祖的甲申撤兵和長崎事件處理、李經(jīng)方在"中日友好"方面的努力以及汪鳳藻在甲午戰(zhàn)爭前夕的交涉。駐日公使們認識到日本明治維新是一場走向現(xiàn)代化的變革,通過改革日本逐漸走上富強的道路,他們的對日認識為清政府決策提供了一定依據(jù),但是始終存在著輕日心態(tài)和對日認識不充分的問題,這種輕日心態(tài)和對日本認識的不充分在出使后期影響了清政府對形勢的判斷。對比而言,何如璋、黎庶昌以及徐承祖這三位公使對日本的認識更符合客觀事實,在外交實踐中遇有緊急事務也能夠及時向清政府建言獻策,相較之下,李經(jīng)方、汪鳳藻二位則有所遜色。這批清末早期駐日公使在對日外交方面有得有失,他們在國家權益、國家尊嚴方面的爭取是值得肯定的,而在處理事務方面的失當之處,需要客觀理性分析,這與個人能力有所關聯(lián),更多的卻要受到國家的影響。
[Abstract]:The "regulations on Sino-Japanese rapprochement" signed by China and Japan stipulate that the two sides may send envoys to each other. From 1877 until the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Qing government dispatched six and five ambassadors, he Ruzhang, Li Suchang, Xu Chengzu, Li Jingfang, and Wang Fengzao. Li Shuchang made two missions in the second and fourth terms. This paper discusses the understanding and diplomatic practice of the five ambassadors to Japan. In terms of understanding of Japan by the Minister stationed in Japan, This paper focuses on his understanding of the national conditions and aggressive and expanding activities of Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and discusses the judgments of these ambassadors on Japan's national strength and the tendency of war. In diplomatic practice, with the changes in Sino-Japanese relations, Each minister is also different in terms of the focus of his specific affairs. This paper focuses on the events that best reflect his understanding of Japan and his own diplomatic strategy towards Japan. That is, he Ruzhang's strategy in the early Ryukyu issue and the opening of the North Korean port, Li's views on sending troops to the army and the later Ryukyu issue, the withdrawal of Xu Chengzu's Jia Shen and the handling of the Nagasaki incident. Li Jingfang's efforts in "Sino-Japanese Friendship" and Wang Fengzao's negotiations on the eve of the Sino-Japanese War. The ambassadors in Japan realized that the Meiji Restoration of Japan was a change toward modernization and gradually embarked on the road of prosperity and strength through reform. Their understanding of Japan provided a certain basis for the Qing government to make decisions, but there were always problems of light Japanese mentality and insufficient understanding of Japan. This light Japanese mentality and inadequate understanding of Japan affected the Qing government's judgment of the situation in the latter part of the diplomatic service. In contrast, the three ministers he Ruzhang, Li Suchang and Xu Chengzu were more in line with the objective facts. In diplomatic practice, in the event of urgent affairs, they can also provide timely advice to the Qing government. In contrast, Li Jingfang and Wang Fengzao were inferior. These early envoys stationed in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty had some gains and losses in diplomacy with Japan, and they had national rights and interests. The struggle for national dignity is worthy of recognition, and the mishandling of affairs requires objective and rational analysis, which is related to the ability of the individual and more affected by the state.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D829.313;K252

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