本文選題：嶗山道教　切入點：近代　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：位于青島的嶗山道教曾于明清時期輝煌興盛了數(shù)百年,在中國道教中占有重要地位。時至清末,由于清政府統(tǒng)治的顛覆,傳統(tǒng)嶗山道教失去了政治保護(hù),加之其他社會因素的沖擊和嶗山道士自身素質(zhì)的下降,嶗山道教開始走向衰落。但細(xì)究其過程,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)嶗山道教的衰落并非趨于消亡,而是走上了一條世俗化、民間化的持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。通過與民間信仰與世俗生活的融合尋求生存發(fā)展之機(jī),并成功地獲得了地方認(rèn)同感。本文第一部分從歷史地理的角度探究嶗山道教的分布及選址原因,以及在近代的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。考慮到青島地區(qū)近代歷史的特殊性,特分階段對這一時期的嶗山道教做了討論。由于政治地位的喪失和嶗山道士自身素質(zhì)下降等諸多因素,嶗山道教在近代總體呈現(xiàn)衰退趨勢。從清朝末期到德占時期再到民國統(tǒng)治時期,嶗山道教經(jīng)歷了一個曲折的發(fā)展過程,可見,安定的社會環(huán)境也是道教平穩(wěn)發(fā)展的重要因素。第二部分從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度出發(fā),研究近代嶗山道教與地方社會的關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)為土地租佃關(guān)系以及民道之間持續(xù)不斷的廟產(chǎn)糾紛。嶗山道教明清繁盛時期積累了豐厚的實力,至于近代,這種經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢依然沒有喪失。嶗山地產(chǎn)實力雄厚的道觀把大部分土地租賃給當(dāng)?shù)氐陌傩?與當(dāng)?shù)匕傩招纬勺獾韫蛡蜿P(guān)系。但也因為嶗山道教經(jīng)濟(jì)勢力的不斷擴(kuò)張,造成民道土地嚴(yán)重不均,以及民道對道觀財產(chǎn)的覬覦,都導(dǎo)致民道糾紛問題不斷,典型的有太清宮的"伐山事件",石門廟主人之爭和常在庵廟產(chǎn)之爭。第三部分從信仰文化的角度探究嶗山道教與地方社會文化的相互影響。嶗山道教本身在發(fā)展的過程中也在不斷吸納地方社會的民間信仰,世俗性漸濃。嶗山道教通過村廟、腳廟等外延建筑深入民間世俗社會,定期舉行的廟會也成為道教文化與世俗文化相互融合的舞臺。道教廟會所具有的宗教功能、娛樂功能、商業(yè)功能等等,都對地方社會產(chǎn)生了重要的作用,也充分體現(xiàn)了嶗山道教在近代的世俗化與民間化特征。
[Abstract]:Laoshan Taoism, which is located in Qingdao, had flourished for hundreds of years in Ming and Qing dynasties, and occupied an important position in Chinese Taoism. By the end of Qing Dynasty, the traditional Laoshan Taoism lost political protection because of the subversion of Qing government rule. In addition, the impact of other social factors and the decline of Taoist quality in Laoshan, Laoshan Taoism began to decline. However, a careful study of the process showed that the decline of Laoshan Taoism did not tend to die out, but became a secularization. Through the fusion of folk belief and secular life, we seek the opportunity of survival and development, and have successfully gained the local identity. The first part of this paper explores the distribution and location of Laoshan Taoism from the historical and geographical point of view. And its development in modern times. Considering the particularity of the modern history of Qingdao, the Laoshan Taoism in this period was specially discussed in stages. Due to the loss of political status and the decline in the quality of Taoist Taoists in Laoshan, Laoshan Taoism showed a general declining trend in modern times. From the late Qing Dynasty to the period of German occupation and then to the period of the Republic of China, Laoshan Taoism experienced a tortuous process of development. A stable social environment is also an important factor for the steady development of Taoism. To study the relationship between Laoshan Taoism and local society in modern times. This relationship is mainly manifested in the land tenancy relationship and the continuous temple disputes between the people and Taoists. Laoshan Taoism accumulated abundant strength during the prosperous period of Ming and Qing dynasties, but in modern times, This economic advantage has not been lost. Laoshan's powerful Taoist temple leases most of its land to local people and forms a tenancy and employment relationship with the local people. But it is also due to the growing economic power of Laoshan Taoism. This has led to a serious imbalance of land between the people and the road, as well as the coveting of Taoist temple property by the people's Road, which has led to a constant dispute between the people and the roads. The third part explores the interaction between Laoshan Taoism and local social culture from the angle of belief culture. Laoshan Taoism itself is developing. In the process of absorbing the folk beliefs of the local society, Laoshan Taoism goes deep into the folk and secular society through the extension of village temple, foot temple and so on, and the temple fair held regularly also becomes the stage where Taoist culture and secular culture merge together. The Taoist temple fair has the religious function and entertainment function. The commercial function and so on have produced the important function to the local society, also has fully manifested the Laoshan Taoism in the modern times secularization and the folk transformation characteristic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B959

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