本文選題：選擇性信任　切入點：認知模型　出處：《魯東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：選擇性信任指面對多個信息提供者時,個體依據(jù)信息提供者提供的不同信息,辨別他們的可信程度,從而有選擇的相信某個(些)信息提供者的行為。研究證實,從3歲起,兒童已經(jīng)認識到有些人是值得信任的,有些人是不值得信任的,但在具體的認知過程中,兒童往往對認知對象表現(xiàn)出過度的信任。兒童的選擇性信任的主要研究范式是“熟悉-測試”范式,該范式分為熟悉階段和信任測試階段。行為一致性指熟悉階段行為與信任測試階段行為的匹配程度,按照行為一致到不一致分別對應“相同行為”、“相似行為”、“無關(guān)行為”�！跋嗤袨椤敝复煜るA段行為與信任測試階段行為一致,“相似行為”指代熟悉階段行為與信任測試階段行為有一定程度上的關(guān)聯(lián),“無關(guān)行為”指代熟悉階段行為與信任測試階段行為沒有聯(lián)系。選擇性信任的影響因素主要分為認知性線索和社會性線索,認知性線索主要指兒童獲得某些知識的特性,社會性線索主要涵蓋兒童在與人交往之中獲得的信息。發(fā)展心理學家對選擇性信任的認知加工提出了三種模型,分別為“行為匹配”模型、“形成總體印象”模型、“特質(zhì)推理”模型。本研究旨在探究兒童在選擇性信任中使用何種認知模型,將選擇性信任經(jīng)典研究范式的“熟悉-測試”兩個階段進行一定的改造,運用實驗法,探究兒童選擇性信任使用的認知模型。被試來自山東煙臺市與青島市各一所普通幼兒園,共選取89名兒童,使用3(行為一致性)×3(年齡)混合實驗設(shè)計,其中行為一致性為被試內(nèi)變量,包括相同行為、相似行為、無關(guān)行為;年齡為被試間變量,為4歲、5歲、6歲。因變量為選擇性信任分數(shù)。實驗使用同批被試,實驗一從認知性線索角度、實驗二從社會性線索的角度,分別探究兒童選擇性信任中認知模型的使用。實驗得到的結(jié)論如下:(1)兒童選擇性信任所使用的認知模型并非唯一。在認知性線索下,4歲兒童使用“特質(zhì)推理”模型對選擇性信任進行加工,5、6歲兒童則使用“形成總體印象”模型進行加工。(2)在社會性線索下,4、5歲兒童使用“形成總體印象”模型對選擇性信任進行加工,6歲兒童則使用“特質(zhì)推理”模型進行加工。
[Abstract]:Selective trust refers to the behavior of individuals who selectively believe in an information provider based on the different information provided by the information provider in order to selectively trust a particular information provider when faced with multiple information providers. Children have realized that some people are trustworthy, some are not trustworthy, but in specific cognitive processes, Children often show excessive trust in their cognitive objects. The main research paradigm of children's selective trust is the "familiarity-test" paradigm. This paradigm is divided into familiar phase and trust test phase. Behavior consistency refers to the matching degree between the familiar phase behavior and the trust test phase behavior. According to the behavior consistency to inconsistency, respectively corresponding to "same behavior", "similar behavior", "irrelevant behavior". "identical behavior" refers to the behavior of the familiar phase and the trust test phase, and "similar behavior" refers to the familiar stage behavior and the trust phase behavior. The behavior of any test stage is related to some extent, "irrelevant behavior" means that there is no relation between the behavior of familiar phase and the behavior of trust test. The influencing factors of selective trust are mainly cognitive clues and social cues. Cognitive cues mainly refer to the characteristics of children's acquisition of certain knowledge, and social cues mainly cover the information obtained by children in their interactions with people. Development psychologists have proposed three models for the cognitive processing of selective trust. They are "behavior matching" model, "overall impression formation" model and "trait reasoning" model. The purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive models used by children in selective trust. The two stages of "familiarity test" in the classical research paradigm of selective trust were reformed to a certain extent, and the cognitive model of selective trust use of children was explored by using the experimental method. The subjects were from an ordinary kindergarten in Yantai city, Shandong province and Qingdao city, respectively. A total of 89 children were selected and used 3 (behavioral consistency) 脳 3 (age) mixed experimental design, in which behavioral consistency was the variables within the subjects, including the same behavior, similar behavior, independent behavior, and age was the variable between the subjects. The dependent variable was a selective trust score. The experiment used the same batch of subjects. Experiment 1 was from the perspective of cognitive cues, and experiment 2 was from the perspective of social cues. The result of the experiment is as follows: 1) the cognitive model used by children with selective trust is not the only one. Under cognitive cues, 4-year-old children use "trait reasoning" model. Type II processing of selective trust in children aged 5 to 6 years old using "overall impression formation" model for processing. (2) under social cues, children aged 4 to 5 years old use the model of "forming overall impression" to process selective trust in children of 6 years old. Then using the "trait reasoning" model for processing.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.1

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