本文關(guān)鍵詞： 吳稚暉 “萬國新語” 語言文字 無政府主義 激進(jìn)主義　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：吳稚暉是現(xiàn)代著名的語文運(yùn)動家,在中國語文現(xiàn)代化探索的道路上,他留下特殊的足跡、做出了獨特的貢獻(xiàn)。清代末年,他以《新世紀(jì)》報為主要陣地,以無政府主義、科學(xué)主義、進(jìn)化主義為思想基礎(chǔ),先后提出了萬國新語、切音簡字、注音字母等改革策略,并在現(xiàn)代語文教育方面做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。在五四時期,他繼續(xù)堅持現(xiàn)代語文改革,對新文化運(yùn)動(特別是白話文運(yùn)動)產(chǎn)生了一定影響,成為新文化運(yùn)動的重要思想資源,錢玄同、胡適等人的廢除漢字思維和白話文改良思路,無一不打上吳氏深深烙印。不僅如此,新文化運(yùn)動的思想基礎(chǔ)——科學(xué)主義、進(jìn)化主義等,也和吳稚暉如出一轍。本文在分析清末民初語言文字改革的社會思想現(xiàn)狀和時代語境之后,著重探究吳稚暉在語文改革中所作出的重大貢獻(xiàn)。早年,吳稚暉提倡以“萬國新語”完全替代漢字,繼而創(chuàng)造切音簡字代替象形文字,后又提出字母注音等系列改革策略。除了漢字改革,吳稚暉還提出了翻譯外文書籍應(yīng)該做到存原文、直譯當(dāng)注、釋譯當(dāng)疏的觀點。同時他還致力于探索現(xiàn)代語文統(tǒng)一的方法。其次分析吳稚暉與五四時期思想、理論及實踐方面的關(guān)聯(lián)。在思想上,主要從無政府主義、科學(xué)主義、進(jìn)化主義三種思想探索吳稚暉與五四白話文運(yùn)動期間思想上的前后相繼的關(guān)系,理論上他們二者都運(yùn)用了西方語音中心論和工具論思想,但在實踐過程中二者都陷入了激進(jìn)主義策略的漩渦,都主張徹底廢除中國語言文字。最后論述吳稚暉語言文字改革的貢獻(xiàn)與缺陷。吳稚暉在語文運(yùn)動中作出的貢獻(xiàn)不容忽視,他客觀的推動了漢字改革,同時促進(jìn)西方先進(jìn)文化傳入中國,還推動了教育從封建形態(tài)逐步轉(zhuǎn)型,但是他忽視了中國文字本身所具有的優(yōu)點,無限崇拜西方,同時忽視文字與文化傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)系,也壓制了語言文字多元化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Wu Zhihui is a famous modern Chinese campaigner. He left a special footprint and made a unique contribution on the way of exploring the modernization of Chinese language. In the late Qing Dynasty, he took "New Century" newspaper as his main position. On the basis of anarchism, scientism and evolutionism, the author put forward the reform strategies such as the new Chinese, the simplified characters and the phonetic letters. In the May 4th period, he continued to adhere to the reform of modern Chinese, which had a certain impact on the New Culture Movement (especially the vernacular language Movement). Become the important ideological resources of the new cultural movement Qian Xuantong Hu Shi and others to abolish the thinking of Chinese characters and vernacular improvement ideas all on Wu deep brand. Not only that. The ideological basis of the New Culture Movement-scientism, Evolutionism, and so on, is the same as Wu Zhihui. This paper analyzes the social ideological situation and the context of the times in the reform of language and Chinese characters in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In the early years, Wu Chih-hui advocated the replacement of Chinese characters with "Wanguo Xinyu", and then created simplified characters instead of hieroglyphics. In addition to the reform of Chinese characters, Wu Zhihui also proposed that translation of foreign books should be done to save the original text, literal translation should be noted. At the same time, he also devoted himself to exploring the method of the unification of modern Chinese. Secondly, he analyzed the connection between Wu Zhihui and the thought, theory and practice of the May 4th Movement. In thought, he mainly from anarchism. Scientism and Evolutionism explore the relationship between Wu Zhihui and the thought in succession during the May 4th vernacular movement. In theory, they both use western phonetic centralism and instrumentalism. But in the process of practice, both of them fall into the whirlpool of radicalism strategy. Both advocate the complete abolition of Chinese characters. Finally, it discusses the contribution and defects of Wu Zhihui's language and character reform. Wu Zhihui's contribution to the Chinese language movement can not be ignored, and he objectively promoted the reform of Chinese characters. At the same time to promote the introduction of advanced Western culture into China, but also to promote the gradual transformation of education from the feudal form, but he ignored the advantages of Chinese characters, unlimited worship of the West. At the same time, ignoring the relationship between writing and cultural tradition also suppresses the pluralistic development of language and character.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H193

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