本文關(guān)鍵詞： 委婉語 漢語委婉語 韓語委婉語 對比分析 針對性 得體性　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】："委婉語"是在生活中普遍存在的語言現(xiàn)象,它涉及各民族的歷史、文化、心理等各方面。大部分人在生活中頻繁使用。如果在交際中不使用"委婉語",在各種情景下都使用直接表達(dá)的話,在交際中就會(huì)給聽話者帶來不悅,甚至是尷尬,所以委婉語是交際中不能避開的表達(dá)方式之一。筆者在實(shí)習(xí)的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)HSK6級水平的幾個(gè)韓國學(xué)生經(jīng)常把韓語中的詞直接翻譯,無意識地說"我奶奶死了"、"我的下體很胖,所以最近去健身房運(yùn)動(dòng)"、"她的下體很苗條,好羨慕"、"下體障礙者"等的偏誤,由此引發(fā)了筆者如下的三個(gè)思考,意識到了對委婉語教學(xué)的必要性:首先,第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者用外語的時(shí)候使不使用委婉語;第二,如果不太使用的話他們本身有沒有使用委婉語的意識;第三,如果在使用母語時(shí)有委婉語意識的話,為什么說外語時(shí)候時(shí)卻沒有了。在這個(gè)思路的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)前人的研究成果,本文首先分析了漢韓委婉語的范疇與特點(diǎn),并對委婉語的主要語法方面、語義方面以及功能方面進(jìn)行對比。通過對十本對外漢語教師普遍使用的中高級對外漢語教材上的委婉語詞條與在北大語料庫中有實(shí)用性的委婉語詞條的分析,用比較實(shí)用的委婉語來探討在實(shí)際語言環(huán)境中如何用委婉語來得體地表達(dá)說話人的意愿。論文的主體部分,第三章首先從語法形式與句法功能的角度來分析,在由韓語漢字詞構(gòu)成的委婉語部分對漢韓同形同義的委婉語進(jìn)行分析,在由韓語固有詞構(gòu)成的委婉語部分,從語法形式與功能的關(guān)系角度進(jìn)行偏誤分析,從中了解韓國的漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在實(shí)際運(yùn)用當(dāng)中可能會(huì)遇到的問題。其次,語義的角度對委婉語進(jìn)行對比分析,根據(jù)漢韓委婉語的分類,以及在語義表達(dá)形式上的差異,分別對比分析了漢韓委婉語中"語義相同表達(dá)形式相同、語義相同表達(dá)形式相近、語義相同表達(dá)形式相異的委婉語,以及語義相近表達(dá)形式相同、語義相近表達(dá)形式相異和語義相異表達(dá)形式相近"的委婉語。最后,從語用功能的角度對漢韓委婉語進(jìn)行對比。同時(shí),本文還對在中國境內(nèi)和韓國國內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)漢語的情況進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查,對在中國的留學(xué)生和在韓國學(xué)習(xí)漢語的學(xué)習(xí)者委婉語的掌握與使用情況做出統(tǒng)計(jì),對他們的偏誤進(jìn)行分析。在比較理論研究與實(shí)際調(diào)查研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,本文還嘗試提出了具有針對性、實(shí)際性的教學(xué)建議,希望對漢語教師的詞匯和語用教學(xué),以及韓國漢語學(xué)習(xí)者對委婉語的正確掌握提供有益的參考。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in daily life, which involves the history, culture, psychology of all ethnic groups. Most people use euphemism frequently in life, if they do not use euphemism in communication. The use of direct expression in various situations will bring displeasure or even embarrassment to the hearer in communication, so euphemism is one of the expressions that can not be avoided in communication. It was found that several Korean students at the HSK6 level often translate Korean words directly, unconsciously saying "my grandmother is dead" and "my lower body is very fat, so I recently went to the gym to exercise". "her lower body is very slim, so envy", "lower body barrier" bias, which triggered the author of the following three thoughts, aware of the necessity of euphemism teaching: first. Second language learners do not use euphemism when using a foreign language; Second, if they don't use much, they don't have a sense of using euphemisms themselves; Third, if there is euphemism in the use of mother tongue, why not when speaking a foreign language. On the basis of this idea, according to previous research results. This paper first analyzes the category and characteristics of Chinese and Korean euphemism, and the main grammatical aspects of euphemism. By comparing the semantic and functional aspects, this paper analyzes the euphemism entries in ten middle and advanced TCFL textbooks commonly used by TCFL teachers and the practical euphemism entries in the Peking University corpus. Using practical euphemism to explore how to use euphemism to appropriately express the speaker's wishes in the actual language environment. The main part of the thesis, the third chapter, from the perspective of grammatical form and syntactic function. In the part of euphemism which is composed of Korean Chinese characters, the euphemism of Chinese and Korean synonyms is analyzed. In the part of euphemism, the relation between grammatical form and function is analyzed in the part of euphemism which is made up of Korean inherent words. From the understanding of Korean Chinese learners in the practical use of the problems that may be encountered. Secondly, semantic perspective of euphemism comparative analysis, according to the classification of Chinese and Korean euphemism. As well as the differences in the semantic expression form, the paper compares and analyzes the euphemisms in Chinese and Korean euphemism which have the same form of semantic expression, the same form of semantic expression and the different form of semantic expression. And the similar semantic expression form is the same, the semantic similar expression form is different and the semantic different expression form is similar "euphemism". Finally, from the pragmatic function angle carries on the contrast to the Chinese and the Korean euphemism. At the same time. This paper also makes a questionnaire survey on Chinese learners in China and South Korea, and makes statistics on the mastering and using of euphemism among students studying Chinese in China and learning Chinese in Korea. On the basis of comparing the results of theoretical research and actual investigation, this paper also tries to put forward some specific and practical teaching suggestions. This paper hopes to provide useful reference for the vocabulary and pragmatic teaching of Chinese teachers and the correct mastery of euphemism by Korean Chinese learners.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3

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