本文關(guān)鍵詞：戰(zhàn)后日本對(duì)緬甸賠償問(wèn)題研究（1948-1954）　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,盟軍占領(lǐng)下的日本與東南亞的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系是基于美國(guó)同東南亞關(guān)系的產(chǎn)物。待日本獨(dú)立以后,這組關(guān)系的鞏固與擴(kuò)大亟需日本與東南亞國(guó)家建立外交關(guān)系。《舊金山和約》雖然讓日本恢復(fù)了獨(dú)立,但未能滿足東南亞國(guó)家在賠償問(wèn)題上的需求。于是,菲律賓、印度尼西亞和緬甸等主要的索賠國(guó)家或沒(méi)有批準(zhǔn)該和約,或沒(méi)有與會(huì)。故日本與東南亞政治經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的重建仍有待賠償問(wèn)題的解決。緬甸是東南亞地區(qū)中第一個(gè)與日本解決賠償問(wèn)題的國(guó)家。然而,在交涉的最初階段,緬甸對(duì)于賠償問(wèn)題持觀望態(tài)度,加之日本相對(duì)忽視緬甸,致使兩國(guó)間的前期交涉進(jìn)展緩慢。這一時(shí)期,雙方主要圍繞《舊金山和約》有關(guān)"勞務(wù)賠償原則"的規(guī)定展開(kāi)博弈。最后日方作出讓步,對(duì)"勞務(wù)賠償原則"的內(nèi)涵采納了廣義解釋,實(shí)質(zhì)上突破了《舊金山和約》的規(guī)定。日本的妥協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)了緬甸對(duì)于賠償問(wèn)題的積極性,但日本堅(jiān)持以4比2比1的賠償比例來(lái)區(qū)別對(duì)待菲律賓、印尼和緬甸三國(guó),更兼日本與印尼、菲律賓賠償談判的失敗先例,令日緬雙方對(duì)賠償問(wèn)題的解決缺乏信心。也正因?yàn)槿绱?日本希望可以從緬甸上找到突破口,打破對(duì)東南亞賠償問(wèn)題的困境。在復(fù)雜的心境下,兩國(guó)進(jìn)入了正式的賠償談判階段。在談判中,日本官民相互配合。同時(shí),為了回應(yīng)緬甸對(duì)平等待遇的要求及加強(qiáng)日緬的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系,日本拿出了經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與賠償一體化的方案,并同意插入賠償再協(xié)商條款。至此,兩國(guó)解決了賠償問(wèn)題,簽署了《日緬賠償及經(jīng)濟(jì)合作協(xié)定》。日緬賠償問(wèn)題的最先解決,主要源于雙方對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)復(fù)興與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的共同需求;其次國(guó)際形勢(shì),尤其是朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)于兩國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)及對(duì)賠償問(wèn)題的態(tài)度也產(chǎn)生了推動(dòng)性影響;還有緬甸相比于其他東南亞國(guó)家更為穩(wěn)定的中央政府和異于他國(guó)的對(duì)日友好態(tài)度,亦發(fā)揮了積極的作用。特別需要注意的是日緬賠償問(wèn)題與其他賠償問(wèn)題間的聯(lián)動(dòng)性,一方面日本和其他國(guó)家的談判進(jìn)程及結(jié)果影響了日緬間的賠償問(wèn)題,另一方面日緬賠償問(wèn)題的解決及其確立的內(nèi)容、原則同樣影響到日本與其他東南亞國(guó)家間賠償問(wèn)題的處理�？偠灾�,日緬賠償問(wèn)題的交涉實(shí)踐是戰(zhàn)后日本處理同東南亞國(guó)家關(guān)系間一次有益的嘗試。由此,日本打開(kāi)了對(duì)東南亞賠償問(wèn)題的困局,相繼同菲律賓和印尼解決了賠償問(wèn)題,成功地在盡可能有利的條件下,實(shí)現(xiàn)其與東南亞政治經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的重建,為自身進(jìn)一步發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the economic and trade relations between Japan and Southeast Asia under Allied occupation were based on the relationship between the United States and Southeast Asia. The consolidation and expansion of this group of relations urgently require the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Although the Treaty of Peace in San Francisco restored independence to Japan, it failed to meet the needs of Southeast Asian countries on the question of compensation. Major claimants, such as the Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar, may not have ratified the treaty. Therefore, the reconstruction of political and economic relations between Japan and Southeast Asia has yet to be resolved. Myanmar is the first country in Southeast Asia to resolve the issue of compensation with Japan. However, in the initial stage of negotiations. Burma's wait-and-see approach to reparations, coupled with Japan's relative neglect of Burma, has made progress on earlier negotiations between the two countries slow. In the end, the Japanese side made concessions and adopted a broad interpretation of the connotation of the "labor compensation principle". Japan's compromise has mobilized Myanmar's enthusiasm on the issue of compensation, but Japan insists on treating the Philippines differently with a compensation ratio of 4 to 2: 1. The failure of the compensation negotiations between Indonesia and Myanmar, as well as Japan and Indonesia, and the Philippines, has made Japan and Myanmar lack confidence in the settlement of the compensation issue. Because of this, Japan hopes to find a breakthrough from Myanmar. To break the dilemma of compensation to Southeast Asia. In the complex state of mind, the two countries entered the formal compensation negotiations. In the negotiations, the Japanese government and people cooperate with each other. At the same time. In response to Myanmar's demand for equal treatment and to strengthen economic and trade relations between Japan and Myanmar, Japan put forward a plan for economic cooperation and compensation integration, and agreed to insert a compensation renegotiation clause. Thus, the two countries resolved the issue of compensation. Signed the Agreement on compensation and Economic Cooperation between Japan and Myanmar. The first solution to the problem of compensation in Japan and Myanmar is mainly due to the common needs of both sides for domestic recovery and economic development. Secondly, the international situation, especially the Korean War, also has a push effect on the domestic economy of the two countries and the attitude to the question of compensation. There is also Myanmar's more stable central government than other Southeast Asian countries and its friendly attitude towards Japan, which is different from other countries. It has also played an active role. It is particularly important to note the linkage between Japan and Myanmar compensation and other compensation issues. On the one hand, the negotiation process and results between Japan and other countries have affected the issue of compensation between Japan and Myanmar. On the other hand, the settlement of the compensation problem between Japan and Myanmar and the content of its establishment, the principle also affects the settlement of the compensation problem between Japan and other Southeast Asian countries. The negotiation practice of the issue of compensation between Japan and Myanmar was a useful attempt to deal with the relations between Japan and Southeast Asian countries after the war. The compensation problem was solved with the Philippines and Indonesia one after another, and the reconstruction of its political and economic relations with Southeast Asia was successfully realized under the best possible conditions, which laid a good foundation for its further development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K153

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