本文選題：內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì) + 邊緣前皮質(zhì)�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：前額葉(Prefrontal cortex,PFC)又稱額前皮質(zhì),為額葉初級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)皮質(zhì)和次級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)皮質(zhì)之前的全部額葉皮質(zhì),屬最高級(jí)別的聯(lián)合皮質(zhì)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在“系統(tǒng)發(fā)生中最晚出現(xiàn),個(gè)體發(fā)育時(shí)最遲成熟”,是唯一與丘腦背內(nèi)側(cè)核有交互纖維聯(lián)系的新皮質(zhì)。大鼠PFC依據(jù)其形態(tài)學(xué)特征分為背外側(cè)前額葉、眶額葉和內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉。其中,內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉(Medial prefrontal cortex,MPFC)主要包括背側(cè)部和腹側(cè)部,背側(cè)部范圍較小,與靈長(zhǎng)類背外側(cè)部同源,主要參與各種運(yùn)動(dòng)行為的調(diào)節(jié)(如眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)等);腹側(cè)部占據(jù)MPFC大部分,與邊緣系統(tǒng)間存在大量的纖維投射,參與情感、認(rèn)知、內(nèi)臟活動(dòng)的調(diào)控,依其結(jié)構(gòu)與功能可分為邊緣前皮質(zhì)(Prelimbic cortex,PL)和邊緣下皮質(zhì)(Infralimbic cortex,IL)兩部分。其中,PL主要與認(rèn)知(注意力調(diào)控、工作記憶等)、情感(條件性恐懼、焦慮等)及執(zhí)行控制等功能相關(guān),又稱“認(rèn)知-情感活動(dòng)皮質(zhì)”;IL主要與內(nèi)臟自主神經(jīng)功能活動(dòng)相關(guān),可發(fā)出纖維廣泛投射到皮質(zhì)下參與調(diào)控內(nèi)臟自主神經(jīng)功能活動(dòng)的核團(tuán)(如下丘腦、孤束核、迷走背核、疑核等),參與心血管、胃腸功能活動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)等,故又稱“內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)皮質(zhì)”。另外PL和IL二者相互之間還存在密集的纖維投射。大鼠束縛-浸水應(yīng)激(Restraint water-immersion stress,RWIS)為生理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、心理學(xué)研究中常用的應(yīng)激模型。RWIS是一種強(qiáng)度較大的復(fù)合應(yīng)激,既包含生理性應(yīng)激成分(如饑餓、制動(dòng)、冷水等刺激因素),又有心理性應(yīng)激成分(如大鼠因RWIS而產(chǎn)生的憤怒、恐懼、焦慮等情緒變化刺激因素)。兩類應(yīng)激成分共同作用可致嚴(yán)重的胃腸機(jī)能紊亂(如胃運(yùn)動(dòng)亢進(jìn)、胃酸分泌增多等),甚至胃黏膜損傷。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究證實(shí),RWIS所致胃腸機(jī)能紊亂的外周神經(jīng)機(jī)制,主要是因?yàn)椤案苯桓猩窠?jīng)系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)加強(qiáng)”所致。關(guān)于其中樞神經(jīng)機(jī)制,經(jīng)多年研究已知,初級(jí)中樞—延髓胃腸中樞、較高位中樞—下丘腦都參與了這一生理過(guò)程,但對(duì)于最高位中樞—大腦皮質(zhì)的作用及其調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制,目前尚未確定,鮮見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期工作發(fā)現(xiàn),大鼠RWIS不同時(shí)間段(0min、30 min、60 min、120 min、180 min),除延髓胃腸中樞和下丘腦神經(jīng)元有強(qiáng)烈的Fos陽(yáng)性表達(dá)外,大鼠MPFC(主要是PL和IL)內(nèi)神經(jīng)元的Fos蛋白的表達(dá)也顯著增加,表明PL和IL參與了RWIS反應(yīng)。那么PL和IL在RWIS所致胃粘膜損傷中是否參與對(duì)胃功能活動(dòng)的調(diào)控?分別發(fā)揮何種作用?與非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下相比,這種調(diào)控作用是否相同?其可能的調(diào)控機(jī)制是什么?PL和IL二者之間在功能上有無(wú)內(nèi)在聯(lián)系?目前均未見(jiàn)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本研究重點(diǎn)以RWIS大鼠為研究對(duì)象,同時(shí)將非應(yīng)激大鼠作為參照,研究MPFC(PL和IL)與胃功能活動(dòng)之間的調(diào)控關(guān)系及PL和IL二者之間的相互關(guān)系。本論文共設(shè)計(jì)了五部分實(shí)驗(yàn):實(shí)驗(yàn)一:DA作為一種重要的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),可與MPFC內(nèi)的多種受體(如D1、D2受體)結(jié)合,廣泛參與大鼠的情感、認(rèn)知及自主功能的活動(dòng)過(guò)程;L-Glu為常用的谷氨酸受體激動(dòng)劑,MPFC內(nèi)大部分神經(jīng)元胞體膜上皆有其受體。本研究利用中樞微量給藥技術(shù),研究了向PL和IL微量注射DA和L-Glu,對(duì)比觀察給藥前后胃運(yùn)動(dòng)、胃酸分泌的變化。結(jié)果:1)向PL中段和后段微量注射DA(0.2 mol/L,200 n L),在注藥后的三個(gè)連續(xù)5 min內(nèi),大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的頻率顯著降低(P㩳0.05),同時(shí)伴隨短時(shí)(5 min)的收縮波平均時(shí)程延長(zhǎng)(P㩳0.05),但對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)其他指標(biāo),則幾乎沒(méi)有影響;對(duì)胃酸分泌也無(wú)影響。2)將DA注射到大鼠IL的前、中、后段,均未引起胃收縮活動(dòng)及胃酸分泌的顯著性變化(P㧐0.05)。3)向PL和IL內(nèi)微量注射L-Glu,對(duì)大鼠的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)、胃酸分泌、呼吸頻率及心率均未產(chǎn)生顯著影響。小結(jié):1)大鼠麻醉狀態(tài)下,PL中段和后段神經(jīng)元受DA調(diào)控,產(chǎn)生的綜合信息下行對(duì)大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)有一定的抑制作用,但對(duì)胃酸分泌無(wú)影響;IL內(nèi)的DA敏感神經(jīng)元不參與對(duì)胃功能活動(dòng)的調(diào)控作用;2)大鼠麻醉狀態(tài)下,PL和IL內(nèi)L-Glu所興奮的神經(jīng)元與大鼠胃功能活動(dòng)之間無(wú)功能上的聯(lián)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)二:RWIS致胃腸機(jī)能紊亂的同時(shí),可使MPFC內(nèi)神經(jīng)元的Fos蛋白表達(dá)增多,表明MPFC參與了RWIS反應(yīng),那么MPFC在RWIS所致的胃黏膜損傷中發(fā)揮何種作用?本研究以胃黏膜損傷指數(shù)為指標(biāo),以清醒大鼠為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,比較觀察單側(cè)、雙側(cè)MPFC損毀大鼠與假手術(shù)大鼠,RWIS對(duì)其胃黏膜損傷程度的不同。結(jié)果:1)與假手術(shù)組相比,單側(cè)、雙側(cè)損毀MPFC皆可有效降低由RWIS引起的胃黏膜損傷程度(P㩳0.01);2)雙側(cè)MPFC損毀降低胃黏膜損傷的效果優(yōu)于單側(cè)損毀(P㩳0.05)。小結(jié):大鼠MPFC在RWIS所致胃黏膜損傷中,對(duì)胃功能活動(dòng)具有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)三:結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)一和實(shí)驗(yàn)二結(jié)果,為進(jìn)一步探究大鼠在RWIS過(guò)程中,MPFC的兩個(gè)部分—PL和IL,各自對(duì)胃功能活動(dòng)(胃運(yùn)動(dòng)及胃酸分泌)的調(diào)控作用,本研究以清醒大鼠為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,將大鼠分為假手術(shù)組、雙側(cè)PL損毀組、雙側(cè)IL損毀組、雙側(cè)PL和IL同時(shí)損毀組。比較觀察四組大鼠在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下和清醒RWIS 4 h過(guò)程中的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)(重點(diǎn)關(guān)注胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的平均幅度、胃運(yùn)動(dòng)指數(shù)及收縮分?jǐn)?shù))、胃酸分泌變化情況。結(jié)果:1)大鼠處于清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的平均幅度、胃運(yùn)動(dòng)指數(shù)及收縮分?jǐn)?shù)較假手術(shù)組均有明顯增加,增加程度:雙側(cè)PL和IL同時(shí)損毀組雙側(cè)IL損毀組雙側(cè)PL損毀組;2)當(dāng)大鼠處于RWIS 4 h過(guò)程中,假手術(shù)組大鼠的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)出了顯著的亢進(jìn):各項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)與自身應(yīng)激前相比均存在顯著性差異(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01)。雙側(cè)PL損毀組大鼠的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)平均幅度、胃運(yùn)動(dòng)指數(shù)在整個(gè)應(yīng)激過(guò)程中,與自身應(yīng)激前相比,并無(wú)顯著性變化。雙側(cè)IL損毀組大鼠和雙側(cè)PL和IL同時(shí)損毀組大鼠的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)平均幅度、胃運(yùn)動(dòng)指數(shù)及收縮分?jǐn)?shù)則皆受到了顯著的抑制(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01)。該結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)二的結(jié)果前后呼應(yīng),提示PL和IL的損毀對(duì)RWIS所致的胃運(yùn)動(dòng)亢進(jìn)有抑制作用,抑制程度:雙側(cè)PL和IL同時(shí)損毀組雙側(cè)IL損毀組雙側(cè)PL損毀組;3)大鼠在RWIS 4 h過(guò)程中,與假手術(shù)組相比,雙側(cè)PL和IL同時(shí)損毀組大鼠的胃液分泌量及H+分泌量均顯著增多(P㩳0.05)、同時(shí)碳酸氫鹽含量顯著下降(P㩳0.05)。小結(jié):1)大鼠在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,MPFC的傳出信息對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)起抑制作用,且IL的抑制效果強(qiáng)于PL,二者聯(lián)合作用效果更強(qiáng);2)大鼠在清醒RWIS應(yīng)激過(guò)程中,MPFC的傳出信息對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)起促進(jìn)作用,且IL的促進(jìn)效果強(qiáng)于PL,二者聯(lián)合作用效果最強(qiáng);同時(shí)MPFC的傳出信息對(duì)胃酸分泌也有一定影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)四:結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)三結(jié)果,為進(jìn)一步探明PL和IL內(nèi)不同類型的神經(jīng)元在大鼠清醒RWIS過(guò)程中分別所扮演的角色,以及PL和IL二者之間神經(jīng)元活動(dòng)的相互關(guān)系,本研究利用在體多通道神經(jīng)信號(hào)采集技術(shù),同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)兩種不同模態(tài)的神經(jīng)信號(hào)—鋒電位(Spike)和局部場(chǎng)電位(Local field potentials,LFPs),進(jìn)而研究大鼠在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下和清醒RWIS過(guò)程中PL和IL內(nèi)錐體神經(jīng)元、中間神經(jīng)元Spike電活動(dòng)規(guī)律及LFPs活動(dòng)規(guī)律。結(jié)果:1)大鼠在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,PL內(nèi)的錐體神經(jīng)元爆發(fā)式放電率顯著高于IL(P㩳0.05),而IL內(nèi)中間神經(jīng)元的爆發(fā)式放電率則顯著高于PL(P㩳0.05);2)大鼠在RWIS 4 h過(guò)程中,PL內(nèi)的絕大部分錐體神經(jīng)元和所有的中間神經(jīng)元皆表現(xiàn)出了抑制效應(yīng)(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01),且隨應(yīng)激時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),其放電率、爆發(fā)式放電率及爆發(fā)式放電百分比均顯著下降(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01)。同時(shí),RWIS導(dǎo)致PL內(nèi)LFPs中的低頻段分量信號(hào)(0.5-3 Hz,3-7 Hz)顯著增多而中高頻段分量信號(hào)(7-12 Hz,12-30 Hz,30-100 Hz)顯著減少(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01),且LFPs的功率譜密度分析及時(shí)域分析結(jié)果均與該結(jié)果的變化趨勢(shì)相一致。提示大鼠在RWIS過(guò)程中,整個(gè)PL表現(xiàn)出了興奮程度降低的趨勢(shì)。3)大鼠在RWIS 4 h過(guò)程中,IL內(nèi)所有的中間神經(jīng)元和少部分錐體神經(jīng)元表現(xiàn)出了抑制效應(yīng)(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01)。其余大部分錐體神經(jīng)元皆因RWIS表現(xiàn)出了興奮效應(yīng),但興奮僅在應(yīng)激第1 h、第2 h較明顯,與應(yīng)激前相比有顯著性差異(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01)。同時(shí),與PL的LFPs活動(dòng)規(guī)律相反,RWIS導(dǎo)致IL內(nèi)LFPs中的低頻段分量信號(hào)(0.5-3 Hz,3-7 Hz)顯著減少而高頻段分量信號(hào)(12-30 Hz,30-100 Hz)顯著增多(P㩳0.05或P㩳0.01),且LFPs的功率譜密度分析及時(shí)域分析結(jié)果均與該結(jié)果的變化趨勢(shì)相一致。提示大鼠在RWIS過(guò)程中,整個(gè)IL表現(xiàn)出了興奮程度升高的趨勢(shì)。小結(jié):1)大鼠在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,PL內(nèi)錐體神經(jīng)元的興奮程度相對(duì)較高,使得整個(gè)PL表現(xiàn)出了相對(duì)興奮狀態(tài);而IL內(nèi)中間神經(jīng)元的興奮程度相對(duì)較高,且多數(shù)可能是抑制性神經(jīng)元,所以使得整個(gè)IL表現(xiàn)出了相對(duì)抑制狀態(tài);2)RWIS可對(duì)大鼠PL內(nèi)的錐體神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生抑制作用,而對(duì)IL內(nèi)的錐體神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生興奮作用。3)大鼠無(wú)論在清醒非應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,還是在RWIS過(guò)程中,其PL和IL內(nèi)的神經(jīng)元活動(dòng)規(guī)律均不同,并表現(xiàn)出了相對(duì)立的活動(dòng)狀態(tài)。實(shí)驗(yàn)五:考慮到PL和IL在認(rèn)知、情感及執(zhí)行控制中的重要作用,結(jié)合RWIS中的心理性應(yīng)激因素與MPFC的關(guān)系,本研究設(shè)計(jì)了曠場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),觀察損毀MPFC后大鼠的情緒、情感及認(rèn)知能力的變化。結(jié)果:與假手術(shù)組相比,損毀MPFC可導(dǎo)致大鼠的焦慮情緒和條件性恐懼情緒加重,對(duì)外界刺激更敏感,更膽小怯懦;同時(shí)伴隨認(rèn)知能力的下降。小結(jié):MPFC在大鼠情緒、情感的表達(dá)中主要執(zhí)行抑制功能。
[Abstract]:The prefrontal cortex (Prefrontal cortex, PFC), also known as the prefrontal cortex, is the highest level of the frontal cortex, the highest level of the frontal cortex, before the primary frontal cortex and the secondary motor cortex. The rat PFC is divided into the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, the frontal lobe and the medial prefrontal lobe according to its morphological characteristics. The medial prefrontal lobe (Medial prefrontal cortex, MPFC) mainly includes the dorsal and ventral parts. The dorsal part is small and is homologous with the primate dorsolateral part. It is mainly involved in the regulation of various kinds of movement behavior (such as eye movement, etc.); the ventral side occupies M. Most of PFC, with a large amount of fiber projection between the edge system, participates in the regulation of emotional, cognitive, and visceral activities. According to its structure and function, it can be divided into two parts: the Prelimbic cortex (PL) and the marginal cortex (Infralimbic cortex, IL). Among them, PL main needs and cognition (attention control, working memory, etc.), emotion (conditioned fear,) Anxiety, etc., and the function of executive control, also known as "cognitive - affective active cortex"; IL is mainly related to the autonomic autonomic function of the viscera, and can emit a wide range of fibers projecting into the cortex under the cortex (the following thalamus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the nucleus of the vagus, the nucleus, and so on), involved in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal function activities. It is also known as the "visceral motor cortex". In addition, there are dense fibrous projection between PL and IL two. Rat binding immersion stress (Restraint water-immersion stress, RWIS) is a physiological, medical, and psychological stress model.RWIS is a kind of stronger compound stress, including physiological stress. Components (such as starvation, braking, cold water and other irritation factors), and psychological stress components (such as anger, fear, anxiety, and other irritation factors in rats caused by RWIS). The combination of two kinds of stress components can cause serious gastrointestinal dysfunction (such as hyperactivity of stomach, gastric acid secretion, etc.), even gastric mucosal injury. The study has confirmed that the peripheral nervous mechanism of the gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by RWIS is mainly due to the "enhancement of the parasympathetic nervous system activity". In the study of the pivot mechanism, the primary center, the medullary gastrointestinal center, and the higher central hypothalamus are involved in this physiological process. The role of cortex and its regulatory mechanism are not yet confirmed, and there are few literature reports. Earlier work in the laboratory found that rats RWIS (0min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min) had strong Fos positive expression in the medullary gastrointestinal center and hypothalamus neurons, and the expression of Fos protein in MPFC (mainly PL and IL) neurons in rats. Also significantly increased, indicating that PL and IL are involved in the RWIS response. Then, what is the role of PL and IL in the regulation of gastric mucosal damage induced by RWIS? What are the same regulatory effects compared with non stress states? What is the possible regulatory mechanism? There is a functional relationship between the PL and IL two. This study focuses on RWIS rats and studies the relationship between MPFC (PL and IL) and gastric function activities and the relationship between PL and IL two. This paper has designed a total of five experiments: Experiment 1: DA as an important neurotransmitter, Combined with a variety of receptors (such as D1, D2 receptor) in MPFC, it is widely involved in the emotional, cognitive and autonomic activities of rats; L-Glu is a commonly used glutamate receptor agonist, and most of the neurons in MPFC have their receptors. This study used central microinjection techniques to study the microinjection of DA and L-Glu to PL and IL, compared with PL and IL. The changes in gastric motility and gastric acid secretion were observed before and after the administration. Results: 1) DA (0.2 mol/L, 200 N L) was injected into the middle and posterior segments of PL, and the frequency of gastric motility in the rats decreased significantly (P? 0.05) in the three consecutive 5 min after injection, while the average time history of short time (5 min) was prolonged (P? 0.05), but the other indexes of gastric motility were almost no more. There was no effect on gastric acid secretion and no effect on.2). Before DA injection into IL of rat, no significant changes in gastric contraction activity and gastric acid secretion (P? 0.05).3) were injected into PL and IL, and L-Glu was injected into PL and IL, and no significant effect on gastric motility, gastric acid secretion, respiratory frequency and heart rate. The neurons in the segment and the posterior segment were regulated by DA, and the integrated information was inhibited, but it had no effect on gastric acid secretion, and the DA sensitive neurons in IL did not participate in the regulation of gastric function. 2) under the anesthetic state of the rats, there was no function between the neurons excited by L-Glu in PL and IL and the function of gastric function in rats. The connection. Experiment two: RWIS induced gastrointestinal dysfunction at the same time, can increase the expression of Fos protein in MPFC neurons, indicating the participation of MPFC in the RWIS reaction, and what role of MPFC in the gastric mucosal injury induced by RWIS? This study took the index of gastric mucosal injury as the index, and compared the unilateral and bilateral MP in conscious rats. FC damage of rats and sham rats and RWIS to the degree of gastric mucosal damage. Results: 1) compared with the sham group, unilateral and bilateral damage of MPFC could effectively reduce the degree of gastric mucosal injury caused by RWIS (P? 0.01); 2) bilateral MPFC damage reduction of gastric mucosal damage was better than unilateral damage (P? 0.05). Conclusion: MPFC in RWIS caused by rats. In gastric mucosal injury, it has an important regulatory effect on gastric function activity. Experiment three: combined with the results of experiment one and experiment two, the effects of two parts of MPFC, PL and IL, on gastric function activities (gastric motility and gastric acid secretion) in rats were further explored. For the sham operation group, bilateral PL damage group, bilateral IL damage group, bilateral PL and IL simultaneously damaged group. The gastric motility in the four groups of rats in awake non stress state and awake RWIS 4 h process (focus on the average amplitude of gastric motility, gastric motility index and contraction fraction), gastric acid secretion change. Results: 1) rats were in the awake non should. The average amplitude of gastric motility, the gastric motility index and the systolic fraction of the rats in the experimental group were significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the sham operation group, and the increase was: bilateral PL and IL simultaneously damaged group bilateral IL damage group bilateral PL damage group; 2) when the rats were in the RWIS 4 h process, the stomach movement of the sham operation group showed significant hyperactivity: various statistics There were significant differences in the indexes compared with those before stress (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01). The average amplitude of gastric motility in the rats with bilateral PL damage group, and the gastric motility index in the whole stress process, had no significant changes compared with that before stress. The average amplitude of gastric motility in rats with bilateral IL damage group and bilateral PL and IL damaged rats, stomach movement Both the dynamic index and the contraction fraction were significantly suppressed (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01). The results were echoed with the results of experiment two, suggesting that the damage of PL and IL was inhibited by RWIS induced gastric hyperactivity, the degree of inhibition was: bilateral PL and IL damage group bilateral IL damage group bilateral PL lesion group; 3) rats in the RWIS 4 h process, and false hands. Compared with the operation group, the gastric juice secretion and H+ secretion of both bilateral PL and IL rats were significantly increased (P? 0.05), and the content of bicarbonate decreased significantly (P? 0.05). 1) in the sober non stress state, the efferent information of MPFC was inhibited by the MPFC, and the inhibitory effect of IL was stronger than that of PL, and the effect of the two combined effect was stronger; 2 In the course of conscious RWIS stress, the efferent information of MPFC promoted the motion of the stomach, and the effect of IL was stronger than that of PL, and the combination of the two had the strongest effect. At the same time, the efferent information of MPFC also had a certain influence on the secretion of gastric acid. Experiment four: combined with the result of experiment three, the different types of neurons in PL and IL were further explored in the rat clear. The roles played during the wake of RWIS, as well as the interaction of neuronal activity between PL and IL two, are used in this study to monitor the neural signal front potential (Spike) and local field potential (Local field potentials, LFPs) of the two different modes of neural signal acquisition. The Spike electrical activity and LFPs activity of pyramidal neurons and intermediate neurons in PL and IL in stimulated state and awake RWIS process. Results: 1) the explosive discharge rate of pyramidal neurons in PL was significantly higher than that of IL (P? 0.05) in the sober non stress state, while the explosive rate of the intermediate deity in IL was significantly higher than that of PL (P? 0.05); 2) In the RWIS 4 h process, most pyramidal neurons and all the intermediate neurons in PL showed inhibitory effects (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01), and with the prolonged stress time, the discharge rate, explosive discharge rate and the percentage of explosive discharge were significantly decreased (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01). At the same time, RWIS led to the low frequency component of LFPs in PL. The number (0.5-3 Hz, 3-7 Hz) was significantly increased while the medium and high frequency component signals (7-12 Hz, 12-30 Hz, 30-100 Hz) were significantly reduced (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01), and the power spectral density analysis and time domain analysis of LFPs were all consistent with the trend of this result. During IS 4 h, all the intermediate and few pyramidal neurons in IL showed inhibitory effects (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01). Most of the rest of the pyramidal neurons were excited by RWIS, but the excitement was only under stress first h, second h was obvious, and there was a significant difference compared with pre stress (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01). And PL LFPs. On the contrary, RWIS leads to a significant decrease in the low frequency component signal (0.5-3 Hz, 3-7 Hz) in the IL LFPs and a significant increase in the high frequency component signal (12-30 Hz, 30-100 Hz) (P? 0.05 or P? 0.01), and the LFPs power spectral density analysis and time domain analysis results are in accordance with the trend of the result. There is a tendency to increase the degree of excitement. Summary: 1) in the non stress state of the rat, the excitatory degree of the PL pyramidal neurons is relatively high in the conscious and non stress state, making the whole PL relatively excited state, while the degree of excitement in the IL intermediate neurons is relatively high, and most of them may be inhibitory neurons, so that the whole IL is relative. Inhibition state; 2) RWIS can inhibit the pyramidal neurons in the rat PL, and produce excitatory effect on the pyramidal neurons in IL,.3) in the awake non stress state, or in the RWIS process, the neuronal activity rules in PL and IL are different, and the relative active state is shown. Experiment five: PL and IL are considered. The important role in cognition, emotion and executive control combined with the relationship between psychological stress factors and MPFC in RWIS. This study designed a open field experiment to observe the changes in emotional, emotional and cognitive abilities of rats after damaging MPFC. Results: compared with the sham operation group, the damage of MPFC can lead to anxiety and conditioned fear in rats. It is more sensitive to external stimuli, more timid and cowardly, accompanied by a decrease in cognitive ability. Conclusion: MPFC mainly performs inhibition in emotional and emotional expression in rats.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R338

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