發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-03 07:01

【摘要】：作為一種客觀存在,法律傳播中的“知溝”現(xiàn)象是指在法律傳播中,不同的受眾之間、或者傳播者與受眾之間,基于對(duì)法律知識(shí)掌握程度的不同所形成的一種“知識(shí)鴻溝”。法律如何運(yùn)行、在運(yùn)行中會(huì)產(chǎn)生何種效應(yīng),以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些效應(yīng),傳播學(xué)中的“知溝”理論為更好地研究這一問題提供了新的視角。在法律文本、法律實(shí)踐、法律效果中均存在著大量的法律“知溝”現(xiàn)象。通過對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象的梳理,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),法律“知溝”現(xiàn)象存在著正負(fù)兩個(gè)方面的影響。法律傳播中“知溝”現(xiàn)象的形成主要包括三個(gè)方面的原因。社會(huì)分層的驅(qū)使、個(gè)體選擇的興趣和動(dòng)機(jī)的需要、以及法律語言特性的制約。從其對(duì)法律“知溝”現(xiàn)象形成的影響來看,社會(huì)分層的驅(qū)使是主要原因,對(duì)法律“知溝”現(xiàn)象的形成起著至關(guān)重要的作用,是內(nèi)因；而個(gè)體選擇的興趣和動(dòng)機(jī)、以及法律語言對(duì)法律“知溝”現(xiàn)象的形成,雖然,也存在一定的影響,但其是外因。法律傳播中的“知溝”現(xiàn)象在形成之后會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩種不同的效應(yīng)：正效應(yīng)和負(fù)效應(yīng)。正效應(yīng)包括三個(gè)方面,即強(qiáng)化國(guó)家權(quán)力的分配、促進(jìn)法律職業(yè)共同體的建構(gòu)、推進(jìn)法律傳播的轉(zhuǎn)型。正效應(yīng)對(duì)法治國(guó)家的建構(gòu)起著積極的推動(dòng)作用；負(fù)效應(yīng)也包括三個(gè)方面,即造成法律信任危機(jī)、帶來法律互動(dòng)的阻隔、以及造成法律強(qiáng)者的“自我拔高”與法律弱者的“自我矮化”,負(fù)效應(yīng)對(duì)法治國(guó)家的建構(gòu)起著消極的阻礙作用。對(duì)于法律傳播中“知溝”現(xiàn)象所產(chǎn)生的正效應(yīng),我們可以通過加快推進(jìn)法律職業(yè)化建設(shè)、倡導(dǎo)法律尊重人的傳播觀,來進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng),并盡可能地不斷發(fā)揮其積極功效。而對(duì)于法律傳播中“知溝”現(xiàn)象所產(chǎn)生的負(fù)效應(yīng),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取行之有效的方法進(jìn)行消減。具體應(yīng)對(duì)方法包括三種：對(duì)弱者的法律援助、健全和完善法律信息公開制度、強(qiáng)化法律語言傳播的易讀性。通過科學(xué)有效的路徑,來重塑法律信任、恢復(fù)法律互動(dòng),在不斷縮小法律“知溝”的同時(shí),促進(jìn)法治國(guó)家的建構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:As an objective existence, the phenomenon of "knowledge gap" in legal communication refers to a "knowledge gap" formed between different audiences in legal communication, or between communicators and audiences, based on the different degree of mastery of legal knowledge. How the law works, what kind of effect will be produced in the operation, and how to deal with these effects, the theory of "knowing gap" in communication provides a new angle of view to study this problem better. In the legal texts, legal practice and legal effects, there is a large number of legal "know gap" phenomenon. Through combing these phenomena, we can find that there are positive and negative effects on the phenomenon of "knowing gap" in law. The formation of "knowledge gap" in legal communication mainly includes three reasons. The social stratification drives, the individual choice interest and the motive need, as well as the legal language characteristic restriction. From its influence on the formation of legal "knowing gap", the driving of social stratification is the main reason, which plays a vital role in the formation of legal "know gap" phenomenon and is the internal cause. The interest and motivation of individual choice, as well as the formation of legal language to the phenomenon of "knowing the gap", have some influence, but they are the external cause. The phenomenon of "knowing gap" in legal communication will produce two different effects: positive effect and negative effect. The positive effect includes three aspects: strengthening the distribution of state power, promoting the construction of legal professional community and promoting the transformation of law dissemination. The positive effect plays a positive role in the construction of a country ruled by law; The negative effect also includes three aspects, namely, the crisis of legal trust, the barrier of legal interaction, and the "self-elevation" of the legal strong and the "self-dwarfing" of the weak. The negative effect has a negative effect on the construction of a country ruled by law. As to the positive effect of the phenomenon of "knowing the gap" in legal communication, we can further strengthen it by speeding up the construction of legal professionalization and advocating the view of law to respect people, and exert its positive effect as far as possible. However, we should take effective measures to reduce the negative effects of the phenomenon of "knowing the gap" in the dissemination of law. There are three ways to deal with this problem: legal aid for the weak, perfect and perfect the open system of legal information, and strengthen the readability of legal language dissemination. Through the scientific and effective way to rebuild the legal trust, restore the legal interaction, while constantly narrowing the legal "gap", promote the construction of a country ruled by law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D90
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本文編號(hào)：2307046