岳麓書院德育研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-19 12:24
【摘要】：岳麓書院初創(chuàng)于北宋,經(jīng)歷了南宋的發(fā)展而逐漸興盛,重修于元代而再次“振美一時(shí)”于明代。在清代官方的支持下得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,最終于近現(xiàn)代改制為學(xué)堂直至今天的岳麓書院。岳麓書院一直秉承著以“明道傳道”為核心的人文精神和以“獨(dú)立創(chuàng)新”為核心的學(xué)術(shù)精神,確立了育德為先的教育核心,將道德教育置于整個(gè)教育活動(dòng)的中心與首位。這一精神指明了辦學(xué)的方向,為岳麓書院的千年發(fā)展打下了基礎(chǔ)。但好的辦學(xué)精神還需要充實(shí)詳盡的內(nèi)容來體現(xiàn),這是關(guān)系到書院教學(xué)能否體現(xiàn)辦學(xué)宗旨、符合人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的大事。岳麓書院以“明人倫”為其德育內(nèi)容設(shè)置的基本要求,以儒家經(jīng)典為基本教材,以程朱理學(xué)為重要組成部分,并輔以歷史典籍,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)完整而系統(tǒng)的德育課程體系。岳麓書院在對(duì)儒家教育理論的繼承和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,形成了一個(gè)完整的有計(jì)劃、有組織的德育體系,制定了一整套制度化、可操作的道德教育的方法與制度。岳麓書院德育的方法包括講會(huì)與會(huì)講、祭祀與分年教育。臨時(shí)的聚會(huì)講學(xué)一般稱為會(huì)講,定期舉行的聚會(huì)講學(xué)一般稱為講會(huì),其中便有歷史上著名的“朱張會(huì)講”。祭祀是岳麓書院向生徒傳遞儒家綱常倫理和進(jìn)行德性培育的重要方式。它把祭祀作為對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思想品德教育的一種手段和形式,以先圣先賢的道德人品為楷模,來陶冶學(xué)生之品德,樹立德育規(guī)范。分年教育即為了達(dá)致岳麓書院“成圣賢”的總目標(biāo),書院教育家們根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡及不同階段的心理發(fā)展、思維發(fā)展特征等,將道德教育分為“小學(xué)”與“大學(xué)”兩個(gè)階段:“小學(xué)”為“打坯�！彪A段,學(xué)習(xí)“形而下”之禮,養(yǎng)成良好的禮儀習(xí)慣;“大學(xué)”則窮“形而上”之理,格物致知,尋求“理義”之道。岳麓書院德育的制度包括學(xué)規(guī)與考課。岳麓書院學(xué)規(guī),雖幾經(jīng)流變,卻一直“以理義悅其心”為特點(diǎn),具體體現(xiàn)在以“理義”為核心,以講究求道,擇良友,貴篤行為核心,激發(fā)學(xué)生內(nèi)心向善的本性;以“徽言”為載體,講究以溫婉勸勉式的語言表達(dá)對(duì)學(xué)生的尊敬與誠(chéng)意,使學(xué)生易于從心底接受;并最終以“悅其心”為目的,培養(yǎng)了大批愛國(guó)、為民的思想家�？颊n是岳麓書院用以對(duì)肄業(yè)生徒進(jìn)行德行與學(xué)業(yè)考核,評(píng)定優(yōu)劣,確定升降,給予獎(jiǎng)懲的一種制度。岳麓書院的考課主要包括“德業(yè)”考課與“學(xué)業(yè)”考課,其中以“德業(yè)”考課為重�！暗聵I(yè)”考課主要考察學(xué)生“道德”方面,檢查學(xué)生的行為是否合乎社會(huì)道德規(guī)范、思想是否符合社會(huì)的普遍價(jià)值,來促進(jìn)學(xué)生道德上的規(guī)范與提升。岳麓書院同樣注重發(fā)揮建筑環(huán)境的隱性德育意蘊(yùn),如選址與布局體現(xiàn)了禮樂相成的思想、楹聯(lián)與匾額有著發(fā)人深省的作用、園林與雕飾采用了“比德”的手法,意圖達(dá)到“暢神”的境界。在人文環(huán)境上,岳麓書院的山長(zhǎng)、教師也注重通過言傳身教為生徒樹立榜樣;尊重愛護(hù)學(xué)生以營(yíng)造民主平等的氛圍;通過師生之間的互動(dòng)辯難為生徒達(dá)到教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)的目的。雖然岳麓書院德育多存在封建社會(huì)的烙印,其目標(biāo)多在于維護(hù)封建等級(jí)秩序,但瑕不掩瑜,岳麓書院德育的頗多方面,如以“明道傳道”為核心的人文精神與以“求學(xué)創(chuàng)新”的學(xué)術(shù)精神,獨(dú)具特色的分年教育,學(xué)規(guī)中“以理義悅其心”的特色,書院建筑的隱性德育意蘊(yùn)等仍能為當(dāng)代教育提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yue's College had gone through the development of the Song Dynasty and became prosperous and rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty. "Zhenmei Time" In the Ming Dynasty. With the support of the official support of the Qing Dynasty, it was further developed, and finally transformed into the school hall in modern times till today's Yue Yuan Academy. Yueju College has been adhering to the principle of The Missionary Society of the Ming Dynasty the humanistic spirit of the core and the purpose of "Independent Innovation" As the core academic spirit, the education core of Yude is established, and the moral education is placed at the center and the first place of the whole educational activity. This spirit points out the direction of running schools and lays the foundation for the Millennium Development of Yueju College. But the good school spirit needs to enrich the detailed content to reflect, this is the relationship to the college teaching can reflect the purpose of running the school, accord with the goal of the talent training. Yue Chung College to "Ming Renlun" In order to set the basic requirements for the content of moral education, the Confucian classics is the basic teaching material, and Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is an important part, supplemented by historical materialism, and a complete and systematic moral education curriculum system has been constructed. On the basis of the inheritance and development of Confucian educational theory, Yueju College has formed a complete systematic and organized moral education system, and developed a set of methods and system of systematic and operable moral education. The method for moral education in Yueju College includes talks, sacrifices and annual education. The casual party lectures are generally called sessions, and regular party lectures are commonly referred to as sessions, where there is a history of well-known "Zhu Zhang will say". The sacrificial ceremony is an important way to transfer the Confucian school ethics and moral cultivation to the students in Yue Yuan's College. It takes the sacrifice as a means and form of ideological and moral education for the students, and takes the moral character of the first sage as a model to cultivate the moral character of the students and set up the norms of moral education. In order to achieve Yue's College, this year's education "It's a sage." Based on the students' age and different stages of psychological development and thinking development characteristics, the educators of colleges and universities divide the moral education into two categories: "Primary school" AND "University" Two phases: "Primary school" To "blank mould" Stage, Learning "Shape Memory" rites, form good manners of etiquette; "University" then poor "metaphysical" Lemma, knowledge, seek "justice and righteousness" That's what it's like. The system of moral education in Yueyang College includes the rules of study and the course of examination. Yue Yuan Academy of Learning, although several rheological, but has been" to sense the heart of his heart "It is characterized by the following:" justice and righteousness" It is the core of the core of seeking, choosing good friends, your behavior core, and stimulating the student's inner good nature; "Emblem" In order to support the students' respect and sincerity in a warm-hearted exhortation style, students are easy to accept from their hearts, and finally they will Yue Xinxin For the purpose, a large number of patriotic and people-oriented thinkers were cultivated. The examination course is a kind of system used by Yueju Academy to carry out the examination and evaluation of the students and students, assess the pros and cons, determine the rise and fall, and give rewards and punishments. The examination course of Yueyang College mainly includes: "Deye" examination class and "Academic" A course of examination, in which "Deye" Take the course of the exam. "Deye" Examination Course mainly inspects students" Morality "On the other hand, it is necessary to check whether the behavior of the students is in conformity with the social ethics and whether the thought is in conformity with the universal values of society, so as to promote the students' moral norms and promotion. Yueju Academy also pays attention to the hidden moral education implication of building environment, such as site selection and layout, which embodies the thought of ritual music." Bider. "A technique that is intended to achieve" Smooth God "A state of mind. In the humanities environment, Yue's College is long, and teachers also pay attention to setting an example by telling people to teach their livelihood. Respect for the students to create an atmosphere of democracy and equality; and through the interaction between teachers and students, it is difficult for the living disciples to achieve the long-term teaching phase. Although Yue's college moral education has the brand of feudal society, its goal is to maintain the feudal hierarchical order, but it does not hide Yu and Yue Yuan's college moral education has many aspects, such as The Missionary Society of the Ming Dynasty The Humanistic Spirit of the Core and Its Application" Learning Innovation "The academic spirit of a unique school of education and learning." to sense the heart of his heart "The characteristic of the college building, the hidden moral education implication of the academy building can still provide useful reference for the contemporary education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G649.299
本文編號(hào)：2281101
[Abstract]:In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yue's College had gone through the development of the Song Dynasty and became prosperous and rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty. "Zhenmei Time" In the Ming Dynasty. With the support of the official support of the Qing Dynasty, it was further developed, and finally transformed into the school hall in modern times till today's Yue Yuan Academy. Yueju College has been adhering to the principle of The Missionary Society of the Ming Dynasty the humanistic spirit of the core and the purpose of "Independent Innovation" As the core academic spirit, the education core of Yude is established, and the moral education is placed at the center and the first place of the whole educational activity. This spirit points out the direction of running schools and lays the foundation for the Millennium Development of Yueju College. But the good school spirit needs to enrich the detailed content to reflect, this is the relationship to the college teaching can reflect the purpose of running the school, accord with the goal of the talent training. Yue Chung College to "Ming Renlun" In order to set the basic requirements for the content of moral education, the Confucian classics is the basic teaching material, and Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is an important part, supplemented by historical materialism, and a complete and systematic moral education curriculum system has been constructed. On the basis of the inheritance and development of Confucian educational theory, Yueju College has formed a complete systematic and organized moral education system, and developed a set of methods and system of systematic and operable moral education. The method for moral education in Yueju College includes talks, sacrifices and annual education. The casual party lectures are generally called sessions, and regular party lectures are commonly referred to as sessions, where there is a history of well-known "Zhu Zhang will say". The sacrificial ceremony is an important way to transfer the Confucian school ethics and moral cultivation to the students in Yue Yuan's College. It takes the sacrifice as a means and form of ideological and moral education for the students, and takes the moral character of the first sage as a model to cultivate the moral character of the students and set up the norms of moral education. In order to achieve Yue's College, this year's education "It's a sage." Based on the students' age and different stages of psychological development and thinking development characteristics, the educators of colleges and universities divide the moral education into two categories: "Primary school" AND "University" Two phases: "Primary school" To "blank mould" Stage, Learning "Shape Memory" rites, form good manners of etiquette; "University" then poor "metaphysical" Lemma, knowledge, seek "justice and righteousness" That's what it's like. The system of moral education in Yueyang College includes the rules of study and the course of examination. Yue Yuan Academy of Learning, although several rheological, but has been" to sense the heart of his heart "It is characterized by the following:" justice and righteousness" It is the core of the core of seeking, choosing good friends, your behavior core, and stimulating the student's inner good nature; "Emblem" In order to support the students' respect and sincerity in a warm-hearted exhortation style, students are easy to accept from their hearts, and finally they will Yue Xinxin For the purpose, a large number of patriotic and people-oriented thinkers were cultivated. The examination course is a kind of system used by Yueju Academy to carry out the examination and evaluation of the students and students, assess the pros and cons, determine the rise and fall, and give rewards and punishments. The examination course of Yueyang College mainly includes: "Deye" examination class and "Academic" A course of examination, in which "Deye" Take the course of the exam. "Deye" Examination Course mainly inspects students" Morality "On the other hand, it is necessary to check whether the behavior of the students is in conformity with the social ethics and whether the thought is in conformity with the universal values of society, so as to promote the students' moral norms and promotion. Yueju Academy also pays attention to the hidden moral education implication of building environment, such as site selection and layout, which embodies the thought of ritual music." Bider. "A technique that is intended to achieve" Smooth God "A state of mind. In the humanities environment, Yue's College is long, and teachers also pay attention to setting an example by telling people to teach their livelihood. Respect for the students to create an atmosphere of democracy and equality; and through the interaction between teachers and students, it is difficult for the living disciples to achieve the long-term teaching phase. Although Yue's college moral education has the brand of feudal society, its goal is to maintain the feudal hierarchical order, but it does not hide Yu and Yue Yuan's college moral education has many aspects, such as The Missionary Society of the Ming Dynasty The Humanistic Spirit of the Core and Its Application" Learning Innovation "The academic spirit of a unique school of education and learning." to sense the heart of his heart "The characteristic of the college building, the hidden moral education implication of the academy building can still provide useful reference for the contemporary education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G649.299
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