【摘要】：骨髓既是成骨器官，又是造血器官，HSC位于由基質(zhì)細(xì)胞（成骨細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞等）、間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞及ECM、細(xì)胞因子、CAM等組成的HM當(dāng)中，該微環(huán)境對HSC不僅在物理上，更在生理上起支持、營養(yǎng)作用，為HSC的增殖分化提供合適的條件，從而精確調(diào)控機(jī)體造血過程。成骨細(xì)胞是骨髓HM的主要組成部分，脂肪細(xì)胞是另一種骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞，運(yùn)動(dòng)可以促進(jìn)骨髓成骨功能和減少骨髓脂肪細(xì)胞的數(shù)量，從而改善HM，有利于促進(jìn)造血功能。臨床上各種貧血（如癌癥、HIV感染、再生障礙性貧血、腎性貧血等）目前還沒有理想的治療方法，本文以4周齡SD大鼠為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象研究了12周游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)對骨髓HM及紅細(xì)胞生成能力的影響，以期為各種貧血的運(yùn)動(dòng)輔助治療方法提供造血機(jī)制及理論依據(jù)。 4周齡SD大鼠16只購自南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心，SPF級，體重平均100克，合格證號(hào)：4402100388。自然晝夜節(jié)律，國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚙齒類動(dòng)物飼料喂養(yǎng)，自由飲食。適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)一周后隨機(jī)分為運(yùn)動(dòng)組和對照組，各8只。對照組不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)組進(jìn)行30-90分鐘/天，6天/周，為期12周的漸進(jìn)性游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)，，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束24-48小時(shí)后，烏拉坦腹腔麻醉，經(jīng)腹主動(dòng)脈取外周血測試血常規(guī)，無菌取股骨測試骨髓紅系早期祖細(xì)胞增值能力（BFU-E）、間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞增值能力（CFU-F）、成骨成脂誘導(dǎo)分化能力，同時(shí)取左側(cè)脛骨做脛骨近側(cè)干骺端（PTM）切片HE染色，觀察脂肪細(xì)胞面積。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，12周游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)對大鼠骨髓外周血紅細(xì)胞參數(shù)沒有明顯影響，對骨髓紅系早期造血祖細(xì)胞增值能力有顯著促進(jìn)作用，BFU-E集落數(shù)明顯增多，P0.05。同時(shí)骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞成骨分化能力明顯增強(qiáng)，茜素紅S染色OD值明顯大于對照組，P0.05。成脂分化能力明顯減弱，油紅O染色OD值明顯小于對照組，P0.05。運(yùn)動(dòng)組脛骨近側(cè)干骺端切片HE染色脂肪細(xì)胞面積明顯減少，p0.05。 結(jié)論：（1）游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)雖然屬于NWBPA/NIA，游泳時(shí)身體處于半失重狀態(tài)，沒有來自地面的反作用力，但仍然可以增加骨髓成骨細(xì)胞，減少脂肪細(xì)胞，從而改善骨髓HM。 （2）游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)通過改善骨髓造血為環(huán)境而促進(jìn)骨髓紅系造血能力，可望作為各種貧血的輔助療法。 目的：比較耐力項(xiàng)目和力量項(xiàng)目男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員外周血紅細(xì)胞參數(shù)的特點(diǎn)。方法：選擇31名河南省田徑隊(duì)男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員和16名體校男性田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員作為研究對象。測試來自（1）河南省專業(yè)隊(duì)2007年11月到2008年2月血常規(guī)測試；（2）體校2009年12月-2010年3月科研測試。結(jié)果：所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員外周血指標(biāo)均在正常值范圍內(nèi)，耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員目外周血紅細(xì)胞數(shù)（RBC）、血紅蛋白濃度（HB）和紅細(xì)胞壓積（HCT）顯著低于力量運(yùn)動(dòng)員(分別p0.01;p0.05;p0.05)。結(jié)論：耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員外周血紅細(xì)胞參數(shù)特點(diǎn)不同于力量運(yùn)動(dòng)員，可能與不同訓(xùn)練方式對血液系統(tǒng)的影響不同有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Bone marrow is not only a osteogenic organ, but also a hematopoietic organ. HSC is located in HM composed of stromal cells (osteoblasts, adipocytes, etc.), mesenchymal stem cells, ECM, cytokines and so on. Physiological support, nutrition, HSC proliferation and differentiation to provide appropriate conditions for accurate regulation of the body's hematopoietic process. Osteoblasts are the main components of bone marrow HM and adipocytes are another kind of bone marrow stromal cells. Exercise can promote bone marrow osteogenesis and reduce the number of bone marrow adipocytes thereby improving HM and promoting hematopoietic function. Clinical anemia (such as HIV infection with cancer, aplastic anemia, renal anemia, etc.) does not have an ideal treatment. The effects of 12-week swimming on bone marrow HM and erythropoiesis were studied in 4-week-old SD rats. 16 SD rats aged 4 weeks were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University with SPF grade, with an average weight of 100 g, and the qualification certificate number: 4402 1003888.In order to provide hematopoietic mechanism and theoretical basis for various sports adjuvant therapy methods of anemia, 16 SD rats of 4 weeks old were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University. Natural circadian rhythm, national standard rodent feed feeding, free diet. After a week of adaptive feeding, they were randomly divided into exercise group and control group with 8 rats in each group. The control group did not do any exercise, while the exercise group took 30-90 minutes / day 6 days / week for 12 weeks of progressive swimming exercise. After 24 to 48 hours of experiment, Uladan was anesthetized intraperitoneally, and blood routine was taken from the peripheral blood of abdominal aorta. Bone marrow progenitor cells (BFU-E), mesenchymal stem cells (CFU-F), osteogenic adipogenic differentiation (OID) and left tibia (left tibia) were detected by HE staining in proximal metaphyseal (PTM) section. The results showed that swimming for 12 weeks had no significant effect on the erythrocyte parameters of rat bone marrow peripheral blood, but significantly promoted the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the early stage of erythroid formation. The number of BFU-E colonies increased significantly (P 0.05). At the same time, the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was obviously enhanced, and the OD value of alizarin red S staining was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). The ability of adipogenic differentiation was obviously weakened, and the OD value of oil red O staining was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). In exercise group, the area of adipocytes in proximal metaphyseal sections of tibia decreased significantly by HE staining. Conclusion: (1) although swimming belongs to NWBPA / NIA, the body is in a semi-weightlessness state and has no reaction force from the ground, but it can still increase bone marrow osteoblasts and reduce adipocytes. Thus improve bone marrow HM. (2) Swimming can promote hematopoiesis ability of bone marrow by improving hematopoiesis environment of bone marrow, and it is expected to be used as auxiliary therapy for various kinds of anemia. Objective: to compare the characteristics of erythrocyte parameters in peripheral blood of male athletes in endurance events and strength events. Methods: 31 male athletes of Henan track and field team and 16 male athletes of sports school were selected as the research objects. The test comes from (1) blood routine test of Henan professional team from November 2007 to February 2008; (2) scientific research test from December 2009 to March 2010 in sports school. Results: all the indexes of peripheral blood of athletes were within the normal range. RBC, HB and HCT in peripheral blood of endurance athletes were significantly lower than those of strength athletes (p 0.01, p 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: the characteristics of erythrocyte parameters in peripheral blood of endurance athletes are different from those of strength athletes, and may be related to the influence of different training methods on the blood system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G804.2

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