【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)職業(yè)化程度的不斷完善,我國(guó)網(wǎng)球整體的競(jìng)技水平有了快速的提高,特別是女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員,先后實(shí)現(xiàn)了奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌與職業(yè)大滿貫賽事冠軍“零”的突破,極大的鼓舞和促進(jìn)了中國(guó)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)的快速發(fā)展。但我們必須清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)網(wǎng)球整體水平與世界高水平相比仍然存在較大的差距。網(wǎng)球?qū)儆诟艟W(wǎng)對(duì)抗性項(xiàng)目,技術(shù)是運(yùn)動(dòng)員競(jìng)技能力的主導(dǎo)要素之一。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,網(wǎng)球技術(shù)與過(guò)去相比已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了很大的不同,而對(duì)于網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員個(gè)體而言,在職業(yè)生涯過(guò)程中技術(shù)也始終處于動(dòng)態(tài)變化,在戰(zhàn)績(jī)不斷提高的同時(shí),技術(shù)也在不斷改進(jìn),由此可見(jiàn)網(wǎng)球技術(shù)演進(jìn)對(duì)于項(xiàng)目的推動(dòng)以及運(yùn)動(dòng)員競(jìng)技水平提高所起到的重要作用。本研究通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家調(diào)查法、錄像觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法,基于網(wǎng)球項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn),針對(duì)職業(yè)網(wǎng)壇單打技術(shù)演進(jìn)歷程及優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員單打技術(shù)演進(jìn)特征進(jìn)行研究,試圖從“整體”與“個(gè)體”兩個(gè)角度揭示職業(yè)網(wǎng)壇單打技術(shù)演進(jìn)規(guī)律。以期為運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練理論的進(jìn)一步完善提供素材,為網(wǎng)球技術(shù)訓(xùn)練實(shí)踐提供一定的思路,為青少年網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的培養(yǎng)提供參考。研究結(jié)果顯示:1)底線技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了職業(yè)網(wǎng)壇技術(shù)的整體演進(jìn),并表現(xiàn)在影響各項(xiàng)技術(shù)在單打比賽中的使用比例以及不同打法類型的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。2)影響網(wǎng)球單打技術(shù)演進(jìn)的主要因素可分為主體因素與客體因素。主體因素中運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體能力的增強(qiáng),教練員對(duì)技術(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)更加深入,是推動(dòng)網(wǎng)球技術(shù)演進(jìn)的主要因素。在客體因素中,科技、球拍、規(guī)則、場(chǎng)地四個(gè)因素,在發(fā)展過(guò)程中相互聯(lián)系更加的緊密,對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員技術(shù)適應(yīng)性的要求降低,使得網(wǎng)球單打技術(shù)朝著多樣性個(gè)性化的方向演進(jìn)。3)優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員單打技術(shù)演進(jìn)過(guò)程具有,整體技術(shù)功能大于單項(xiàng)技術(shù)要素之和的涌現(xiàn)性,個(gè)性化特征的自組織性,動(dòng)態(tài)漲落現(xiàn)象的非穩(wěn)定性特征。其中運(yùn)動(dòng)員個(gè)人技術(shù)系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)要素和敏感要素,在其技術(shù)演進(jìn)過(guò)程中起到重要作用。4)優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員單打技術(shù)演進(jìn),主要圍繞著技術(shù)要素中的敏感要素和優(yōu)勢(shì)要素。通過(guò)放大途徑與補(bǔ)償途徑,加強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員個(gè)人技術(shù)系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)要素,適當(dāng)?shù)膹浹a(bǔ)劣勢(shì)要素,帶動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員整體技術(shù)功能向更高的層次演進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the professional degree of tennis in our country, the overall competitive level of tennis in our country has been rapidly improved, especially the female athletes, who have successively achieved the breakthrough of Olympic gold medal and professional Grand Slam champion "zero". Greatly encouraged and promoted the rapid development of tennis in China. But we must realize clearly that there is still a big gap between the overall level of Chinese tennis and the high level of the world. Tennis is one of the main factors of competitive ability of athletes. With the development of the times, the tennis technique has been very different from the past. However, for the tennis players, the technology has always been in the dynamic change in the course of their career. This shows that tennis technology evolution plays an important role in the promotion of events and the improvement of athletes' competitive level. Based on the characteristics of tennis events, this paper studies the evolution process of singles technology in professional tennis and the evolution characteristics of outstanding tennis players through the methods of literature, expert investigation, video observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper tries to reveal the evolution law of professional singles technology from two angles of "whole" and "individual". In order to provide materials for the further improvement of sports training theory, provide certain ideas for the practice of tennis technical training, and provide a reference for the training of young tennis players. The research results show that the development of bottom line technology has led to the overall evolution of professional tennis technology. The main factors affecting the evolution of tennis singles technology can be divided into subjective factor and objective factor. Among the main factors, the enhancement of athletes' physical ability and the deeper understanding of technique by coaches are the main factors to promote the evolution of tennis technology. Among the object factors, science and technology, racket, rules, and court are four factors, which are more closely related to each other in the process of development, and the requirements for the athletes' technical adaptability are reduced. The evolution process of singles technology of elite tennis players has the following characteristics: the overall technical function is greater than the emergence of the sum of individual technical elements, and the characteristics of individuation are self-organized. The unstable characteristics of dynamic fluctuation. Among them, the dominant and sensitive elements in the athletes' personal technical system play an important role in the process of technological evolution) the evolution of the singles technology of the outstanding tennis players mainly revolves around the sensitive and superior elements of the technical elements. Through the way of amplification and compensation, we can strengthen the advantage elements of athletes' personal technical system, make up for the inferior factors, and promote the athletes' overall technical function to evolve to a higher level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G845

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