本文選題：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨 + 農(nóng)民民生思想　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：作為當(dāng)下回應(yīng)社會(huì)正義的民生問(wèn)題意識(shí),中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的民生話語(yǔ)體系體現(xiàn)了鮮明的以人為本的德性向度和人文關(guān)懷。文章以農(nóng)民在黨的政治斗爭(zhēng)、國(guó)家建設(shè)和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中的歷史功能定位為經(jīng),以中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)農(nóng)民民生改善的基本思想和實(shí)踐模式為緯,系統(tǒng)論述了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨農(nóng)民民生思想形成、發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新的歷史進(jìn)程。在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨近百年政治實(shí)踐的歷史坐標(biāo)中,農(nóng)民問(wèn)題一直是中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)的基本問(wèn)題,并發(fā)揮著十分重要的歷史作用。在“以農(nóng)立國(guó)”的中國(guó)社會(huì),改善農(nóng)民民生不僅是社會(huì)發(fā)展之必需,也是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨文明執(zhí)政、科學(xué)執(zhí)政和人文執(zhí)政的重要體現(xiàn)。因此,集中研究黨的農(nóng)民民生思想具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)性和必要性,破除“三農(nóng)”危機(jī)、構(gòu)建農(nóng)民政治認(rèn)同、解決農(nóng)民民生短板和維系社會(huì)公正都離不開其理論指導(dǎo)。所以,黨的農(nóng)民民生思想是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨民生思想體系中極為重要的組成部分。在新民主主義革命時(shí)期,中國(guó)農(nóng)民是無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)最可靠的同盟軍。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨基于無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的革命意識(shí)形態(tài),將對(duì)工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟的民生關(guān)懷與無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的政治目標(biāo)結(jié)合起來(lái),從而把民生問(wèn)題定位于與農(nóng)民階級(jí)的切身利益緊密掛鉤的土地革命,并把民生改善和革命力量的組織動(dòng)員結(jié)合起來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)農(nóng)民階級(jí)最大程度的、有效的政治動(dòng)員,改善農(nóng)民民生發(fā)揮著服務(wù)于革命的工具性價(jià)值。黨的農(nóng)民民生思想總體上表現(xiàn)為“農(nóng)民民生為革命”。新中國(guó)成立之后,國(guó)家工業(yè)化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略成為重要的政治主題,農(nóng)村民生建設(shè)總體上是服務(wù)于國(guó)家工業(yè)化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的。盡管此階段農(nóng)村民生建設(shè)出現(xiàn)了一定程度的失誤,但總體來(lái)看中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的農(nóng)民民生思想在曲折中得到了發(fā)展。改革開放之后,鄧小平在繼承毛澤東農(nóng)民民生思想資源的基礎(chǔ)上,基于對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村過(guò)度貧窮的深刻反思,圍繞“什么是社會(huì)主義,怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義”,提出“貧窮不是社會(huì)主義”的民生思想,從而在中國(guó)掀起了一場(chǎng)以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制為主線、以解決人民溫飽為基本導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度改革運(yùn)動(dòng),這是改革開放之后中國(guó)農(nóng)村最大規(guī)模的民生改造。此時(shí)的農(nóng)民民生,是決定黨的“三步走”戰(zhàn)略中第一步能否實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵。在鄧小平看來(lái),“發(fā)展才是硬道理”、只有提高人民的實(shí)際生活水平才是檢驗(yàn)一切工作是非得失的根本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。改善和發(fā)展農(nóng)民民生的根本途徑就是改革,“改革農(nóng)村求溫飽”成為這一階段最典型的農(nóng)民民生思想。20世紀(jì)末21世紀(jì)初,改善農(nóng)民民生成為實(shí)現(xiàn)“總體小康”的第二步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵。隨著改革的矛盾和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的危機(jī)逐漸升溫,民生改善成為影響農(nóng)民政治認(rèn)同的重要因素。因此,江澤民將民生關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)聚焦在農(nóng)村,尤其以調(diào)整農(nóng)村經(jīng)營(yíng)結(jié)構(gòu)、治理“三亂”以減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)、打響“扶貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”為代表�！爸卫磙r(nóng)村保小康”是黨的第三代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體的典型的農(nóng)民民生思想。黨的十六大以來(lái),社會(huì)兩極分化和城鄉(xiāng)差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)聚焦著社會(huì)不公。在此背景下,胡錦濤站在科學(xué)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度上,指出“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題是全黨工作的重中之重。為緩解社會(huì)矛盾,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨相繼作出了構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)、新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和生態(tài)文明的戰(zhàn)略部署,并集中力量啟動(dòng)了新中國(guó)歷史上具有深遠(yuǎn)意義的農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。這是一場(chǎng)關(guān)乎農(nóng)民民生的里程碑式的改革�！岸嘤�、少取、放活”成為此時(shí)最重要的農(nóng)民民生思想。黨的十八大以后,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展逐漸進(jìn)入新常態(tài),“四個(gè)全面”成為新時(shí)期的重大戰(zhàn)略布局。民生越來(lái)越成為全面建成小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán),農(nóng)村的滯后更是制約社會(huì)公正的短板。所以,“農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)、農(nóng)村美、農(nóng)民富”的“三農(nóng)”新戰(zhàn)略就具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。為有效推進(jìn)社會(huì)治理體系和能力建設(shè)的現(xiàn)代化,維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義,習(xí)近平總書記以“實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的現(xiàn)代化和民族復(fù)興”以及“怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化和民族復(fù)興”為戰(zhàn)略主題,開啟了治國(guó)理政的新篇章。其“三農(nóng)”工作的根本要求就是要主動(dòng)適應(yīng)新常態(tài),以一系列新的戰(zhàn)略安排和政策部署繼續(xù)深化農(nóng)村綜合改革,著力改善農(nóng)民民生。在實(shí)踐層面就是要按“五位一體”的要求,以五大發(fā)展理念為統(tǒng)領(lǐng),積極探尋農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的新途徑,將改革的重點(diǎn)放在強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)、精準(zhǔn)扶貧脫貧和農(nóng)村生態(tài)治理等新的方面。在理論創(chuàng)新上就是要大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化等“四化”同步,實(shí)現(xiàn)“綠色”民生。習(xí)近平的“三農(nóng)”戰(zhàn)略思想是在總結(jié)和發(fā)展中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨農(nóng)民民生思想的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的重大創(chuàng)新,標(biāo)志著黨的農(nóng)民民生思想從此進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的歷史發(fā)展階段。當(dāng)前黨的農(nóng)民民生思想的總體特征可以概括為“發(fā)展農(nóng)村實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化”。
[Abstract]:As the present awareness of the people's livelihood issues in response to social justice, the Chinese Communist Party's people's livelihood discourse system embodies the distinct people-oriented virtues and humanistic care. The article takes the historical function of the peasants in the political struggle of the party, the national construction and development strategy as the classics, and the basic thought of the Chinese Communist Party on the improvement of the people's livelihood. The historical process of the formation, development and innovation of the people's livelihood of the Communist Party of China is systematically discussed with the practice model. In the historical coordinates of the political practice in the last hundred years of the Communist Party of China, the peasant problem has been the basic problem of the Chinese revolution and construction, and plays a very important historical role. The improvement of farmers' livelihood is not only the necessity of the social development, but also the important embodiment of the Communist Party's civilization in power, the scientific ruling and the humanistic administration. Therefore, it is very realistic and necessary to concentrate on the people's livelihood of the party, to break the "three rural" crisis, to construct the political identity of the peasants, to solve the short board and maintain the society of the farmers' livelihood. The thought of the people's livelihood of the party is a very important part of the ideological system of the people's livelihood in the Communist Party of China. In the period of the new democratic revolution, the Chinese peasants are the most reliable allied armies of the proletariat. In combination with the political goals of the proletarian revolution, the people's livelihood issues are located in the land revolution closely linked with the vital interests of the peasantry, and the improvement of the livelihood of the people and the organizational mobilization of the revolutionary forces have been combined to achieve the maximum, effective political mobilization of the peasantry and the improvement of the livelihood of the peasants. In general, the ideology of the people's livelihood of the party is "the revolution of the peasants and the people's livelihood". After the founding of the new China, the national industrialization development strategy has become an important political theme, and the construction of the rural people's livelihood is generally serving the national strategy of industrialization development. Although the construction of the rural people's livelihood has appeared to a certain extent in this stage On the whole, the thought of the people's livelihood of the peasants of the Communist Party of China has been developed in a tortuous way. After the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping, based on the inheritance of Mao Zedong's livelihood resources for the people's livelihood, was based on a profound reflection on the excessive poverty in China's rural areas, and proposed that "poverty is not a" "what is social meaning and how to build socialism", and that "poverty is not the case." The people's livelihood of the people's livelihood is the three step of the party's "three steps" strategy. The key to the realization of the first step is that in Deng Xiaoping's view, "development is the hard truth". Only to improve the people's actual living standard is the basic standard for checking all work and wrong. The fundamental way to improve and develop the livelihood of the peasants is to reform and "reform the rural areas for warmth and satiety" as the most typical farmers' people's livelihood thoughts in this stage. In the early twenty-first Century of the.20 century, improving the livelihood of the peasants became the key to the second step of achieving the "overall well-off". With the contradiction of the reform and the crisis of economic development, the improvement of the people's livelihood became an important factor affecting the political identity of the peasants. Therefore, Jiang Zemin focused the focus of the people's attention in the rural areas, especially in the adjustment of agriculture. The village management structure, the management of the "three disorderly" to lighten the burden of the peasants, and hit the "fight against poverty and attack the hard" as the representative. "Harnessing the countryside to protect the well-off" is the typical peasant people's livelihood thought of the third generation of the party's leading collective. Since the Sixteen Party of the party, the social polarization and the gap between the urban and rural areas have expanded further, and the peasants' burden focuses on the social injustice. At the strategic height of scientific development, Hu Jintao points out that the "three rural" issue is the most important part of the whole Party's work. In order to alleviate social contradictions, the Communist Party of China has made a strategic deployment of building a socialist harmonious society, a new rural construction and an ecological civilization, and concentrating on a far-reaching significance in the history of the new China. The rural tax and fee reform movement. This is a landmark reform about the livelihood of the farmers. "More, less and free" has become the most important thought of the people's livelihood. After the eighteen Party of the party, the economic and social development has gradually entered the new normal, "four comprehensive" has become a major strategic layout in the new period. The livelihood of the people has become more and more complete. The key part of the well-off society is that the lag of the rural areas is the short board which restricts the social justice. Therefore, the new strategy of "agriculture, rural beauty and farmers rich" is of great practical significance. In order to effectively promote the modernization of social governance system and capacity construction, the society will be fair and just, and the general secretary of Xi Jinping "what to realize" The strategic theme of modernization and national revival and how to realize modernization and national revival has opened a new chapter in the governance of the country. The fundamental requirement of the "three rural" work is to actively adapt to the new normal, continue to deepen the comprehensive rural reform with a series of new strategic arrangements and policies, and improve the livelihood of the farmers. In practice, we should take the "five in one" requirement as the command of the five development concepts, actively explore new ways of agricultural transformation, and put the emphasis on the new aspects of strengthening innovation driven, reducing poverty and poverty alleviation, and rural ecological governance. In theory innovation, we should vigorously promote the synchronization of agricultural modernization and so on. The "green" people's livelihood. Xi Jinping's "three rural" strategic idea is a major innovation based on the summary and development of the people's livelihood of the Communist Party of China, which marks a new stage of historical development. The overall characteristics of the people's livelihood of the party can be summed up as "developing agriculture". The village is modernized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D422.6;D239

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