發(fā)布時間：2018-05-31 00:17

  本文選題：農(nóng)民 + 村民自治�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：1987年《村民委員會組織法(試行)》頒布以來,旨在促進農(nóng)村基層民主的村民自治獲得了廣泛的制度供給,各級政府和自治組織圍繞村民自治的制度完善不斷探索,取得了很大成績。然而,村民自治在制度化推進模式中暴露出一些問題。一方面農(nóng)民在村治實踐中出現(xiàn)生存方式的原子化,價值追求的功利化和行為短期化,思維方式的經(jīng)濟理性和責任意識淡薄,農(nóng)民之間的信任、合作、公共至上和互惠規(guī)范日漸消解等祛公共性現(xiàn)象。另一方面村民自治制度在實踐中陷入技術化、工具化和“沒有發(fā)展的增長”的內(nèi)卷化窘境,民主運行出現(xiàn)儀式性、功利性、盲目性和非理性等形式民主化傾向。這些問題表明,村民自治作為基層民主政治建設的重要內(nèi)容,不僅僅依賴于完善的制度,還與農(nóng)民思想政治教育密切相關。僅僅從制度層面推進村民自治的民主建設,雖然有助于村民自治規(guī)范運行,但卻忽視農(nóng)民公共精神對村民自治制度的支撐作用,使村民自治制度的民主理念難以實現(xiàn)。本選題提出村民自治制度、農(nóng)民公共精神和農(nóng)民思想政治教育三者的互動關系模式。即村民自治制度依賴農(nóng)民公共精神的支撐,農(nóng)民公共精神培育和養(yǎng)成需要農(nóng)民思想政治教育的支持。探求通過思想政治教育培育農(nóng)民公共精神,以實現(xiàn)村民自治良性運行和落實村民自治制度的民主理念成為本選題的問題域。在論證以思想政治教育提升農(nóng)民公共精神,進而支撐村民自治的民主制度這一命題中,首先面對的是農(nóng)民公共精神與村治制度的相互關系問題。本選題在中西比較視域中引入梁漱溟、費孝通等學者關于中國傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村宗族制度與倫理精神之間關系的深刻洞見,以及傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉型中的鄉(xiāng)村建設所面對的諸問題;引入西方托克維爾在《論美國的民主》中關于新英格蘭鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)精神與自治制度的關系思想,帕特南在《使民主運轉起來》中關于北意大利鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會資本與制度績效的關系思想。通過剖析獲得了現(xiàn)代村治制度良性運行需要農(nóng)民公共精神支持的共同見解。但由于所處時代和中西社會歷史文化及現(xiàn)代化路徑的差異,還不能指涉當代中國農(nóng)民公共精神培育的路徑。本選題通過中國共產(chǎn)黨領導農(nóng)民當家作主,構建農(nóng)民民主政權的歷史經(jīng)驗證明思想政治教育是培育農(nóng)民公共精神的基本路徑。由此對論題的基本命題邏輯加以證成性闡發(fā)。在證成論題的命題后,關涉當下中國村民自治制度所面對的新問題。在經(jīng)驗總結的基礎上,本選題提出構建農(nóng)村“社會生活共同體”的發(fā)展思路,就社會生活共同體建構指向本身所提出的思想政治工作與農(nóng)民公共精神培育的新型關系進行學理構建。在此基礎上提出通過農(nóng)民思想政治教育培育農(nóng)民公共精神的基本途徑:強化黨的組織領導,發(fā)揮新鄉(xiāng)賢道德示范和引領作用,注重農(nóng)村社區(qū)文化建設,依托多元載體促進農(nóng)民公共精神培育。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the Organic Law of the villagers' Committee (on trial) in 1987, the villagers' autonomy, which aims to promote rural grass-roots democracy, has been provided with a wide range of institutions, and governments and autonomous organizations at all levels have continuously explored the perfection of the system of villagers' autonomy. Great achievements have been made. However, villagers' autonomy exposed some problems in the institutional promotion model. On the one hand, the farmers in the practice of village governance appear the atomization of the way of survival, the utilitarianism of the value pursuit and the short-term behavior, the weak sense of economic rationality and responsibility of the mode of thinking, the trust and cooperation among the peasants. Public supremacy and reciprocal norms are gradually dispelling the public phenomenon. On the other hand, the villager autonomy system falls into the dilemma of technology, instrumentalization and "growth without development" in practice, and the democratic operation has the tendency of democratization in the form of ritual, utilitarianism, blindness and irrationality. These problems indicate that as an important part of the construction of grass-roots democratic politics, villagers' autonomy not only depends on the perfect system, but also has a close relationship with the peasants' ideological and political education. Only from the system level to promote the democratic construction of villager autonomy, although it helps to regulate the operation of villager autonomy, but ignore the public spirit of farmers to support the villager autonomy system, making it difficult to realize the democratic concept of villager autonomy system. This paper puts forward the interactive model of villager autonomy system, peasant public spirit and peasant ideological and political education. That is, the system of villager autonomy depends on the support of the public spirit of the peasants, and the cultivation and cultivation of the public spirit of the peasants need the support of the peasants' ideological and political education. Exploring how to cultivate the public spirit of farmers through ideological and political education in order to realize the benign operation of villager autonomy and to carry out the democratic idea of villager autonomy system become the problem domain of this topic. In the proposition of promoting the public spirit of peasants with ideological and political education, and then supporting the democratic system of villagers' autonomy, the first problem is the relationship between the public spirit of farmers and the system of village governance. This topic introduces Liang Shuming, Fei Xiaotong and other scholars about the relationship between Chinese traditional rural clan system and ethical spirit in the Chinese and Western comparative perspective, as well as the problems faced by the rural construction in the transition from traditional to modern. This paper introduces the western Tocqueville's thought on the relationship between the New England township spirit and the autonomous system in "on American Democracy", and Patnam's thoughts on the relationship between the social capital and the institutional performance of the towns and townships in Northern Italy in "making Democracy work". Through the analysis, we get the common view that the benign operation of the modern village governance system needs the support of farmers' public spirit. However, due to the differences between the times, the Chinese and Western social, historical and cultural, and the way of modernization, it is not possible to refer to the path of cultivating the public spirit of the peasants in contemporary China. This topic proves that ideological and political education is the basic way to cultivate farmers' public spirit through the historical experience of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leading peasants to be the masters of their own country and the construction of peasant democratic regime. Thus the basic propositional logic of the topic is elucidated. After the proposition of "Zheng Cheng", it concerns the new problems that Chinese villager autonomy system faces at present. On the basis of summing up the experience, this paper puts forward the idea of constructing the "community of social life" in rural areas. The new relationship between the ideological and political work and the cultivation of the peasants' public spirit, which is pointed out by the construction of the community of social life, is constructed theoretically. On this basis, the paper puts forward the basic ways to cultivate farmers' public spirit through farmers' ideological and political education: strengthening the Party's organizational leadership, giving play to the moral demonstration and leading role of Xinxiang's virtuous people, and paying attention to the cultural construction of rural communities. Relying on multiple carriers to promote the cultivation of farmers' public spirit.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D422.62

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本文編號：1957462