本文選題：院校調(diào)查 + 大學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,隨著美國大學(xué)規(guī)模的迅速擴張,大學(xué)在課程、組織、財政、教學(xué)等方面的管理問題日益突出,大學(xué)財政形式日益嚴(yán)峻。為了獲取資金,大學(xué)不斷通過擴大校舍、增加服務(wù)等方式吸引生源,自由競爭下必然帶來高教系統(tǒng)的混亂和無序,大學(xué)缺乏質(zhì)量保障體系,沒有一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理。大學(xué)的效率如何?隨著大學(xué)與社會聯(lián)系的加強,美國公眾對大學(xué)效率提出了嚴(yán)厲的問責(zé)。為了應(yīng)對社會問責(zé),美國開始了以效率為核心的調(diào)查運動�？茖W(xué)管理,通過職能設(shè)計和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的方式帶來了效率的最大化,隨著它在工商企業(yè)的成功運用也促使這一科學(xué)管理方式逐漸進入學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域。高等教育的混亂和無序是否可以借助于科學(xué)管理來解決�；诳茖W(xué)管理理論基礎(chǔ)之上,借助于教育測量、統(tǒng)計等方式美國開展了一項全國性的大規(guī)模的調(diào)查運動。調(diào)查開始于1908年奧伯林學(xué)院的以“效率”為中心的全面調(diào)查；卡內(nèi)基教學(xué)促進基金會和聯(lián)邦教育局促進了調(diào)查的推進發(fā)展,初步建立了調(diào)查的最初標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和基本模式；州政府、宗教機構(gòu)、個別協(xié)會、研究所陸續(xù)開始獨立進行調(diào)查嘗試,全面推進了調(diào)查的進展。到1915年,調(diào)查程序基本上在各州建立。從1915年開始,院校調(diào)查運動就呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)高漲的狀態(tài),并在二三十年代進入蓬勃發(fā)展的時期,泰特羅稱1908年到1943年為“調(diào)查的時代”。調(diào)查的形式既有聲勢浩大的國家性調(diào)查,又有系統(tǒng)化的州調(diào)查,還有全面深入的自我調(diào)查,院校調(diào)查的蓬勃發(fā)展,可以說是“教育行政上的文藝復(fù)興時期”�；谥刃蚝蜆�(biāo)準(zhǔn)的角度,院校調(diào)查試圖通過州級層面的調(diào)查為系統(tǒng)化管理模式的建立提供科學(xué)依據(jù),解決州內(nèi)機構(gòu)之間的矛盾和沖突現(xiàn)象,加強聯(lián)系和交流,實現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)性發(fā)展；通過大學(xué)內(nèi)部組織調(diào)查為大學(xué)組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定和職能化管理的形成提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,加強董事會、各個委員會、大學(xué)行政管理之間的聯(lián)系和交流,在分工明確,職責(zé)清晰的基礎(chǔ)上,形成系統(tǒng)化的管理方式,確保大學(xué)理想通過不同的職能部門共同實現(xiàn)；在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理方面,弗萊克斯納調(diào)查開啟了醫(yī)學(xué)教育認(rèn)證的先河,院校調(diào)查成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證的科學(xué)程序之一。大學(xué)最低辦學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的調(diào)查促使不合格院校關(guān)閉,提高了辦學(xué)質(zhì)量；教師調(diào)查則試圖從制度改革的角度保證教師的學(xué)術(shù)自由。院校調(diào)查運動促進了大學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè),為認(rèn)證機構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定提供依據(jù),同時院校調(diào)查也成為認(rèn)證程序的科學(xué)手段之一,促進了認(rèn)證管理；院校調(diào)查同時還促使大學(xué)管理從傳統(tǒng)走向現(xiàn)代,建立了院校研究辦公室,搜集處理信息,為校長、州政府和聯(lián)邦提供信息咨詢；院校調(diào)查也是大學(xué)自治的表現(xiàn)之一,促進了大學(xué)發(fā)展的自我完善；除此外,調(diào)查還促進了高校課程和教學(xué)管理、學(xué)生管理等一系列的變革。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, with the rapid expansion of the scale of American universities, the management problems in curriculum, organization, finance, teaching and so on have become increasingly prominent, and the financial forms of universities have become increasingly serious. In order to obtain funds, universities attract students by expanding school premises and increasing service. Free competition will inevitably bring chaos and disorder of higher education system, lack of quality assurance system, and lack of a standardized management. How efficient is the university? With the strengthening of the relationship between university and society, the American public has put forward strict accountability for university efficiency. In response to social accountability, the United States began an investigation campaign centred on efficiency. Scientific management, through the way of function design and standard setting, has brought the maximum efficiency. With its successful application in industrial and commercial enterprises, the scientific management mode has gradually entered the academic field. Whether the chaos and disorder of higher education can be solved by scientific management. Based on the scientific management theory, the United States carried out a national large-scale survey campaign by means of educational measurement and statistics. The survey began in 1908 with a comprehensive survey of "efficiency" at Oberlin College; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Education and the Federal Bureau of Education contributed to the development of the survey, initially establishing the initial standards and basic model of the survey; and the state government, Religious institutions, individual associations, and research institutes have started independent investigation attempts, which comprehensively advance the progress of the investigation. By 1915, investigation procedures had been largely established in the states. Since 1915, the college survey movement has been on the rise, and in the twenties and thirties, Tettero called 1908-1943 the "era of investigation." The form of investigation is not only a great national survey, but also a systematic state survey, and a comprehensive and in-depth self-investigation. The vigorous development of the college investigation can be said to be "the Renaissance period of educational administration". Based on the angle of order and standard, the college investigation attempts to provide scientific basis for the establishment of systematic management model through the investigation at the state level, to solve the contradictions and conflicts among the state institutions, to strengthen the contact and exchange, and to realize the coordinated development. Provide data support for the establishment of organizational standards and the formation of functional management through internal organization surveys of universities, strengthen the links and exchanges between boards, committees, and university administration, with a clear division of labour, On the basis of clear responsibilities, a systematic management approach was formed to ensure that the ideals of the university were jointly realized through different functional departments. In the area of standardized management, the Flicksner investigation opened the way for medical education certification. College investigation has become one of the scientific procedures of standard certification. The investigation of the minimum school running standard of the university causes the unqualified colleges to close down, and improves the quality of running the school, while the teacher survey tries to guarantee the academic freedom of the teachers from the angle of the reform of the system. The college survey movement has promoted the standardization construction of the university, provided the basis for the establishment of the standard of the certification organization, at the same time, the college investigation has also become one of the scientific means of the certification procedure, promoted the certification management; The college survey has also led to a shift from traditional to modern university management by setting up the Office of College Research, collecting and processing information and advising presidents, state governments and federations on information. College surveys are also one of the manifestations of university autonomy. Besides, the investigation has also promoted a series of reforms in curriculum and teaching management, student management and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G649.712
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本文編號：1955893