本文選題：田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目 + 動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：借助復(fù)雜性科學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,分析和探求田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性特征及其研究路徑,有助于人們從總體上認(rèn)識(shí)和把握田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的內(nèi)在規(guī)律及機(jī)理,拓寬田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)的研究思路,對(duì)促進(jìn)田徑動(dòng)作技能理論研究的深入和實(shí)踐水平的不斷提高具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文分三個(gè)部分：第一部分,從田徑動(dòng)作技能基本特征出發(fā),借助復(fù)雜性科學(xué)的相關(guān)原理,分析田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜性特征及其研究路徑；第二部分,以田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜性特征為切入點(diǎn),結(jié)合人類學(xué)習(xí)一般規(guī)律,闡述田徑動(dòng)作技能的學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)；第三部分,結(jié)合田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn),對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中普遍存在的遷移現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行個(gè)案研究,提出田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)的有效指導(dǎo)策略。 研究采用文獻(xiàn)綜述、調(diào)查、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)等研究方法對(duì)田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了理論闡釋和實(shí)踐運(yùn)用,在前人未曾涉及或涉及不深的問(wèn)題上取得了一些研究進(jìn)展,得出了以下結(jié)論： (1)田徑動(dòng)作技能的特征表現(xiàn)為,以大肌肉群活動(dòng)為主的技能、包括多種動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的技能和屬于封閉性技能三個(gè)方面。 (2)田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜性系統(tǒng),借助涌現(xiàn)生成理論、協(xié)同理論和耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論的研究思路分析田徑動(dòng)作技能系統(tǒng),能夠?yàn)樘飶絼?dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)提供方法論指導(dǎo)。 (3)田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者兩側(cè)肢體的影響具有非對(duì)稱性特點(diǎn)；強(qiáng)調(diào)技能學(xué)習(xí)的完整性,有利于提高技能學(xué)習(xí)效果；學(xué)習(xí)者具備較強(qiáng)的認(rèn)知能力,有利于提高技能水平。 (4)田徑動(dòng)作技能的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)為技能獲得、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力提高和知識(shí)掌握。遷移(兩側(cè)性和語(yǔ)言—技能遷移)指導(dǎo)策略的應(yīng)用,有利于學(xué)生對(duì)田徑動(dòng)作技能的掌握、學(xué)生基本運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的提高以及對(duì)田徑動(dòng)作技能知識(shí)的獲得。 (5)為最大限度地發(fā)揮遷移指導(dǎo)策略在田徑動(dòng)作技能學(xué)習(xí)中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值有必要充分認(rèn)識(shí)其應(yīng)用過(guò)程中的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足,以采取有效措施,提高遷移指導(dǎo)策略的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果。
[Abstract]:With the help of the theory of complexity science, this paper analyzes and explores the complexity characteristics and research path of track and field action skill system, which is helpful for people to understand and grasp the inherent law and mechanism of track and field action skill system. Broadening the research ideas of track and field action skills learning has important guiding significance to promote the theoretical research of track and field action skills and the continuous improvement of the practical level. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part, starting from the basic characteristics of track and field action skills, with the help of the related principles of complexity science, analyzes the complexity characteristics of track and field action skills system and its research path, the second part, With the complex characteristics of track and field action skills system as the starting point, combined with the general rules of human learning, this paper expounds the learning characteristics of track and field action skills; the third part, combined with the characteristics of track and field action skills learning, A case study was carried out on the transfer phenomenon in the process of learning, and an effective guiding strategy for the learning of track and field action skills was put forward. The research uses literature review, investigation, mathematical statistics and experiments to explain and practice the related problems of track and field movement skills learning, and has made some progress on the problems that have not been involved or have not been involved in the past. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) the characteristics of track and field action skills are as follows: large muscle group activities are the main skills, including a variety of movement skills and closed skills. 2) track and field action skill system is a complex system, which can provide methodological guidance for track and field action skill learning by means of emergent generation theory, cooperative theory and dissipative structure theory. 3) the characteristics of track and field action skill learning are that the influence on both limbs is asymmetrical, the integrality of skill learning is beneficial to the improvement of skill learning effect, and the learner has strong cognitive ability. It is helpful to improve the skill level. 4) the learning goal of track and field action skills is to acquire skills, improve athletic ability and master knowledge. The application of transfer (bilateral and language-skill transfer) guiding strategies is beneficial to the students' mastery of track and field movement skills, the improvement of students' basic athletic ability and the acquisition of knowledge of track and field movement skills. 5) in order to give full play to the practical application value of transfer guidance strategy in track and field action skill learning, it is necessary to fully understand its advantages and disadvantages in the process of application, so as to take effective measures to improve the practical application effect of transfer guidance strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G82

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