本文選題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融 + 消費者權(quán)益　； 參考：《對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文首先在緒論中介紹了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者保護(hù)的研究背景、意義以及研究概況后,在第2章介紹了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融保護(hù)的一般概念和理論基礎(chǔ)�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融本質(zhì)上是一種去信用中介的新金融模式,本文所論述的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融重點是體現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融典型去信用中介特點的P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸和股權(quán)眾籌融資。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于《消費者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》所指的消費者范疇,并且包括金融投資者和法人實體,指的是與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融經(jīng)營者建立金融服務(wù)合同關(guān)系,通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)或平臺購買金融商品、接受金融服務(wù)的自然人或法人。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者保護(hù)的主要理論依據(jù)是信息不對稱理論,由于金融經(jīng)營者與消費者雙方信息分布不對稱,容易導(dǎo)致在金融交易中發(fā)生逆向選擇和道德風(fēng)險。當(dāng)前金融監(jiān)管理論從雙峰理論發(fā)展到更加側(cè)重消費者保護(hù)�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融市場具有雙邊市場平臺的特點,在雙邊市場理論的框架下考察我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的競爭具有重要理論意義。在第3章,本文論述了加強(qiáng)對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者保護(hù)具有迫切必要性。首先互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融存在行業(yè)特殊性需要加強(qiáng)消費者保護(hù),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融產(chǎn)品本身具有專業(yè)性和復(fù)雜性,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融交易雙方存在信息不對稱性,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融交易雙方地位的不平等性。其次,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者的權(quán)利實現(xiàn)面臨特殊困境,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者權(quán)利具有特殊性,消費者的安全權(quán)更為突出,公平交易權(quán)遭遇嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),受教育權(quán)有待增強(qiáng)。再次,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者的權(quán)利實現(xiàn)存在法制困境,消費者保護(hù)立法缺失,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融行業(yè)存在監(jiān)管套利,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者的糾紛解決機(jī)制不暢。此外,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融市場競爭格局危及消費者保護(hù),行業(yè)內(nèi)部競爭呈現(xiàn)出集中趨勢,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融與傳統(tǒng)金融呈現(xiàn)無序競爭,整體互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融市場競爭狀況不利于消費者權(quán)益保護(hù)。總之,從行業(yè)特殊性、權(quán)利實現(xiàn)情況、法制建設(shè)情況以及競爭格局方面都存在許多不利于消費者保護(hù)的因素,迫切需要金融監(jiān)管介入加強(qiáng)金融消費者保護(hù)。在第4章,本文論述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融經(jīng)營者與消費者的沖突與協(xié)調(diào)。首先,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融經(jīng)營者的說明義務(wù)與消費者知情權(quán)存在沖突,金融消費者利益受到侵害的源自金融專業(yè)知識匱乏、對金融產(chǎn)品存在認(rèn)知偏差,應(yīng)當(dāng)對經(jīng)營者的說明義務(wù)進(jìn)行規(guī)制,進(jìn)一步規(guī)范經(jīng)營者不說明、虛假說明和提供主觀斷定判斷行為。其次,金融經(jīng)營者應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格遵循適當(dāng)性原則,不僅要求金融經(jīng)營者推介的金融產(chǎn)品適當(dāng),也要求其推介行為應(yīng)當(dāng)符合勸誘行為適當(dāng)?shù)囊?應(yīng)當(dāng)對金融產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的專業(yè)性及風(fēng)險等級進(jìn)行評估管理,完善金融消費者風(fēng)險承受能力測評制度,將合適的金融產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)提供給適當(dāng)?shù)慕鹑谙M者。再次,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融征信的復(fù)雜性和不確定性導(dǎo)致金融消費者信息安全面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn),個人隱私保護(hù)成為了制約互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融發(fā)展的瓶頸,要進(jìn)一步對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)征信數(shù)據(jù)采集與使用進(jìn)行明確,平衡互聯(lián)網(wǎng)征信信息共享與個人隱私保護(hù)的沖突。此外,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融市場具有明顯的雙邊市場特征,在制定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融監(jiān)管政策時,應(yīng)該充分考慮雙邊市場的基本規(guī)律,采取不同于傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)管的思路與制度構(gòu)建,以維護(hù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融市場消費者權(quán)益保護(hù)需要。在第5章,本文實證分析了P2P網(wǎng)貸模式中的消費者保護(hù)。P2P網(wǎng)貸典型體現(xiàn)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的核心特點,是一類具有代表意義的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融發(fā)展模式,在國際上發(fā)展的典型代表是美國Lendingclub公司,在國內(nèi)發(fā)展的典型代表是陸金所。本文對二者運營模式對消費者的影響進(jìn)行實證比較,對其中影響到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者權(quán)益的可能因素進(jìn)行分析。美國監(jiān)管部門5EC認(rèn)定Lendingclub構(gòu)成發(fā)行證券,應(yīng)按照證券模式進(jìn)行監(jiān)管,通過充分的信息披露對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者進(jìn)行保護(hù)。陸金所對國際上的P2P網(wǎng)貸模式進(jìn)行了一定的演化和變型。陸金所模式在中國的變型引發(fā)了一系列法律風(fēng)險,在風(fēng)險控制、信息披露、資產(chǎn)證券化與債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓模式等方面都危及消費者保護(hù),需要加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管對P2P網(wǎng)貸消費者進(jìn)行充分保護(hù)。通過理論與實證研究論證,本文在第6章提出了我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者法律保護(hù)路徑選擇。要確立向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者傾斜、適度保護(hù)的基本原則,傾斜保護(hù)是緩解金融信息不對稱的內(nèi)在要求,適度保護(hù)原則是實現(xiàn)交易雙方信息平衡的基本遵循。我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融領(lǐng)域面臨立法缺位困境,要盡快制定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費者保護(hù)專門立法,同時還要制定類型化的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融專項規(guī)制立法。特別要建立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融消費爭議處理制度,借鑒國際上金融申訴專員制度的成功實踐經(jīng)驗,構(gòu)建適合國情的爭議處理制度。在現(xiàn)有監(jiān)管框架下加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制,注重不同監(jiān)管部門之間的監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)。要創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融監(jiān)管基本制度建設(shè),保持適當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險容忍度,維護(hù)金融創(chuàng)新與消費者保護(hù)的平衡；堅持負(fù)面清單原則,原則性監(jiān)管與規(guī)則性監(jiān)管相結(jié)合；注重信息披露,堅持透明度監(jiān)管：加強(qiáng)行業(yè)自律,充分發(fā)揮第三方監(jiān)督作用。
[Abstract]:This article first introduces the research background, significance and research situation of Internet financial consumer protection in the introduction. After the second chapter, it introduces the general concept and theoretical basis of Internet financial protection. Internet finance is a new financial model which is essentially a kind of credit intermediary. The emphasis of this article is to reflect the interconnection of Internet finance. Internet Finance typically goes to P2P network lending and equity financing. Internet financial consumers should belong to the consumer category referred to in the consumer protection law, including financial investors and corporate entities, referring to Internet Financial operator Jian Lijin, through Internet technology or by Internet technology. The main theoretical basis for the protection of Internet financial consumers is the information asymmetry theory. The asymmetric distribution of information between the financial operators and the consumers will lead to adverse selection and moral hazard in financial transactions. The current financial supervision theory is from Shuangfeng. The theory has developed to more consumer protection. The Internet financial market has the characteristics of bilateral market platform. It is of great theoretical significance to examine the competition of Internet Finance in China under the framework of bilateral market theory. In the third chapter, this paper discusses the urgency of strengthening the protection of Internet financial consumers. The particularity of the existing industry needs to strengthen the consumer protection, the Internet financial product itself has the specialty and complexity, the information asymmetry of the two sides of the Internet financial transactions, the uneven status of the two sides of the Internet financial transactions. Secondly, the realization of the rights and interests of the Internet Financial Consumers is facing special difficulties, and the Internet Financial Consumers The rights of the consumers are more special, the right of the security of the consumers is more prominent, the right to fair transaction is faced with severe challenges, and the right to education needs to be strengthened. Again, the rights of the Internet financial consumers have the legal dilemma, the consumer protection legislation is missing, the Internet financial industry has regulatory arbitrage, and the dispute settlement mechanism of the Internet financial consumers is not smooth. In addition, the competition pattern of the Internet financial market endangers the consumer protection, the internal competition in the industry presents a centralized trend, the Internet Finance and the traditional finance are disorderly, and the overall competition status of the Internet financial market is not conducive to the protection of the rights and interests of consumers. In a word, from the particularity of the industry, the realization of rights, the construction of the legal system and the competition In the fourth chapter, the conflict and coordination between Internet financial operators and consumers is discussed in the fourth chapter. First, there is conflict between the explanation obligation of Internet financial operators and the right to know the consumers, and the profit of the financial consumers is good. Due to the lack of financial professional knowledge and cognitive bias on financial products, it is necessary to regulate the obligations of the operators, to further standardize the operators' non explanation, false explanation and to provide subjective judgment behavior. Secondly, the financial operators should strictly follow the principle of appropriateness and not only request the financial operators to recommend them. The appropriate financial products should also meet the appropriate requirements of the persuasion, the evaluation and management of the professional and risk levels of financial products or services, the improvement of the financial consumer risk tolerance assessment system, and the provision of appropriate financial products or services to the appropriate financial consumers. The complexity and uncertainty of the network financial credit leads to the huge challenge to the information security of the financial consumers. Personal privacy protection has become a bottleneck restricting the development of Internet finance. It is necessary to further clarify the data collection and use of Internet credit, to balance the conflict between the information sharing of Internet information and the protection of personal privacy. The network financial market has obvious characteristics of bilateral market. In the formulation of the Internet financial supervision policy, we should fully consider the basic rules of the bilateral market, adopt different ideas and systems which are different from the traditional supervision, in order to protect the protection needs of the consumer rights and interests of the Internet financial market. In the fifth chapter, this paper empirically analyses the P2P net loan model. Consumer protection.P2P net loan typically embodies the core characteristics of Internet finance, is a representative of the Internet financial development model, the typical representative of the international development is the American Lendingclub company, the typical representative of the domestic development is Lu Jin. This paper makes an empirical comparison of the influence of the two mode of operation on the consumer. The possible factors affecting the rights and interests of the Internet financial consumers are analyzed. The United States regulatory agency 5EC believes that Lendingclub constitutes the issue of securities, which should be regulated in accordance with the securities model and protect the Internet financial consumers through full disclosure of information. Lu Jin has evolved a certain evolution of the P2P net loan model on the international level. The pattern of Lu Jin's pattern in China has caused a series of legal risks, which endanger consumer protection in the aspects of risk control, information disclosure, asset securitization and the transfer of creditor's rights. It is necessary to strengthen financial supervision to protect consumers of P2P net fully. Through theory and demonstration, the sixth chapter puts forward me in this paper. China's Internet financial consumer legal protection path choice. To establish the basic principle of the Internet financial consumers inclined, moderate protection, inclined protection is the inherent requirement to alleviate the financial information asymmetry, the principle of moderate protection is the basic compliance of the information balance of the two parties. The special legislation of Internet financial consumer protection should be formulated as soon as possible, and the special regulation legislation of Internet finance should be formulated. In particular, it is necessary to establish an internet financial consumption dispute processing system, draw on the successful practice experience of the International Financial Ombudsman System, and construct a dispute handling system suitable for the national conditions. Under the framework, we should strengthen the coordination mechanism of Internet financial supervision, pay attention to the supervision and coordination between different regulatory departments. We should innovate the basic system construction of Internet financial supervision, maintain the appropriate risk tolerance, maintain the balance of financial innovation and consumer protection, adhere to the principle of negative list, combine principle supervision with regular supervision, and pay attention to the letter. Interest disclosure, adhere to transparency regulation: strengthen industry self-discipline, give full play to the role of the third party supervision.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923.8

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本文編號：1841138