本文選題：區(qū)分所有建筑物 + 重建�。� 參考：《中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：區(qū)分所有建筑物重建不僅是區(qū)分所有建筑物管理中的重大現(xiàn)實(shí)難題,而且還關(guān)涉到“居者有其屋”民生思想的實(shí)現(xiàn)問題。追本溯源,主要有如下四個(gè)方面緣由:其一,重建工程浩大,急需大量資金注入。如今社會是高危風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無處不在、無時(shí)不有的時(shí)代,地震、火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)、臺風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生日益頻繁,造成區(qū)分所有建筑物毀損滅失的規(guī)模之大面積之廣系屬空前,例如我國1998年的洪澇災(zāi)害和我國2008年汶川地震造成的損害即是。而且區(qū)分所有建筑物因年代久遠(yuǎn)而自然腐朽嚴(yán)重,住房改革30多年來我國城市危房改造等問題日趨凸顯,這不僅影響到房主的切身權(quán)益,而且還關(guān)涉居住權(quán)和人權(quán)的保護(hù),甚至還會影響到一個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。然而,現(xiàn)實(shí)中因諸多因素很難籌夠重建資金。其二,重建協(xié)議難達(dá)成。除了獲得一定業(yè)主同意外,還需滿足其他實(shí)質(zhì)構(gòu)成要件和形式要件,唯有如此,方可進(jìn)行重建。但事實(shí)并非如此,因業(yè)主經(jīng)濟(jì)能力上的差異,權(quán)益衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)各異,很難達(dá)成重建協(xié)議。另外,雖然立法者在重建中尊重了業(yè)主意思自治的原則,但因公共利益和公共秩序之需常規(guī)定過嚴(yán)的投票機(jī)制,致使現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中業(yè)主之間很難達(dá)成重建協(xié)議。其三,不同類型區(qū)分所有建筑物重建制度不盡相同。因區(qū)分所有建筑物毀損滅失原因諸多,常常損害嚴(yán)重、面積廣、規(guī)模大、牽涉權(quán)益主體眾多,而導(dǎo)致不同類型區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度的規(guī)定和立法體系迥然不同,甚至相差甚遠(yuǎn)。例如,一般區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度與災(zāi)后區(qū)分所有建筑物重建制度即屬之。其四,重建中的權(quán)益難平衡。重建關(guān)涉多方利害關(guān)系人,若重建未取得全體業(yè)主一致同意,那么難免會形成贊成重建的人對少數(shù)反對重建人的強(qiáng)制。另外,區(qū)分所有建筑物共用部分上的相關(guān)權(quán)益人的權(quán)益保護(hù)也是重建順利進(jìn)行的有力保障。為此,民法既然是私法,是人法,就理應(yīng)對區(qū)分所有建筑物的重建進(jìn)行全面規(guī)制,唯有如此,才能體現(xiàn)以人為本的法治理念。然而,我國《物權(quán)法》卻僅在第76條規(guī)定了重建問題,即改建、重建建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)專有部分占建筑物總面積三分之二以上的業(yè)主且人數(shù)占總?cè)藬?shù)三分之二以上的業(yè)主同意,其內(nèi)容十分簡略,無法滿足現(xiàn)實(shí)中重建的需要。目前,國內(nèi)外對區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度的研究主要以行政法的視角進(jìn)行研究和探討為主,從私法角度進(jìn)行研究的文獻(xiàn)較為缺乏。本文擬從私法角度對區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度進(jìn)行全面深入研究,并以各國民法、建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)法及國內(nèi)外有關(guān)區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律問題的文獻(xiàn)為研究資料,闡述區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的概念、種類、理論基礎(chǔ)、構(gòu)成要件及法律效果等基本問題。進(jìn)而對區(qū)分所有建筑物重建進(jìn)行類型化研究,并將其劃分為一般重建類型和特殊重建類型。本文重點(diǎn)剖析了一般重建類型中的全部滅失重建和部分滅失重建,并探討了巨災(zāi)后區(qū)分所有建筑物重建和由數(shù)棟建筑物構(gòu)成的小區(qū)重建等特殊類型。同時(shí),也對災(zāi)后農(nóng)村住房重建、農(nóng)村危房重建及城市危房重建等若干重要重建問題及相關(guān)特殊問題進(jìn)行了研討。最后,本文梳理了我國區(qū)分所有建筑物重建有關(guān)法律制度,并指出其特點(diǎn)和缺陷,試圖借鑒域外成熟完備的區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度,構(gòu)建我國完備的區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度,期冀為我國民法典的制定及《物權(quán)法》的修改提供立法參考,這不僅具有重大的理論價(jià)值,而且具有極強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文共分八章。第一章,導(dǎo)論。主要分析選題背景與選題意義,綜述國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),提煉研究內(nèi)容,歸總出本文的研究方法與思路,為全文的研究定下基調(diào)。第二章,區(qū)分所有建筑物重建一般理論是本文理論基礎(chǔ)部分。主要闡述區(qū)分所有建筑物的概念及立法與學(xué)說,分析了區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的概念和種類,進(jìn)而剖析區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的理論。第三章,區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的要件。分別闡述了區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的物理要件、經(jīng)濟(jì)要件、主觀要件、主體要件及程序要件五要件。第四章,區(qū)分所建筑物重建的權(quán)益保護(hù)與權(quán)益調(diào)整。主要論述了反對重建者、第三人、管理團(tuán)體三者之間的權(quán)益保護(hù)及重建中開發(fā)商權(quán)益關(guān)系的調(diào)整,并探討了區(qū)分所有建筑物不重建法律效果規(guī)則。第五章,區(qū)分所有建筑物重建的特殊形態(tài)。主要對由數(shù)棟建筑物構(gòu)成的小區(qū)的重建、城市危房重建及技術(shù)性災(zāi)后區(qū)分所有建筑物重建分別加以論述。第六章,區(qū)分所有建筑物部分滅失的修復(fù)與重建及全部滅失的再建與重建。按區(qū)分所有建筑物毀損滅失程度和重建特殊性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將其劃分為區(qū)分所有建筑物重建一般類型和區(qū)分所有建筑物重建特殊類型,進(jìn)而重點(diǎn)剖析一般類型中的區(qū)分所有建筑物全部滅失時(shí)的修復(fù)與重建和部分滅失時(shí)的再建與重建問題。第七章,與區(qū)分所有建筑物重建有關(guān)的災(zāi)后農(nóng)村住房、危房重建。重點(diǎn)剖析了農(nóng)村危房重建和災(zāi)后農(nóng)村房屋重建兩類。第八章,我國區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度的完善與建構(gòu)。具體評議我國區(qū)分所有建筑物重建法律制度,指出其具體特點(diǎn)和缺陷,并鏡鑒域外完備成熟的區(qū)分所有建筑物重建立法理念及制度,構(gòu)建符合我國國情的區(qū)分所有建筑物重建具體規(guī)則與相關(guān)制度。
[Abstract]:The reconstruction of all buildings is not only a major problem in the management of all buildings, but also related to the realization of the people's livelihood of the people who have their houses. The main reasons are the following four reasons: first, the reconstruction project is great, and a large number of funds are urgently needed. In the non - times, natural disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, and typhoons, are becoming more and more frequent, causing an unprecedented scale of the scale of the destruction of all buildings, such as the floods in 1998 in China and the damage caused by the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 in our country. Serious, the housing reform for more than 30 years in China has become increasingly prominent, which not only affects the rights and interests of the owners, but also concerns the protection of the right of residence and human rights, and even the stability of a country and region. However, in reality, the reconstruction of funds is difficult because of many factors. Secondly, the reconstruction agreement is difficult to reach. It is not so, but it is not the case, but it is difficult to achieve the reconstruction agreement because of the differences in the owner's economic ability and the standard of equity. In addition, although the legislator respects the principle of owner autonomy in the reconstruction, it is due to the principle of the owner's autonomy. The needs of public interests and public order often stipulate a strict voting mechanism, which makes it difficult for the owners to reach a reconstruction agreement in real life. Thirdly, different types of reconstruction of all buildings are different. Because of the many reasons for the destruction of all buildings, they often suffer serious damage, wide area and large scale, involving a large number of rights and interests. The provisions and legislative systems that lead to different types of reconstruction of all buildings are quite different and even far apart. For example, a general distinction is made between the reconstruction of all buildings and the reconstruction of all buildings after the disaster. Fourthly, it is difficult to balance the rights and interests of the reconstruction. Reconstruction of the multiple stakeholders, if rebuilt, is rebuilt. Without the agreement of all the owners, it is inevitable that the people who approve of the reconstruction are obliged to oppose the reconstruction of the people. In addition, the protection of the rights and interests of the relevant stakeholders on the shared parts of all buildings is also a powerful guarantee for the smooth reconstruction. Only in this way can reconstruction be fully regulated, only in this way can the concept of people based rule of law be embodied. However, China's property law only stipulates the problem of reconstruction, that is, reconstruction, reconstruction of buildings and its subsidiary facilities, which should account for more than 2/3 of the owner of the total area of the building and the number of more than 2/3 of the total number of buildings with the exclusive part. The main agreement, its content is very simple, can not meet the needs of reconstruction in reality. At present, domestic and foreign research on the legal system for the reconstruction of all buildings is mainly studied and discussed in the perspective of administrative law. The literature from the perspective of private law is relatively short. This paper is to distinguish the reconstruction of all buildings from the perspective of private law. A comprehensive and thorough study of the law system is carried out, and the literature of the civil law of various countries, the law of distinguishing the ownership of buildings and the relevant documents on the reconstruction of all buildings at home and abroad is studied, and the basic problems such as the concept, type, theoretical basis, constitutive requirements and legal effects of the reconstruction of all buildings are expounded. The reconstruction is typed and divided into the general reconstruction type and the special reconstruction type. This paper focuses on the analysis of the total loss reconstruction and partial loss reconstruction in the general reconstruction types, and discusses the special types of the reconstruction of all buildings and the reconstruction of the residential areas made up of several buildings after the catastrophe. The reconstruction of village housing, the reconstruction of rural housing and the reconstruction of the urban crisis house and other important problems are discussed. Finally, this paper combs the legal system of the reconstruction of all buildings in our country, and points out its characteristics and defects, and tries to draw lessons from the mature and complete legal system for the reconstruction of all buildings. Building a complete legal system for the reconstruction of all building reconstruction in China, hoping to provide legislative reference for the formulation of our national code and the amendment of the property law. This is not only of great theoretical value but also of great practical significance. This article is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1, introduction. This paper mainly analyzes the background and significance of the topic, and summarizes the domestic and foreign language. In the second chapter, the general theory of the reconstruction of all buildings is the basic part of this paper. The concept of distinguishing all buildings, the legislation and theory, the concept and types of the reconstruction of all buildings are analyzed, and then the analysis is made. The third chapter distinguishes the reconstruction of all buildings. It distinguishes the elements of the reconstruction of all buildings, expounds the physical elements, the economic elements, the subjective elements, the main elements and the procedural elements. The fourth chapter distinguishes the rights protection and the rights and interests adjustment of the reconstruction of the buildings. The third people, the adjustment of the rights and interests of the developers in the rights and interests between the three management groups and the reconstruction of the legal effect rules of all buildings. The fifth chapter distinguishes the special form of the reconstruction of all buildings. Distinguish all building reconstruction separately. The sixth chapter distinguishes the restoration and reconstruction of all the buildings and the reconstruction and reconstruction of all the lost buildings. According to the criteria to distinguish the extent of destruction and the special criteria for the reconstruction of all buildings, it divides them into a general type of reconstruction of all buildings and the distinction of the special reconstruction of all buildings. Type, and then focus on the analysis of the restoration and reconstruction and reconstruction and reconstruction of the general types when all the buildings are lost. The seventh chapter, the rural housing and the reconstruction of rural housing related to the reconstruction of all buildings. The reconstruction of rural housing and the reconstruction of rural housing after the disaster are analyzed in two categories. Eighth chapters, Our country distinguishes the perfection and construction of the legal system for the reconstruction of all buildings. It specifically reviews the legal system of the reconstruction of all buildings in our country, points out its specific characteristics and defects, and mirrors the comprehensive and mature legislative ideas and systems for the reconstruction of all buildings, and constructs the specific rules for the reconstruction of all buildings in accordance with the national conditions of our country. And the related system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.297
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本文編號：1834767