本文選題：體育哲學 + 體育本質(zhì)��； 參考：《南京師范大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：體育現(xiàn)實的困境在一定程度上源于體育思想的匱乏,而體育思想的匱乏則在很大程度上源自對體育本質(zhì)認識的不足。因此,對體育本質(zhì)的探究是體育理論研究不可或缺的組成部分。而我國體育本質(zhì)研究現(xiàn)狀中長期存在著的概念的窠臼、體育的失落與發(fā)展的僵滯等弊病,更使體育本質(zhì)研究在其重要性之外顯得更為必要而緊迫�；诖�,本研究選擇在哲學詮釋學的方法論指引下,以西方哲學中的游戲說為理論基礎,將游戲視為體育本質(zhì)的一種研究視域,從競技、觀眾、規(guī)則、榮譽和自由五個方面逐步深入的展開對體育本質(zhì)的一種哲學解釋。競技是在游戲視域下對體育本質(zhì)進行哲學解釋的一個起點。抽象的競技從動物競逐到社會競爭、再到社會競爭意識的形成及其常態(tài)化的發(fā)展過程,具象化在體育中,則相應的體現(xiàn)為從動物性身體對抗到技術化身體對抗、再到戰(zhàn)術化競技與競技觀念實在化的發(fā)展過程。這一過程形式上看是對體育中競爭本質(zhì)的抽象與遮蔽,實質(zhì)上則是對體育中競爭本質(zhì)的滲透與升華。觀眾是體育本質(zhì)不可或缺的主體存在�，F(xiàn)有研究過多的將觀眾視為體育過程中的看客而非主體,實質(zhì)上是對觀眾主體性及其自我尊嚴的蔑視。因此,對體育本質(zhì)的認識需要轉(zhuǎn)變對觀眾身份的認同,將他們視作體育中有著鮮明自我尊嚴的主體存在來看待,在認可的前提下給予尊重,而這也是對觀眾個體自我尊嚴的一種承認的體現(xiàn)。規(guī)則是體育本質(zhì)得以延續(xù)和發(fā)展的根本,也是體育本身額內(nèi)在發(fā)展需求。規(guī)則在體育中的運行需要保持一種動態(tài)的界限,一方面體育需要構筑起有著明確的時間界限的、自身獨立的空間,另一方面體育也需要表現(xiàn)為一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展著的歷史過程,具有可重復性。同時,規(guī)則在體育中的運行還需要得到體育參與者的普遍認同,由此確立的體育參與個體間的平等性,也體現(xiàn)了體育本質(zhì)的公平性特征。榮譽是體育之于人的象征性存在,也是體育本質(zhì)的一種象征性體現(xiàn)。金牌戰(zhàn)略的異化源自被工具化了的榮譽觀對體育本質(zhì)的背離,體育中的榮譽應當摒棄工具化的束縛,在深化競爭意識的同時淡化競爭的符號價值。在體育過程中,競技能力是榮譽得以創(chuàng)造的基礎,規(guī)則意識的內(nèi)化是榮譽產(chǎn)生的前提,符號化的表征與利益的賦予則是榮譽的一種客觀化的顯現(xiàn)。自由是體育中人的自我實現(xiàn),也是體育本質(zhì)所追求的根本目的所在。體育中的自由應當是人的內(nèi)在沖動力在超越外在束縛后逐漸生成的一種自由意志。這種自由意志在人的理性認識的滲透下逐漸成為一種有原則的、規(guī)范化了的理性意志。約束使體育中的自由感受成為可能,而自由提供的對未知界限的空間感,則是自由賦予體育中的人最核心的價值所在。
[Abstract]:To some extent, the predicament of sports reality stems from the lack of sports thought, and the lack of sports thought is due to the lack of understanding of the essence of sports to a great extent. Therefore, the exploration of sports essence is an indispensable part of sports theory research. However, the long-term concept of sports essence research in our country, the loss of sports and the stagnation of development make the study of sports essence more necessary and urgent than its importance. Therefore, under the guidance of the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics and based on the theory of game theory in western philosophy, this study regards the game as a kind of research field of the essence of sports, from the competition, the audience, the rule, and so on. The five aspects of honor and freedom gradually unfold a philosophical explanation of the essence of sports. Athletics is a starting point for philosophical explanation of the essence of sports in the field of game. Abstract competition from animal competition to social competition, and then to the formation of social competitive consciousness and its regular development process, concrete in sports, the corresponding embodiment is from animal body confrontation to technical physical confrontation. Then to the tactical competitive and competitive concept of the development process of reality. In form, this process is the abstraction and shielding of the essence of competition in sports, and the infiltration and sublimation of the essence of competition in sports in essence. Audience is the essential subject of sports. The present research regards the audience as a spectator rather than a subject in the process of sports, which is in essence a contempt for the spectator's subjectivity and its self-dignity. Therefore, the understanding of the essence of sports needs to change the identity of the audience, to regard them as the main body with distinct self-dignity in sports, and to respect them under the premise of recognition. This is also an admission of the individual self-dignity of the audience. Rules are the basis of the continuation and development of the essence of sports, and also the inner development demand of sports itself. The operation of rules in sports needs to maintain a dynamic boundary. On the one hand, sports need to build a clear time limit, independent space, on the other hand, sports also need to be a kind of sustainable development of the historical process. It has repeatability. At the same time, the operation of the rules in sports also needs to be generally recognized by the sports participants, thus establishing the equality between the individual sports participants, but also reflects the equity of the nature of sports characteristics. Honor is not only the symbolic existence of sports to people, but also a symbolic embodiment of the essence of sports. The alienation of gold medal strategy originates from the deviation of the concept of honor from the essence of sports. The honor in sports should abandon the bondage of instrumentalization and weaken the symbolic value of competition while deepening the sense of competition. In the process of sports, competitive ability is the basis of the creation of honor, the internalization of rule consciousness is the premise of the emergence of honor, and the representation of symbolization and the giving of benefits is an objective manifestation of honor. Freedom is not only the self-realization of people in sports, but also the fundamental aim of the essence of sports. Freedom in sports should be a kind of free will which the inner impulse of human gradually produces after surmounting the external bondage. This kind of free will has gradually become a kind of rational will with principle and standardization under the infiltration of human rational cognition. Constraints make it possible to feel free in sports, and the sense of space provided by freedom to unknown boundaries is the core value that freedom gives to people in sports.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G80
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本文編號：1833782