本文選題：微博 + 微博政治��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究是基于以下兩個(gè)基本的社會(huì)事實(shí):一是,微博在中國(guó)無(wú)處不在。根據(jù)《中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告》(2015年7月),截至2015年6月,我國(guó)網(wǎng)民規(guī)模達(dá)6.68億,微博客用戶規(guī)模為2.04億,網(wǎng)民使用率為30.6%,手機(jī)端微博客用戶數(shù)為1.62億,使用率為27.3%。手機(jī)端微博客用戶占總體的79.4%,比2014年底上升了 10.7%。盡管從2013年開(kāi)始,搜狐、網(wǎng)易、騰訊等公司對(duì)微博客投入力度陸續(xù)減少,微博客整體市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入洗牌期,但從整個(gè)社交類產(chǎn)品范疇來(lái)看,微博已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)網(wǎng)民使用的主流應(yīng)用,龐大的用戶規(guī)模又進(jìn)一步鞏固了其網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論傳播中心的地位,微博正在重塑社會(huì)輿論生產(chǎn)和傳播機(jī)制,無(wú)論是普通用戶,還是意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖和傳統(tǒng)媒體,其獲取新聞、傳播新聞、發(fā)表意見(jiàn)、制造輿論的途徑都不同程度的轉(zhuǎn)向微博平臺(tái)。二是,微博政治在中國(guó)業(yè)已形成。微博“短評(píng)快”的特征,預(yù)示著一種引人注目的力量:民眾用它發(fā)聲,政府用它發(fā)言;民眾用它曝光,政府用它回應(yīng);民眾用它申訴,政府用它安撫;民眾用它自戀,政府用它自信;民眾不僅想說(shuō)話,還想?yún)⑴c;政府不僅想發(fā)布,還想控制……正如當(dāng)年“網(wǎng)絡(luò)化邏輯的擴(kuò)散實(shí)質(zhì)性地改變了生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、權(quán)力與文化過(guò)程中的操作和結(jié)果”,微博也在悄然間極大地改變著中國(guó)的政治環(huán)境和政治生態(tài),用《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的話來(lái)說(shuō):當(dāng)數(shù)以億計(jì)的微博用戶的注意力集中于某個(gè)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)時(shí),就成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的政治壓力集團(tuán),足以推動(dòng)變革。從這兩個(gè)基本的社會(huì)事實(shí)出發(fā),本文嘗試用政治心理學(xué)的思維去解讀“中國(guó)業(yè)已形成的的微博政治生態(tài)”。原因在于:一方面,從學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)的角度看,盡管計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、傳播學(xué)、教育學(xué)、政治學(xué)等學(xué)科的學(xué)者都已介入微博領(lǐng)域,但學(xué)科分布并不均衡,明顯的“傳播學(xué)”學(xué)科偏好導(dǎo)致了微博研究在其他學(xué)科視角的分散與疏離,并引致了事實(shí)探索偏向強(qiáng)而觀念裁量與理論研究偏向弱的研究取向,直接造成當(dāng)前微博的學(xué)術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展存在較大落差,研究水平明顯滯后于現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展速度的研究景象。更為重要的一點(diǎn)是,當(dāng)前的微博研究,多少表現(xiàn)出“物化”的傾向,“人”的缺場(chǎng)導(dǎo)致了“人各有志”的“單向度”。因此,本文的研究意義就在于,提出并闡釋“微博政治”的合理性,試圖找到隱藏在微博政治背后的規(guī)律性東西。研究命名為“微博政治的理論解釋”,主旨是描述從微博興起到微博政治形成的整個(gè)變化過(guò)程,概括出這種變化的特點(diǎn),分析微博政治形成的動(dòng)力、路徑和機(jī)制,指出當(dāng)前不利于微博政治實(shí)踐的某些因素,并初步構(gòu)想這一政治形態(tài)的未來(lái)樣態(tài)和發(fā)展,即微博政治的理論重塑。為了區(qū)別于以往側(cè)重“應(yīng)該是什么樣子”的純學(xué)理性研究,本研究重點(diǎn)在于從“心理-行為”的層面探明中國(guó)微博政治實(shí)踐的社會(huì)路徑現(xiàn)在“實(shí)際上是什么樣子”。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),就是要回答四個(gè)問(wèn)題:發(fā)生了什么?為什么發(fā)生?如何發(fā)生?未來(lái)可能怎樣?對(duì)此,本文的研究展開(kāi)為以下五個(gè)部分:第一章:導(dǎo)論。作為全文的開(kāi)篇,一是,從研究提出的背景與意義入手,明確選題的目的與價(jià)值;二是,對(duì)當(dāng)前的微博研究進(jìn)行總體梳理,尋找研究空間與理論適切;三是,闡明研究的總體框架與邏輯理路,并指出相關(guān)研究方法、可能的創(chuàng)新與不足。第二章:“微博現(xiàn)象的理論解讀”。一是,從美國(guó)Twitter的肇始到中國(guó)微博的興起,考察微博產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)與趨勢(shì);二是從“矛盾性”與“辯證性”著手,描述微博的外在特征;三是,從“虛擬性”與“公共性”落筆,探討微博的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)。并最終得出微博的政治意蘊(yùn),即在于其作為虛擬公共領(lǐng)域的核心論斷。第三章:“微博政治”的提出及其理論闡釋。在分析微博政治的可行與可為的基礎(chǔ)上,一是,對(duì)微博政治的概念進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)義界定——它是人們?cè)谧鳛樘摂M公共領(lǐng)域的微博,所表現(xiàn)出的對(duì)話語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的各種行為;二是,對(duì)微博政治的要素進(jìn)行了構(gòu)件厘定——它按照人(脖友)-群體(圈子)-社會(huì)的演進(jìn)路徑,賦予了主體活動(dòng)從“分享”到“協(xié)商”的價(jià)值走向,并形成特定的從“自戀”到“團(tuán)結(jié)”的心理聯(lián)結(jié),最終建立從從“權(quán)力”到“秩序”的政治圖景;三是,對(duì)微博政治的條件進(jìn)行了邏輯限制,本文所談?wù)摰奈⒉┱?因其發(fā)生在普通百姓的生活世界,所以歸根結(jié)底,不過(guò)是生活政治、微觀政治、差異政治的現(xiàn)實(shí)演繹。第四章:微博政治的現(xiàn)實(shí)鏡像。本章從理論探討回歸現(xiàn)實(shí)描摹,以新浪微博平臺(tái)為依托,以新浪影響力榜為樣本,隨機(jī)抽取13名用戶進(jìn)行分類考察,并以2014.03.01 -2014.03.31時(shí)間段內(nèi)新浪微博數(shù)據(jù)中心統(tǒng)計(jì)的話題排行榜和事件排行榜為基準(zhǔn),通過(guò)個(gè)案剖析、他者立場(chǎng)和敘事研究,運(yùn)用影響力指數(shù)、心理指標(biāo)、行為指標(biāo)和內(nèi)容指標(biāo)及關(guān)鍵詞分析技術(shù)對(duì)分類用戶、熱門(mén)話題和典型案例進(jìn)行實(shí)證考察。第五章:微博政治的理論解釋。根據(jù)第四章的分析數(shù)據(jù),本章提出微博政治的三大理論構(gòu)想:第一,微博政治的生成路徑表現(xiàn)為縱橫交錯(cuò)的兩幅圖景:在縱向維度上,遵循從個(gè)體到社會(huì)的演進(jìn)路徑,脖友尋求的是“我的地盤(pán)我做主的”權(quán)力政治,圈子期盼的獲得現(xiàn)實(shí)認(rèn)同的“身份政治”,而社會(huì)指向的則是公共治理的“秩序政治”。在橫向時(shí)間維度上,微博政治則明顯的區(qū)分為有事無(wú)事兩種狀態(tài),無(wú)事時(shí)的閑言碎語(yǔ)和有事時(shí)的迅速集結(jié)共同演繹了微博世界里永復(fù)交織的生活政治面向與解放政治爆發(fā)。第二,微博政治的力量展演,表現(xiàn)為從下至上的力量滲透:脖友樂(lè)此不疲通過(guò)參與問(wèn)政、影響公共事件、監(jiān)督公共權(quán)力證明“平民與莎士比亞”在同一起跑線,且人人都能充當(dāng)新聞?dòng)浾叩恼蚰芰俊５谌?微博政治的價(jià)值重塑,則表現(xiàn)為由內(nèi)向外的制度匡扶。由于微博碎片化、即時(shí)性等特征,加之名人影響力從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活遷移至網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界,因此,如何塑造更加寬容與自由的公共領(lǐng)域,為身處其中的個(gè)體和圈子提供放心、安全的制度保障是微博在價(jià)值建構(gòu)上必須面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:This study is based on the following two basic social facts: one is that micro-blog is ubiquitous in China. According to the China Internet development statistics report (July 2015), as of June 2015, the scale of Internet users in China is 668 million, the size of the microblog users is 204 million, the use rate of the net people is 30.6%, and the number of microblog users on the mobile phone is 162 million, The use rate of 27.3%. mobile phone end microblog users accounted for 79.4% of the total, up 10.7%. compared with the end of 2014, although from 2013, Sohu, NetEase, Tencent and other companies have gradually reduced the micro blog investment, microblog overall market entered the shuffle period, but from the whole social category, micro-blog has become the owner of Chinese netizens. Flow application, the huge user scale further consolidates its position of network public opinion communication center. Micro-blog is reshaping the production and dissemination mechanism of public opinion, whether it is ordinary user, or opinion leader and traditional media, its access to news, news, opinion, and the way to make public opinion are different to the micro-blog platform. The two is that micro-blog politics has been formed in China. The characteristics of micro-blog "short comment fast" indicate a compelling force: the public uses it to voice, the government uses it; the public uses it to expose, the government responds with it; the public uses it to appeal, the government appease it; the people use it to narcissism, the government uses it confidence; the people want to speak not only, but also want to participate; the people want to speak, but also want to participate; The government not only wants to release it, but also wants to control it. As "the proliferation of networked logic essentially changed the operations and results of production, experience, power and culture", micro-blog was quietly changing China's political environment and political ecology. In the words of the New York Times, the attention of hundreds of millions of micro-blog users When the force is concentrated in a social hot spot, it becomes a powerful political pressure group, which is enough to promote change. From these two basic social facts, this article tries to interpret "the micro-blog political ecology that has been formed in China" with the political psychology thinking. Scholars in science, communication, education, politics and other disciplines have been involved in the field of micro-blog, but the distribution of disciplines is not balanced. The obvious "communication" subject preference leads to the dispersion and alienation of micro-blog research in the perspective of other disciplines, and leads to the research orientation of the fact exploration bias and the weak theory research. There is a big gap between the current research and the development of micro-blog's academic research and reality, and the research level is obviously lagging behind the speed of reality. The more important point is that the current micro-blog research shows the tendency of "materialization", and the lack of people leads to the "unidirectional" of "each person". Therefore, the study of this paper The meaning is to put forward and explain the rationality of "micro-blog politics" and try to find the regular things hidden behind the micro-blog politics. The research is named "the theoretical explanation of micro-blog politics". The main purpose is to describe the whole process of the change from the rise of micro-blog to the political formation of micro-blog, and to describe the characteristics of this change, and to analyze the formation of the political formation of micro-blog. The motive force, the path and the mechanism, point out some factors that are not conducive to the current political practice of micro-blog, and preliminarily conceive the future pattern and development of this political form, that is, the remolding of the theory of micro-blog politics. In order to distinguish the purely rational study of "what should be what should be" in the past, the focus of this study lies in the "psychological behavior" level. The social path of Chinese micro-blog political practice is now "what it is actually like". In a word, it is to answer four questions: what happened? Why? How to happen? What is the future? This is the following five parts: introduction. As the opening of the full text, first, from research. To start with the background and significance, to clarify the purpose and value of the topic; two, to comb the current micro-blog research and to find the relevance of the research space and theory; three, to clarify the overall framework and logical logic of the research, and to point out the relevant research methods, the possible innovation and not enough. The second chapter, "the theoretical interpretation of the micro-blog phenomenon". First, from From the beginning of Twitter in the United States to the rise of micro-blog in China, it examines the context and trend of micro-blog's production and development; two is to describe the external features of micro-blog from "contradiction" and "Dialectics", and three, from "virtual" and "public", to discuss the intrinsic essence of micro-blog, and finally draw the political implication of micro-blog, that is to say, it is made in his work. For the core argument of the virtual public field. The third chapter: "micro-blog politics" and its theoretical explanation. On the basis of analyzing the feasibility and feasibility of micro-blog politics, one is to define the concept of micro-blog politics - it is the behavior of the dialogues that people use as the micro-blog in the virtual public domain. Two, the elements of micro-blog politics are determined - it gives the value direction of the subject activity from "sharing" to "negotiation" according to the evolution path of people (neck friends) - group (circle) and society, and forms a specific psychological link from "narcissism" to "unity", and finally establishes a policy from "power" to "order". The three is the logical restriction on the conditions of micro-blog politics. The micro-blog politics discussed in this article, because it takes place in the living world of ordinary people, is, in the final analysis, the realistic deduction of life politics, micropolitics and differential politics. The fourth chapter: the realistic mirror of micro-blog politics. This chapter describes the return of the theory from theory to reality. Based on the Sina micro-blog platform and taking the Sina influence list as the sample, 13 users were randomly selected to carry out a classification survey, and based on the list of topics and the list of events ranked by the Sina micro-blog data center in 2014.03.01 -2014.03.31 time period, the individual position and narrative research, the use of influence index, and psychological index were analyzed. The fifth chapter: the theoretical explanation of micro-blog politics. According to the analysis data of the fourth chapter, this chapter puts forward the three theoretical ideas of micro-blog Politics: first, the formation path of micro-blog politics is a crisscross of two maps. View: in the longitudinal dimension, following the evolution path from the individual to the society, the neck friends seek the power politics of "my territory and me", the circle hopes to obtain the "identity politics" with the realistic identity, while the society points to the "order politics" of public governance. In the horizontal time dimension, the micro-blog politics distinctly distinguishes it into There are no things in two states. The gossip and the quick aggregation of things in the absence of events together deduce the life political orientation and liberation political eruption in the micro-blog world. Second, the strength of the micro-blog politics shows the penetration of the power from the bottom to the top: the neck friends are not exhausted by participating in the politics, affecting the public events and supervising the public. Power proves that "civilians and Shakespeare" are running together, and everyone can act as a positive energy for journalists. Third, the value reshaping of micro-blog's politics is shown as a system of internal and external support. Because of the fragmented, instant, and other characteristics of micro-blog, and the migration of celebrities from real life to the world of the Internet, how is it plastic To create a more tolerant and free public sphere, to provide reassurance for the individuals and circles in which it is in it, and the security of the system is a problem that micro-blog must face in the value construction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669
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本文編號(hào)：1830855