本文選題：高校 + 大數(shù)據(jù)　； 參考：《武漢大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：當今世界,大數(shù)據(jù)正滲透到人類社會的方方面面,不僅改變?nèi)藗兊乃季S方式、工作方式和生活方式,改變社會的生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系,而且成為未來的"新石油"、"新金礦"、"新資源"和創(chuàng)新的"新引擎"。自2012年以來,美國、英國、法國、日本、韓國等發(fā)達國家陸續(xù)將大數(shù)據(jù)上升為國家戰(zhàn)略。經(jīng)過多年的醞釀,我國2015年召開的黨的十八屆五中全會,明確提出"實施國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略"。政府必須和企業(yè)、高校及科研機構(gòu)結(jié)盟,全民動員和廣泛參與,才能應(yīng)對"大數(shù)據(jù)"時代的挑戰(zhàn),高校必將是這次大數(shù)據(jù)浪潮的參與者和推動者。盡管我國教育大數(shù)據(jù)領(lǐng)域也存在"喬布斯之間"的困惑,但在研究高校大數(shù)據(jù)方面具有得天獨厚的條件,教育管理大數(shù)據(jù)研究和應(yīng)用的前景廣闊。管理也是生產(chǎn)力。從某種程度上講,管理比其它要素更重要。大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理,是高校教育管理發(fā)展的新階段。一切過去皆為序曲,通過大數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測規(guī)律,通過大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)價值,大數(shù)據(jù)使高校采用更加智慧的方式來激發(fā)和生產(chǎn)新的智慧。高校教育管理中的大數(shù)據(jù)與商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的大數(shù)據(jù)運用有著根本的區(qū)別:高校大數(shù)據(jù)以相關(guān)關(guān)系為切入,最終尋找特殊的相關(guān)關(guān)系——因果關(guān)系,知其然并"知其所以然"。利用大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等技術(shù),優(yōu)化辦學要素的結(jié)構(gòu)、提高管理水平,是高校提高辦學效益、促進高等教育管理由增量發(fā)展向質(zhì)量發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變的重要工具和基礎(chǔ)。目前,學術(shù)界在大數(shù)據(jù)與高校教育管理結(jié)合的系統(tǒng)研究成果不多,深度和廣度不夠,也缺乏具體的實證研究。本論文從科技哲學、管理學、教育學及社會學的視角,綜合分析高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理的價值和潛在的風險,在調(diào)研我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在問題的基礎(chǔ)上,探尋促進我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理創(chuàng)新的對策。本研究的主要內(nèi)容包括四個方面:一是對大數(shù)據(jù)進行系統(tǒng)深入研究以盡可能達到科學認識。分析大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生的科技背景、經(jīng)濟背景和文化背景,尤其深入分析了大數(shù)據(jù)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計算等信息技術(shù)發(fā)展及運用的關(guān)系,厘清大數(shù)據(jù)、信息化與智慧化之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。深度剖析了大數(shù)據(jù)的本質(zhì)特征。從大數(shù)據(jù)所引發(fā)的生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系改革、政治改革、思維變革、商業(yè)變革、教育變革和管理變革等方面,揭示大數(shù)據(jù)對人類思維、科技、經(jīng)濟、文化、學科發(fā)展及社會發(fā)展的巨大價值,同時對大數(shù)據(jù)潛在的思維風險、安全風險、技術(shù)風險及倫理道德風險等進行系統(tǒng)研究。二是系統(tǒng)研究大數(shù)據(jù)對我國高校教育管理發(fā)展的積極影響和消極影響。在分析高校教育管理現(xiàn)代化本質(zhì)特點的基礎(chǔ)上,指出我國傳統(tǒng)高校教育管理存在人文不足、形式單一、缺乏個性及反饋不足等弊端,這與現(xiàn)代化高校教育管理要求相悖。高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理具有個性化、及時性、科學性、差異性、互動性、整合性及權(quán)變性等特點,從而具備傳統(tǒng)高校教育管理無法比擬的優(yōu)勢。大數(shù)據(jù)將對我國高校的數(shù)據(jù)采集、管理決策、治理模式、教育教學、科研服務(wù)、評估評價等方面變革帶來機遇。同時,高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理面臨著隱私與自由平衡問題、數(shù)據(jù)霸權(quán)問題、數(shù)據(jù)垃圾問題、數(shù)據(jù)標準問題以及數(shù)據(jù)安全等諸多挑戰(zhàn),并產(chǎn)生諸多消極影響。三是研究我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題。高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理是信息化發(fā)展的新階段,運用專家訪談法及問卷調(diào)查法等研究方法進行調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn):經(jīng)過十多年的發(fā)展,我國高校教育管理信息化已經(jīng)取得一定的成績,如高校CIO制度已經(jīng)初步建立,財政投入逐步加大,教育管理成效初顯等。但是,我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理也存在著缺乏頂層設(shè)計、缺乏資金保障、數(shù)據(jù)人才缺乏、法律法規(guī)等支持體系不完善及共享機制缺失等問題。四是思考并提出促進我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理發(fā)展的對策。按照教育現(xiàn)代化的要求,圍繞智慧化、人性化教育管理的目標,針對我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理存在的問題,在借鑒美國等發(fā)達國家高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,提出促進我國高校大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理的對策。高校要樹立大數(shù)據(jù)教育管理理念,堅持以人為本、揚長避短、疏堵結(jié)合的原則,通過加強頂層設(shè)計,加強制度規(guī)約,構(gòu)建協(xié)同機制、分享機制和評價機制,打造數(shù)據(jù)師資等運維體系建設(shè),從而實現(xiàn)"規(guī)避風險、發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢"的大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展目標。
[Abstract]:In today's world, big data is permeating all aspects of human society, not only changing people's way of thinking, working ways and ways of life, changing social productivity and production relations, but also becoming "new oil", "new gold", "new resources" and "new engines" of innovation. Since 2012, the United States, Britain, France, Japan, South Korea and so on The developed countries have gradually raised the big data into the national strategy. After years of brewing, the party's the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in China, held in 2015, clearly proposed the "implementation of the national big data strategy". The government must be aligned with enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, mobilize the whole people and participate widely in order to meet the challenges of the "big data" era, and the universities will certainly be The participants and promoters of the big data wave, although there is a "Jobs" confusion in the field of big education data in China, have a unique condition in the study of large data in Colleges and universities. The prospect of large data research and application in education management is broad. Management is also productive. In a way, management is more important than other factors. Large data education management is a new stage in the development of education management in Colleges and universities. All the past is a prelude, through large data prediction laws, the discovery of value through large data, large data to enable universities to use a more intelligent way to stimulate and produce new wisdom. Large data in the management of higher education and large data in the business field are used. The fundamental difference: the big data of the university is based on the related relation, and finally seeks the special correlation relation - causality, knowing it and "knowing it". Using large data, cloud computing and the Internet of things technology to optimize the structure of the school running factors and improve the management level, it is the efficiency of higher education and the incremental development of higher education management. At present, there are not many research achievements in the academic circles, which combine large data with educational management in Colleges and universities, lack of depth and breadth, and lack concrete empirical research. This paper analyzes the value of large data education management in Colleges and universities from the perspective of science and technology, management, pedagogy and sociology. On the basis of investigating the current situation and existing problems of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China, this paper explores the countermeasures to promote the innovation of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China. The main contents of this study include four aspects: one is to make a systematic and in-depth study of large data in order to achieve scientific knowledge as far as possible. The technological background, economic background and cultural background, especially the relationship between large data and the development and application of information technology such as Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing, clarifies the difference and connection between large data, information and intelligence. The essence of large data is deeply analyzed. The reform of productivity and production relations caused by large data The great value of big data on human thinking, science, technology, economy, culture, discipline development and social development is revealed by political reform, thinking change, business change, education reform and management change. At the same time, systematic research on potential thinking risk, security risk, technical risk and ethical and moral hazard of large data is systematically studied. Two is systematic research. On the basis of the analysis of the essential characteristics of the modernization of education management in Colleges and universities, this paper points out that there are shortcomings in the traditional university education management in our country on the basis of the essential characteristics of the modernization of education management in our country, which is contrary to the requirements of modern higher education management. According to the characteristics of individualization, timeliness, scientificity, difference, interactivity, integration and right change, educational management has the advantages that the traditional university education management can't compare with. The big data will bring opportunities for the changes of data collection, management decision, management mode, education, education, scientific research service, evaluation and evaluation of universities in China. The large data education management in Colleges and universities is faced with the problem of privacy and freedom balance, the problem of data hegemony, data garbage problem, data standard and data security and many other challenges, and has many negative effects. Three is to study the current situation and existing problems in the development of large data Education Management in Colleges and universities in our country. The university data education management is the information. In the new stage of the development, the research methods, such as expert interview and questionnaire survey, have been used to find out that after more than 10 years of development, the information technology of university education management in our country has achieved certain achievements, such as the CIO system in Colleges and universities has been initially established, the financial input is gradually increased, and the effectiveness of education management has appeared. There are also some problems in education management, such as lack of top design, lack of capital guarantee, lack of data talents, imperfect support system of laws and regulations and lack of sharing mechanism. Four is to think and put forward countermeasures to promote the development of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the problems existing in the large data education management in Colleges and universities in China, on the basis of the experience of large data education management in Universities in developed countries such as the United States and other developed countries, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to promote the management of large data education in Colleges and universities in China. The top level design, the strengthening of the system regulation, the construction of the cooperative mechanism, the sharing mechanism and the evaluation mechanism, the construction of the operation and maintenance system of the data teachers, so as to achieve the big data development goal of "avoiding the risks and giving full play to the advantages".

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G647;TP311.13

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本文編號：1830099