本文選題：排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員 + 扣球動(dòng)作��； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究通過文獻(xiàn)研究法、測(cè)試法、專家訪談法和特爾斐法,力圖提煉與專項(xiàng)體能訓(xùn)練相關(guān)性高的測(cè)試動(dòng)作、測(cè)試指標(biāo)和診斷指標(biāo),構(gòu)建排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員扣球動(dòng)作弱環(huán)節(jié)的診斷體系。利用測(cè)力臺(tái)與運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行起跳動(dòng)作的診斷,利用美國(guó)Primus BTE診斷系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行鞭打動(dòng)作的診斷,描述測(cè)試動(dòng)作特征,明確診斷指標(biāo)特征和診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),尋找弱環(huán)節(jié)并驗(yàn)證動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練的有效性。研究結(jié)果如下:1.排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員扣球動(dòng)作弱環(huán)節(jié)診斷框架包括手臂鞭打、上體鞭打、全身鞭打、叉腰蹲跳、叉腰下蹲跳、擺臂下蹲跳、助跑起跳等七個(gè)測(cè)試動(dòng)作,峰值功率、沖量、峰值力、最大力量、力的加載率、關(guān)節(jié)力矩、擺臂幅度與速度等九個(gè)測(cè)試指標(biāo),手臂貢獻(xiàn)、軀干貢獻(xiàn)、下肢貢獻(xiàn)、彈性貢獻(xiàn)、擺臂貢獻(xiàn)、助跑貢獻(xiàn)等六個(gè)診斷指標(biāo),計(jì)算診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),通過動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練改善弱環(huán)節(jié)。2.動(dòng)作測(cè)試中,性別間比較,女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員起動(dòng)力量較好,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)膝、踝肌群反應(yīng)力量,提高手臂肌肉最大力量和肌肉維度。專位間比較,主攻力量最好,二傳/自由人起動(dòng)最快。彈跳表現(xiàn)間比較,彈跳高的運(yùn)動(dòng)員速度力量和最大力量水平更好。兩側(cè)肌力比較,起跳時(shí)左腿以髖、踝發(fā)力為主導(dǎo),右腿以髖、膝發(fā)力為主導(dǎo)。指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析,起跳高度與速度力量、爆發(fā)力、左側(cè)肌力關(guān)系密切,鞭打動(dòng)作測(cè)試指標(biāo)以功率、速度及其變化率為主。3.起跳動(dòng)作診斷指標(biāo)的彈性貢獻(xiàn)中,性別間比較,彈性貢獻(xiàn)與肌肉質(zhì)量關(guān)系不大,彈性貢獻(xiàn)大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員爆發(fā)力更好。提高爆發(fā)力和低強(qiáng)度反應(yīng)力量可改善彈性貢獻(xiàn)。擺臂貢獻(xiàn)中,性別間比較,擺臂幅度和擺臂貢獻(xiàn)有顯著差異。兩側(cè)肌力間比較,左側(cè)擺臂幅度和速度大,動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)改進(jìn)左臂上擺幅度。指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析,提高擺臂貢獻(xiàn)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)改進(jìn)擺臂幅度,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)擺臂動(dòng)作的速度力量和爆發(fā)力。助跑貢獻(xiàn)中,性別間比較,女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員伸膝、跖屈肌群發(fā)力更大,應(yīng)重視膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)的反應(yīng)力量。助跑貢獻(xiàn)大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員爆發(fā)力水平更高。指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析,助跑貢獻(xiàn)主要與爆發(fā)力相關(guān),提高助跑貢獻(xiàn),需要進(jìn)行爆發(fā)力和高強(qiáng)度反應(yīng)力量的動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練。4.鞭打動(dòng)作的診斷指標(biāo)中,男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員軀干旋轉(zhuǎn)和屈伸發(fā)力以及鞭打力量的傳遞效果好于女性。專項(xiàng)體能訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在動(dòng)作的功率訓(xùn)練上。男、女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員指標(biāo)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差較大,男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)分別診斷。5.明確診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)作弱環(huán)節(jié),通過相應(yīng)力量主題的動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練,可以改善扣球動(dòng)作的弱環(huán)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Through literature research method, test method, expert interview method and Delphi method, this study tries to refine the test movement, test index and diagnostic index which have high correlation with the special physical fitness training, and construct the diagnosis system of the weak link of the volleyball player's spiking action. Using the force table and motion capture system to diagnose the takeoff, and using the American Primus BTE diagnostic system to diagnose the whipping movement, describing the characteristics of the test motion, defining the diagnostic index characteristics and diagnostic criteria. Look for weak links and verify the effectiveness of action training. The results are as follows: 1. The diagnostic framework for weak links in spiking of volleyball players includes seven test actions, such as arm whipping, upper body whipping, whole body whipping, knuckleback squat jump, knuckledown jump, swing arm squat jump, run-up takeoff and other seven test actions, including peak power, impulse, peak force, etc. Maximum strength, loading rate of force, joint torque, swing arm amplitude and velocity, arm contribution, torso contribution, lower limb contribution, elastic contribution, swing arm contribution, run-up contribution, etc. Improve weak link. 2. In the action test, female athletes had better starting strength, so they should strengthen the reactive strength of knee and ankle muscles and improve the maximum strength and dimension of arm muscles. The main attack force is the best, and the second pass / Freeman starts fastest. The speed and maximum strength levels of the sprinting athletes were better than those of the sprinting performance. The left leg is dominated by hip and ankle, while the right leg is dominated by hip and knee. The correlation analysis showed that the take-off height was closely related to the strength of speed, explosive force and left muscle strength. The test index of whipping action was power, speed and its rate of change. In the elastic contribution of the diagnostic index of take-off movement, the elastic contribution was not related to muscle quality, but the explosive force of athletes with great elastic contribution was better. The elastic contribution can be improved by increasing the explosive force and the low strength reaction force. In the swing arm contribution, there are significant differences between the sex, swing arm amplitude and swing arm contribution. The amplitude and speed of the left arm swinging are large, and the training emphasis is to improve the swing amplitude of the left arm. According to the analysis of index correlation, the amplitude of swing arm should be improved, and the speed force and explosive force of swing arm action should be strengthened in order to improve the contribution of swinging arm. In the run-up contribution, the female athletes have greater strength in extending their knees and flexor metatarsus, and should pay more attention to the reactive power of the knee and ankle joints. Athletes who contribute a lot to the run-up have a higher level of explosive power. The index correlation analysis shows that the run-up contribution is mainly related to the explosive force. To improve the run-up contribution, the action training of explosive force and high intensity reaction force should be carried out. 4. Among the diagnostic indicators of whipping, male athletes' torso rotation, flexion and extension, and the transfer of whipping power are better than that of women. The emphasis of special physical training should be on the power training of movement. The standard deviation of male and female athletes is larger, male and female athletes should be diagnosed separately. The weak link of spiking can be improved by defining the diagnostic standard, finding out the weak link of the action and training the movement of the corresponding force theme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G842

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