本文選題：《資本論》 + 現(xiàn)實道路�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,在關(guān)于馬克思主義的研究當(dāng)中,越來越多的學(xué)者認為,馬克思主義所揭示的人類解放的現(xiàn)實道路,集中地體現(xiàn)在《資本論》。這樣的看法作為一種“結(jié)論”,同時也構(gòu)成了本論文的“立足點”或“基本觀點”。但是,作為“基本觀點”的這一“結(jié)論”,只是道出了作為“結(jié)果”的真相,它還不是“真理本身”。在到達結(jié)果之前,“內(nèi)容的自我展開過程”才是真理本身。圍繞著上述基本觀點,展開對《資本論》所揭示的人類解放的現(xiàn)實道路的尋求,亦即通過對現(xiàn)實道路的“出發(fā)點”、“主線”和“歸宿”進行追問,對商品的內(nèi)在矛盾、資本運動邏輯與人類解放邏輯的關(guān)系、《資本論》所開顯的共產(chǎn)主義等一系列重要問題進行解答,使人類解放的現(xiàn)實道路中那些豐富而具體的內(nèi)容自在自為地呈現(xiàn)出來,從而用必然性的論證合理地支持上述結(jié)論。這是本論文的根本目的所在。全文結(jié)構(gòu)如下:第一章,從總體上把握《資本論》與人類解放的現(xiàn)實道路的關(guān)系。之所以說《資本論》是理解馬克思所揭示的人類解放現(xiàn)實道路的根本路徑,是因為它通過對資本主義社會暨資本主義政治經(jīng)濟的批判、對資本主義社會意識形態(tài)暨資本主義政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)的批判,以及蘊含在這兩種批判之中在生存論意義上對人的存在方式及其命運的批判,實現(xiàn)了對解放的現(xiàn)實道路的揭示。由于馬克思的其他著作并沒有像這樣較為完整地批判資本主義,也就是沒有較為系統(tǒng)地對現(xiàn)實道路進行過揭示,所以唯有《資本論》,才是理解解放的現(xiàn)實道路的根本路徑。第二章,商品概念作為整部《資本論》的出發(fā)點或開端,構(gòu)成了解放的現(xiàn)實道路中第一個必然性的環(huán)節(jié)或環(huán)節(jié)的必然性。斯密和李嘉圖的勞動價值論對馬克思商品概念的最終形成產(chǎn)生過重要影響。通過對二者的揚棄,《資本論》不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了商品二因素及其所蘊含的勞動二重性,而且還通過商品的價值形式發(fā)現(xiàn)了資本主義經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中的拜物教形式。拜物教使個人受商品、貨幣和資本統(tǒng)治,反映出了人之間的關(guān)系被物之間的交換關(guān)系所掩蓋的社會現(xiàn)實,表征著人與人之間的不平等和非正義的社會關(guān)系,預(yù)示著資本主義社會中人們道德倫理的喪失。第三章,從資本運動邏輯到人類解放邏輯的運動是本論文的主體部分。在《資本論》中,馬克思對人類解放的現(xiàn)實道路的尋求,一方面是通過對以剩余價值的生產(chǎn)、實現(xiàn)、分配等為主要內(nèi)容的資本邏輯運動的揭示,去進一步探索和確證資本邏輯自我否定的本性和資本主義經(jīng)濟危機的根據(jù)。主要表現(xiàn)為由價值規(guī)律與剩余價值規(guī)律的潛在矛盾所導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟危機的可能性;由價值規(guī)律與剩余價值規(guī)律的綜合過程所導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟危機從可能性向現(xiàn)實性的轉(zhuǎn)變;由價值規(guī)律與剩余價值規(guī)律所導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟危機必然發(fā)生的歷史必然性;以及由金融資本主義所導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟危機。另一方面,《資本論》又通過這種揭示,使人進一步意識到自己的自由自覺本性和“自身解放的條件”,從而展開無產(chǎn)階級的階級斗爭。《資本論》不僅從現(xiàn)實中敘述了無產(chǎn)階級及其斗爭的歷史事實,而且還使無產(chǎn)階級范疇及其斗爭學(xué)說具有建構(gòu)性,這就為后來的西方馬克思主義者進行“革命主體的重新界定”留下了充分的理論空間和實踐空間。資本運動的內(nèi)涵邏輯與人類解放運動的內(nèi)涵邏輯的否定性統(tǒng)一關(guān)系指向了人類解放現(xiàn)實道路的主線。其中,資本主義經(jīng)濟關(guān)系及其所導(dǎo)致的生產(chǎn)過剩的經(jīng)濟危機,是無產(chǎn)階級在現(xiàn)實歷史中進行階級斗爭的基本物質(zhì)條件,而無產(chǎn)階級的階級斗爭又是資本主義經(jīng)濟關(guān)系自我否定和自我瓦解的政治形式;因而,人類解放邏輯必須是資本運動邏輯的內(nèi)在超越和自我否定的力量。第四章,《資本論》對共產(chǎn)主義進行了開顯。馬克思在《資本論》中對未來共產(chǎn)主義社會進行了預(yù)示和敘述,這些預(yù)示和敘述反映出,馬克思在探討共產(chǎn)主義時,其理論旨趣在于從“批判舊世界中發(fā)現(xiàn)新世界”�！顿Y本論》重點在于把共產(chǎn)主義理解為批判資本主義的共產(chǎn)主義運動。作為一項運動和“一個否定性的過程”的共產(chǎn)主義,它既是馬克思的一種“倫理理想”,又是他的“本體論承諾”,同時也是人類解放邏輯的最現(xiàn)實的實現(xiàn)過程。這三個方面共同構(gòu)筑了對科學(xué)共產(chǎn)主義的本質(zhì)性內(nèi)涵的理解。圍繞前面的基本觀點,本論文還力圖從展現(xiàn)馬克思科學(xué)邏輯(事實維度)的最重要理論著作《資本論》中,去重新挖掘其人本邏輯(價值維度)。只有在兩種理論視角的真正否定性統(tǒng)一關(guān)系之中,才有可能去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個完整的馬克思,而不是發(fā)現(xiàn)一個有所偏廢的馬克思。因此,從整體結(jié)構(gòu)上看,第一章到第四章的變化體現(xiàn)了從事實維度(科學(xué)邏輯)向價值維度(人本邏輯)轉(zhuǎn)化的過程;而深入到每一章的具體內(nèi)容中,也力圖體現(xiàn)出上述轉(zhuǎn)化原則。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the research on the Marx doctrine, more and more scholars believe that the realistic path of human liberation theory of Marx reveals, is mainly embodied in the "capital. Such views as a" conclusion ", but also constitutes the" foothold "or" basic point "but. As the basic point of view," the "conclusion", just as a "results" of the truth, it is not truth itself. "At the results before," self expansion process "is the truth itself. Around the basic point of view, seek the realistic road of human liberation < > to reveal the capital, which is through the" starting point "of the realistic Road," main line "and" home "for questioning, internal contradictions of the commodity and the relationship between capital and human liberation movement logic logic," Das Kapital " To answer a series of important problems which manifests the communism, the realistic path of human liberation in those rich and specific content and free manner, so as to properly support the above conclusion by demonstrating the necessity of. This is the fundamental purpose of this thesis. The thesis is structured as follows: the first chapter, to grasp the relationship < > capital and human liberation road reality on the whole. The reason that capital is the fundamental path of understanding < > the realistic path of human liberation Marx revealed, because it is based on the criticism of capitalist society and capitalist political economy, ideology critique to the capitalist society and capitalist political economy, as well as contained in the two a critique in existential sense of human existence and destiny of criticism, realized on the road to reveal the real liberation. Because of Marx's He does not like this book thoroughly criticize capitalism, is not systematically on the road to reveal the reality, so only the < > is the fundamental path of capital, to understand the real road of liberation. In the second chapter, the concept of goods as the "capital > the starting point or the beginning of a necessity the first real necessary link in the liberation of the road or link. Smith and Ricardo's labor theory of value of Marx in the final formation of commodity concept has had a significant impact. Through the sublation of the two," not only found the duality of labor capital > two factors of goods and it contains, but also through the form of commodity value the discovery of the capitalist economic relations in the form of fetishism. The individual commodity fetishism, currency and capital rule, reflects the relationship between people covered by the exchange relationship between The social reality, representing the human inequality and injustice of social relations, indicates that the loss of people's moral ethics in capitalist society. In the third chapter, from the capital logic to the logic of human liberation movement movement is the main part of this thesis. In "Das Kapital", Marx on the real road of human liberation seek, hand is through the realization to the production of surplus value, and reveals the logic of capital movement distribution as the main content, to further explore and confirm the capital logic of self denial and nature of the capitalist economic crisis. According to the possibility of resulting potential contradictions mainly shown by the law of value and surplus value rule of the economic crisis the change caused by the integrated process; the law of value and surplus value rule of the economic crisis from possibility to reality; the law of value and surplus value rule The historical inevitability caused by the economic crisis is inevitable; and modern economic crisis caused by financial capitalism. On the other hand, < > and capital through the reveal make people more aware of their own nature of freedom and consciousness "and the conditions for their own liberation", thus the proletarian class struggle. Not only from the capital. In reality the struggle of the proletariat and its historical facts, but also makes the proletarian struggle theory category and constructive, this was the western Marx doctrine of "new revolution subject" left sufficient space theory and practice space. The negative connotation of unity between the logic of capital movement logic and human connotation the main point to the liberation movement of the real road of human liberation. Among them, the capitalist economic relations and the overproduction of the The economic crisis is the basic material conditions of the proletarian class struggle in the reality of history, and the proletarian class struggle is the capitalist economic relations of self denial and self disintegration of political form; therefore, human liberation is inherent logic must go beyond the capital movement logic of self denial and power. In the fourth chapter, the capital of < >. Show of communism. Marx in "Das Kapital > of communism in the future were predicted and described, and that these narratives reflect, Marx in the discussion of communism, the theory purport is from" criticizing the old world "to find a new world. Focus on capital > he understood communism as communism criticism capitalism. As a sport and a" negative "communism, an" ethical ideal "it is Marx, and his "Ontological commitment", the implementation process is also the most realistic logic of human liberation. These three aspects together to build the scientific communism of the nature of the understanding of basic ideas. Around the front, this paper also tries to show Marx the scientific logic (fact dimension) is the most important theory works < > in Das Kapital to this person, mining logic (value dimension). Only in two from the perspective of true negative unity relations, it is possible to find a complete Marx, rather than find a somewhat neglected Marx. Therefore, from the overall structure, the change of the first chapter to the fourth chapter reflects the from the fact dimension (scientific logic) to the value dimension (the logic) conversion process; and further to the specific content of each chapter, it tries to reflect the transformation principle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：A811
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本文編號：1749564