本文選題：優(yōu)秀射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員　切入點(diǎn)：負(fù)荷狀態(tài)　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究在備戰(zhàn)里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)射箭項(xiàng)目科技服務(wù)項(xiàng)目研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)2013-2016年度國(guó)家射箭集訓(xùn)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)與中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)跟蹤測(cè)試與分析,同時(shí)對(duì)參加2008年和2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)、2010年和2014年亞運(yùn)會(huì)以及2011年世錦賽的頂級(jí)射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)與中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括：(1)優(yōu)秀射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員在三種類型的負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下其中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)參數(shù)與腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)的變化特點(diǎn)。(2)國(guó)家射箭隊(duì)頂級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加重大比賽前大腦中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)參數(shù)與腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)的變化特點(diǎn)。(3)團(tuán)體項(xiàng)目中不同發(fā)射位置運(yùn)動(dòng)員全腦中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)分布特點(diǎn)。(4)腦波誘導(dǎo)干預(yù)訓(xùn)練對(duì)優(yōu)秀射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員在大負(fù)荷量訓(xùn)練后的腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)和中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)參數(shù)產(chǎn)生的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)在射箭訓(xùn)練中,負(fù)荷量的增加并不能夠提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員中樞神經(jīng)的興奮性和訓(xùn)練效益,因此負(fù)荷量安排應(yīng)在合理的區(qū)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行波動(dòng)式的設(shè)置。同時(shí),射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員LL-HLI階段與LL-LLI訓(xùn)練階段額區(qū)β頻段功率值有顯著差異,快速放電的強(qiáng)度增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致能量消耗加大,其中樞神經(jīng)雖然興奮性得到提高,卻更容易出現(xiàn)疲勞。(2)在HL-LLI階段,一方面,作為人體的內(nèi)源性活性物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員腦內(nèi)5羥色氨(5-HT)水平呈顯著上升趨勢(shì)；另一方面,在這一階段腦內(nèi)多巴胺(DA)水平則較LL-LLI階段有所下降。(3)不論是HL-LLI訓(xùn)練階段,還是LL-HLI階段運(yùn)動(dòng)員腦電復(fù)雜度均出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),雖然兩階段之間的差異并不顯著,但均顯著低于LL-LLI階段。(4)通過上述的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,中國(guó)國(guó)家射箭隊(duì)所參加的三類重要的國(guó)際賽事之間,運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽前腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)與中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)水平具有一定的特殊性。在賽前30天內(nèi),進(jìn)行的中樞機(jī)能評(píng)估能夠有效地發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃中負(fù)荷量與強(qiáng)度的適應(yīng)程度,并做出及時(shí)調(diào)整。同時(shí)由于中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)水平能夠在一定程度上反映運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽前心理狀態(tài),因此可以將此參數(shù)作為賽前心理狀態(tài)的量化評(píng)估參考數(shù)據(jù),針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)員的賽前心理調(diào)節(jié)。(5)由于能夠參加大型賽事的被試運(yùn)動(dòng)員數(shù)量有限,目前的數(shù)據(jù)分析無法對(duì)有些變化趨勢(shì)做出具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的顯著性分析,但參考以往的研究仍可發(fā)現(xiàn)腦電復(fù)雜度參數(shù)、中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)水平會(huì)隨著大賽的臨近與運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽前中樞機(jī)能狀態(tài)及心理狀態(tài)之間存在著一定相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)于分析和監(jiān)測(cè)射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽前競(jìng)技狀態(tài)是一種非常有效的方法,對(duì)優(yōu)秀射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員的參加大型比賽賽前訓(xùn)練調(diào)控具有重要意義。因此可作為國(guó)家射箭隊(duì)日常訓(xùn)練及備戰(zhàn)大型重要國(guó)際賽事的賽前準(zhǔn)備程序中的重要一環(huán)。(6)首箭位置、二箭位置與末箭位置具有不同的比賽特點(diǎn),其全腦中樞神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的分布也具有各自特點(diǎn)。首箭、末箭位置運(yùn)動(dòng)員興奮水平明顯高于二箭位置運(yùn)動(dòng)員。在選擇三個(gè)位置運(yùn)動(dòng)員過程中要充分考慮運(yùn)動(dòng)員中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)機(jī)能特點(diǎn)。(7)經(jīng)過30天的腦波誘導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練后,運(yùn)動(dòng)員大腦的放松程度有了顯著的提高,使運(yùn)動(dòng)員機(jī)體處于一種良好的協(xié)調(diào)狀態(tài)；通過腦內(nèi)乙酰膽堿和NE的釋放,有利于運(yùn)動(dòng)員大腦血管的舒張,促進(jìn)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)代謝水平,從而使射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能得到改善,同時(shí)消除緊張情緒和疲勞狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of preparing for the Rio Olympics research project of science and technology services of archery, the 2013-2016 annual national archery athletes EEG test and analysis system for tracking complex parameters and central neurotransmitter parameters, at the same time to participate in the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, 2010 and 2014 Asian Games and top archery world Championship in 2011 the athletes EEG complexity parameters and neurotransmitters parameters are analyzed. The main research contents include: (1) elite archery athletes in the three types of load under the condition of the central nervous variation characteristics of quality parameters and EEG complexity parameters. (2) National Archery before brain neurotransmitters and brain electrical parameters the complexity of the parameter variation characteristics of team top athletes to participate in major competitions. (3) the group project in athletes of different launch position of whole brain neurotransmitters into bout . (4) brainwave intervention training of elite archery athletes in the brain after big load training complex impact parameters and central neurotransmitter parameters. Study found that: (1) in archery training, increase the load can not improve the athlete nervous excitability and training efficiency, therefore the load the amount of arrangements should be fluctuated within a reasonable range of settings. At the same time, LL-HLI and LL-LLI stages of archery athletes training stage frontal beta band power significantly increased, rapid discharge intensity will lead to increased energy consumption, although the central nerve excitability increases, more prone to fatigue (2) in HL-LLI. Stage, on the one hand, as endogenous active substances the body of athletes in the brain of 5 hydroxy tryptophan (5-HT) level was significantly increased; on the other hand, at this stage of brain dopamine (DA) level was LL-LLI Stage of decline. (3) whether it is HL-LLI or LL-HLI phase of athletes training stage, EEG complexity was decreased, while the differences between the two stages is not significant, but were significantly lower than that of LL-LLI. (4) through the above experimental study shows that China National Archery three major international tournaments in the team among the athletes, EEG complexity parameters and central neurotransmitters have certain particularity. In the first 30 days, the central function of assessment can effectively find the athletes adapt to and strong load training degree, and make timely adjustments. At the same time as the central neurotransmitter level can reflect the psychological the state of athletes in a certain extent, it can be this parameter as a quantitative assessment of the psychological state of the reference data, adjusting for athletes before (Psychology. 5) due to the subjects in sports events limited number, analysis of the current data to make analysis was statistically significant for some changes, but with reference to previous studies can be found in EEG complexity parameters, the central neurotransmitter level with a certain relation between the approach and the athletes before competition the central function and psychological state, is a very effective method for the analysis and monitoring of archery athletes athletic state, the elite archery athletes to participate in the big game is important before the training regulation. So it can be used as the national archery team daily training and preparing for the major international events in the pre preparation program (an important part. 6) the first arrow position, two position and end position with the arrow arrow matches the different features of the distribution of brain neurotransmitters also are different Since the first arrow. At the end of the arrow, excited level position athletes was higher than the two arrow position player. In the choice of the position of the three athletes in the process of athletes to fully consider the characteristics of the central nervous system function. (7) after 30 days of brainwave training, relaxation degree athletes have improved significantly, the athletes in the body a good coordination state; through brain acetylcholine and NE release, diastolic blood vessels in the brain to athletes, promote the level of material metabolism in the central nervous system, so that the function of the central nervous system archery athletes are improved, and the elimination of tension and fatigue.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G887

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