本文選題：大學　切入點：科研　出處：《武漢大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：大學是知識和技術生產和傳播者,是科技創(chuàng)新的重要源泉,在國家創(chuàng)新能力建設中發(fā)揮獨特的科技引領性作用。開展世界大學科研創(chuàng)新力評價,從比較中找出中國大學和世界知名大學創(chuàng)新力的差距,提出提升中國大學創(chuàng)新力的策略,藉以提高中國的綜合國力,有利于完善我國創(chuàng)新體系建設和提高我國創(chuàng)新能力,為我國一流大學建設樹立風向標,推動我國高等教育綜合改革。創(chuàng)新是指人們能動地進行的產生一定價值成果的首創(chuàng)性活動。創(chuàng)新力亦即創(chuàng)新能力,是指人們能動地進行的產生一定價值成果的首創(chuàng)性活動的能力。大學科研創(chuàng)新力,是指大學在科研活動中能有效利用和優(yōu)化配置各種創(chuàng)新資源,通過知識創(chuàng)新、技術創(chuàng)新、成果轉化創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新等各種創(chuàng)新活動,產出高水平科研創(chuàng)新成果能力。本研究所指中國大學是指狹義的中國大陸的大學,未包含港、澳、臺三地的大學,不帶任何政治色彩和傾向。本研究認為,大學創(chuàng)新力由創(chuàng)新產出數量和創(chuàng)新產出質量兩個維度構成。模型緯度的設置是基于兩個方面的考慮,一是數據的易獲取性,評價主要數據來自基本科技指標和德溫特專利數據庫,數據權威,更新快；二是便于國際比較。采用專家咨詢法和層析分析法,確定了大學科研創(chuàng)新力評價模型和指標權重。原始數據采用標準分轉化并用T分數校正,再用最大值歸一法進行百分制處理。利用SPSS20軟件算出單項、維度及總分得分,得出排名結果。結果表明,我國大學產出發(fā)明專利數得分及創(chuàng)新數量得分高于均值外,其他單項、緯度及總分均低于均值。差距表現在,中國大學雖然是論文生產大國之一,但是在世界頂級刊物上發(fā)表文章偏少,或者說原創(chuàng)性成果偏少；在ESI檢索中的文章,熱門論文數、高被引論文數總量較多,但校均數量指標排名靠后,和知名大學有較大差距；與國外大學相比,代表技術創(chuàng)新能力的發(fā)明專利占比不夠高；中國大學學科創(chuàng)新力總體偏弱,極少數學科力量較強,但部分學科還需填補空白。究其原因,主要有,中國大學乃至中國缺少在國際上某個學術領域領軍擔綱的人物；大學理念缺失；大學制度缺失；高等學�？萍冀涃M有了較快增長,但政府投入占比過大,企事業(yè)單位委托經費占比不升反降,不利于高校和企業(yè)協同創(chuàng)新。要提升大學科研創(chuàng)新力,可從以下幾個方面著手,政府高度重視,營造良好的促進大學創(chuàng)新的制度和政策環(huán)境；培育創(chuàng)新文化,營造良好的科技創(chuàng)新氛圍；深化科研體制改革,推進國家創(chuàng)新體系及大學創(chuàng)新體系建設；加強基礎理論研究,有效進行原始性創(chuàng)新；從政府主導向政府、企業(yè)“雙主導”、產學合作創(chuàng)新轉移；促進大學科研成果有效轉化；通過制度創(chuàng)新來提升大學創(chuàng)新力。
[Abstract]:Universities are the producers and disseminators of knowledge and technology, the important source of scientific and technological innovation, and play a unique leading role in the construction of national innovation capacity.In order to improve the comprehensive national strength of China, we should carry out the evaluation of the innovation ability of the world universities, find out the gap between the innovation ability of the Chinese universities and the famous universities in the world, and put forward the strategies to enhance the innovation ability of the universities in China.It is propitious to perfect the construction of our country's innovation system and improve our country's innovation ability, set up the vane for the construction of the first-class university in our country, and promote the comprehensive reform of our country's higher education.Innovation refers to the initiative that people carry out to produce certain value results.Innovation, that is, innovation ability, refers to the initiative of people to produce certain value results.The innovation ability of university scientific research means that the university can effectively utilize and optimize the allocation of all kinds of innovative resources in scientific research activities, and through knowledge innovation, technological innovation, achievements transformation innovation, management innovation and other innovative activities,Ability to produce high level scientific research and innovation achievements.The Chinese universities in this study refer to mainland Chinese universities in narrow sense, which do not contain Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan universities without any political color and tendency.This study holds that the innovation ability of university consists of two dimensions: the quantity of innovation output and the quality of innovation output.The latitude of the model is based on two considerations, one is the accessibility of the data, the evaluation of the main data from the basic scientific and technological indicators and Derwent patent database, data authority, fast update, the other is to facilitate international comparison.The evaluation model and index weight of university scientific research innovation ability were determined by expert consultation and chromatography analysis.The original data is converted by standard division and corrected by T fraction, and then processed by the maximum value normalization method.Using SPSS20 software to calculate the single item, dimension and total score, get the ranking results.The results show that the scores of the number of patents and the number of innovations of university output in China are higher than the average, and the other items, latitude and total score are lower than the average.However, the index of average number of universities is lower than that of famous universities; compared with foreign universities, the proportion of invention patents representing the ability of technological innovation is not high enough; the ability of discipline innovation of Chinese universities is generally weak, and the strength of a few disciplines is relatively strong.But some disciplines still need to fill the gap.The main reasons for this are that Chinese universities and even China are short of leading figures in an international academic field; lack of university ideas; lack of university system; and the rapid growth of science and technology funds in colleges and universities, but the proportion of government investment is too large.Enterprises and institutions entrust funds not rise but decline, which is not conducive to collaborative innovation between universities and enterprises.In order to enhance the scientific research innovation ability of universities, we can start from the following aspects: the government should attach great importance to it, create a good system and policy environment for promoting university innovation, foster innovation culture, create a good atmosphere for scientific and technological innovation, and deepen the reform of scientific research system.To promote the construction of national innovation system and university innovation system; to strengthen the basic theoretical research and carry on the original innovation effectively; to transfer from the government leading to the government, the enterprise "double leading", the production and learning cooperation innovation; to promote the university scientific research achievement to transform effectively;To improve university innovation through institutional innovation.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G644
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本文編號：1696114