本文選題：大學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：科研　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)是知識(shí)和技術(shù)生產(chǎn)和傳播者,是科技創(chuàng)新的重要源泉,在國家創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)中發(fā)揮獨(dú)特的科技引領(lǐng)性作用。開展世界大學(xué)科研創(chuàng)新力評(píng)價(jià),從比較中找出中國大學(xué)和世界知名大學(xué)創(chuàng)新力的差距,提出提升中國大學(xué)創(chuàng)新力的策略,藉以提高中國的綜合國力,有利于完善我國創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)和提高我國創(chuàng)新能力,為我國一流大學(xué)建設(shè)樹立風(fēng)向標(biāo),推動(dòng)我國高等教育綜合改革。創(chuàng)新是指人們能動(dòng)地進(jìn)行的產(chǎn)生一定價(jià)值成果的首創(chuàng)性活動(dòng)。創(chuàng)新力亦即創(chuàng)新能力,是指人們能動(dòng)地進(jìn)行的產(chǎn)生一定價(jià)值成果的首創(chuàng)性活動(dòng)的能力。大學(xué)科研創(chuàng)新力,是指大學(xué)在科研活動(dòng)中能有效利用和優(yōu)化配置各種創(chuàng)新資源,通過知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、成果轉(zhuǎn)化創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新等各種創(chuàng)新活動(dòng),產(chǎn)出高水平科研創(chuàng)新成果能力。本研究所指中國大學(xué)是指狹義的中國大陸的大學(xué),未包含港、澳、臺(tái)三地的大學(xué),不帶任何政治色彩和傾向。本研究認(rèn)為,大學(xué)創(chuàng)新力由創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出數(shù)量和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量兩個(gè)維度構(gòu)成。模型緯度的設(shè)置是基于兩個(gè)方面的考慮,一是數(shù)據(jù)的易獲取性,評(píng)價(jià)主要數(shù)據(jù)來自基本科技指標(biāo)和德溫特專利數(shù)據(jù)庫,數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)威,更新快；二是便于國際比較。采用專家咨詢法和層析分析法,確定了大學(xué)科研創(chuàng)新力評(píng)價(jià)模型和指標(biāo)權(quán)重。原始數(shù)據(jù)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分轉(zhuǎn)化并用T分?jǐn)?shù)校正,再用最大值歸一法進(jìn)行百分制處理。利用SPSS20軟件算出單項(xiàng)、維度及總分得分,得出排名結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,我國大學(xué)產(chǎn)出發(fā)明專利數(shù)得分及創(chuàng)新數(shù)量得分高于均值外,其他單項(xiàng)、緯度及總分均低于均值。差距表現(xiàn)在,中國大學(xué)雖然是論文生產(chǎn)大國之一,但是在世界頂級(jí)刊物上發(fā)表文章偏少,或者說原創(chuàng)性成果偏少；在ESI檢索中的文章,熱門論文數(shù)、高被引論文數(shù)總量較多,但校均數(shù)量指標(biāo)排名靠后,和知名大學(xué)有較大差距；與國外大學(xué)相比,代表技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力的發(fā)明專利占比不夠高；中國大學(xué)學(xué)科創(chuàng)新力總體偏弱,極少數(shù)學(xué)科力量較強(qiáng),但部分學(xué)科還需填補(bǔ)空白。究其原因,主要有,中國大學(xué)乃至中國缺少在國際上某個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)軍擔(dān)綱的人物；大學(xué)理念缺失；大學(xué)制度缺失；高等學(xué)�？萍冀�(jīng)費(fèi)有了較快增長,但政府投入占比過大,企事業(yè)單位委托經(jīng)費(fèi)占比不升反降,不利于高校和企業(yè)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。要提升大學(xué)科研創(chuàng)新力,可從以下幾個(gè)方面著手,政府高度重視,營造良好的促進(jìn)大學(xué)創(chuàng)新的制度和政策環(huán)境；培育創(chuàng)新文化,營造良好的科技創(chuàng)新氛圍；深化科研體制改革,推進(jìn)國家創(chuàng)新體系及大學(xué)創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)；加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)理論研究,有效進(jìn)行原始性創(chuàng)新；從政府主導(dǎo)向政府、企業(yè)“雙主導(dǎo)”、產(chǎn)學(xué)合作創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)移；促進(jìn)大學(xué)科研成果有效轉(zhuǎn)化；通過制度創(chuàng)新來提升大學(xué)創(chuàng)新力。
[Abstract]:Universities are the producers and disseminators of knowledge and technology, the important source of scientific and technological innovation, and play a unique leading role in the construction of national innovation capacity.In order to improve the comprehensive national strength of China, we should carry out the evaluation of the innovation ability of the world universities, find out the gap between the innovation ability of the Chinese universities and the famous universities in the world, and put forward the strategies to enhance the innovation ability of the universities in China.It is propitious to perfect the construction of our country's innovation system and improve our country's innovation ability, set up the vane for the construction of the first-class university in our country, and promote the comprehensive reform of our country's higher education.Innovation refers to the initiative that people carry out to produce certain value results.Innovation, that is, innovation ability, refers to the initiative of people to produce certain value results.The innovation ability of university scientific research means that the university can effectively utilize and optimize the allocation of all kinds of innovative resources in scientific research activities, and through knowledge innovation, technological innovation, achievements transformation innovation, management innovation and other innovative activities,Ability to produce high level scientific research and innovation achievements.The Chinese universities in this study refer to mainland Chinese universities in narrow sense, which do not contain Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan universities without any political color and tendency.This study holds that the innovation ability of university consists of two dimensions: the quantity of innovation output and the quality of innovation output.The latitude of the model is based on two considerations, one is the accessibility of the data, the evaluation of the main data from the basic scientific and technological indicators and Derwent patent database, data authority, fast update, the other is to facilitate international comparison.The evaluation model and index weight of university scientific research innovation ability were determined by expert consultation and chromatography analysis.The original data is converted by standard division and corrected by T fraction, and then processed by the maximum value normalization method.Using SPSS20 software to calculate the single item, dimension and total score, get the ranking results.The results show that the scores of the number of patents and the number of innovations of university output in China are higher than the average, and the other items, latitude and total score are lower than the average.However, the index of average number of universities is lower than that of famous universities; compared with foreign universities, the proportion of invention patents representing the ability of technological innovation is not high enough; the ability of discipline innovation of Chinese universities is generally weak, and the strength of a few disciplines is relatively strong.But some disciplines still need to fill the gap.The main reasons for this are that Chinese universities and even China are short of leading figures in an international academic field; lack of university ideas; lack of university system; and the rapid growth of science and technology funds in colleges and universities, but the proportion of government investment is too large.Enterprises and institutions entrust funds not rise but decline, which is not conducive to collaborative innovation between universities and enterprises.In order to enhance the scientific research innovation ability of universities, we can start from the following aspects: the government should attach great importance to it, create a good system and policy environment for promoting university innovation, foster innovation culture, create a good atmosphere for scientific and technological innovation, and deepen the reform of scientific research system.To promote the construction of national innovation system and university innovation system; to strengthen the basic theoretical research and carry on the original innovation effectively; to transfer from the government leading to the government, the enterprise "double leading", the production and learning cooperation innovation; to promote the university scientific research achievement to transform effectively;To improve university innovation through institutional innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G644
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本文編號(hào)：1696114