本文選題：老齡化　切入點(diǎn)：行為模式　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)人口老齡發(fā)展嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)是對(duì)政府和社會(huì)的挑戰(zhàn),我國(guó)老齡化具有未富先老、老年人口規(guī)模大、空巢老人和長(zhǎng)壽老年人人口數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)速度較快、老齡化發(fā)展速度過(guò)快的特征。居住環(huán)境是人類生存與發(fā)展的最根本條件,而老年人對(duì)居住環(huán)境更加依賴,老年人的身心情感狀況、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、養(yǎng)老和行為模式以及所在城市的發(fā)展水平都對(duì)老年人的居住環(huán)境產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)意義的影響和密切的聯(lián)系。建構(gòu)適宜老年人的居住環(huán)境,是未來(lái)我國(guó)城市建設(shè)發(fā)展需要解決的重要難題。論文綜合了社會(huì)、人口、生理、心理、行為、建筑、規(guī)劃等多方面的知識(shí),依托老年社會(huì)學(xué)研究老年人的身體和心理以及行為模式,與建構(gòu)居住環(huán)境內(nèi)容相結(jié)合,具有推動(dòng)老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。論文首先著眼于較早跨入老齡化社會(huì)的日本和西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,分別從早期老齡化、較早老齡化、較晚老齡化、低程度老齡化對(duì)這些國(guó)家進(jìn)行發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的梳理。通過(guò)整理日本、美國(guó)和瑞典的老年福利保障與居住建筑發(fā)展,總結(jié)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的老年居住形式基本包括退休住宅、老年人專用住宅、老年人集合住宅、護(hù)理之家、服務(wù)型住宅、退休之家、持續(xù)照料社區(qū)、老年護(hù)理之家?guī)追N主要形式。而由于我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響,退休社區(qū)和老年獨(dú)立住宅等依托于社區(qū)以為老年人提供照料服務(wù)是較符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的居住形式。之后對(duì)老年人的身體和心理特征進(jìn)行分析,將老年人按不同年齡階段、不同居住方式、不同受教育程度、不同身體狀況這四個(gè)要素分為:輕老年人、中年老年人和長(zhǎng)壽老年人;空巢老年人(與配偶),獨(dú)居老年人,與已婚子女和孫輩同住的老年人;受教育程度較低的老年人、受教育程度一般的老年人和受教育程度較高的老年人;活力老年人(健康的),有障礙但能自理的老年人,有障礙需要護(hù)理的老年人(在本研究中不涉及失能老年人)。結(jié)合我國(guó)老齡化發(fā)展的社會(huì)背景,分析老年人的就醫(yī)、休閑、起居和購(gòu)物的行為模式,結(jié)合調(diào)查結(jié)果闡述不同類型老年人對(duì)健康保障環(huán)境、無(wú)障礙安全環(huán)境、智慧環(huán)境和購(gòu)物環(huán)境的需求最高。最后通過(guò)以老年人行為模式、社會(huì)因素架構(gòu)與居住環(huán)境建構(gòu)三者之間的邏輯關(guān)系和相互作用為概念框架。從定性和定量的不同方法分析不同類型老年人的不同行為模式對(duì)健康保障環(huán)境、無(wú)障礙安全環(huán)境、社區(qū)智慧環(huán)境和購(gòu)物圈層四種環(huán)境建構(gòu)的影響,以及社會(huì)客觀因素對(duì)建構(gòu)環(huán)境的推動(dòng)或者制約作用,獲得最終建構(gòu)適老化居住環(huán)境的策略。
[Abstract]:The austere situation of aging in our country is a challenge to the government and the society. The aging of our country has the characteristics of aging before wealth, large size of the elderly population, rapid growth rate of the number of the empty nest elderly and the long-lived elderly population. The living environment is the most basic condition for human survival and development, and the elderly are more dependent on the living environment, their physical, mental and emotional conditions, family structure, The pension and behavior patterns and the level of development of the city have a profound impact on the living environment of the elderly and have a close relationship, so as to construct a suitable living environment for the elderly. It is an important problem that needs to be solved in the future urban construction and development of our country. The thesis synthesizes the knowledge of society, population, physiology, psychology, behavior, architecture, planning and so on. Relying on the sociology of the elderly to study the physical, psychological and behavioral patterns of the elderly, and combining with the construction of the content of the living environment, Firstly, the thesis focuses on Japan and the western developed countries, which have stepped into the aging society earlier, from the early aging, the early aging, the late aging, the early aging, the early aging, the late aging, the early aging, the early aging and the later aging, respectively. By sorting out the welfare security and residential construction development of the elderly in Japan, the United States and Sweden, the paper concludes that the old age housing forms in developed countries basically include retirement housing. The main forms of special residence for the elderly, collective residence for the elderly, nursing home, service house, retirement home, continuous care community, nursing home for the elderly, and because of the influence of the traditional concept of our country, Retirement communities and independent houses for the elderly, which depend on the community to provide care services for the elderly, are more suitable for the living form of the Chinese national conditions. After that, the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly are analyzed, and the elderly are divided into different age groups. The four factors of different living style, different education level and different physical condition are as follows: light elderly, middle-aged and long-lived elderly, empty nest elderly (living alone with spouse, living with married children and grandchildren); Older persons with a lower level of education, those with average levels of education and those with a higher level of education; older persons who are energetic (healthy, disabled but self-reliant), In this study, the elderly with disabilities were not involved in the study. According to the social background of aging development in China, the behavior patterns of seeking medical treatment, leisure, living and shopping were analyzed. Combined with the results of the survey, it is expounded that different types of elderly people have the highest demand for the health protection environment, the barrier-free safe environment, the intelligent environment and the shopping environment. The logical relationship and interaction between the social factor structure and the construction of the living environment are the conceptual framework. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different behavior patterns of different types of the elderly on the health protection environment, barrier-free safe environment, from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different types of elderly people, The influence of four kinds of environment construction of community intelligence environment and shopping circle as well as the influence of social objective factors on the construction of environment and the strategies of constructing suitable aging living environment were obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6
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本文編號(hào)：1679073