本文選題：高校　切入點：農(nóng)村　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：“三農(nóng)”問題制約著經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定,是全社會關(guān)注的焦點和熱點問題。農(nóng)村建設(shè)和發(fā)展涉及到農(nóng)村人才、科學(xué)技術(shù)、社會服務(wù)等方面的深化改革,其中人才是知識的載體,科學(xué)技術(shù)是現(xiàn)有知識的綜合和創(chuàng)造,社會服務(wù)涉及知識的流動和吸收等,故“知識”是農(nóng)村建設(shè)和發(fā)展的核心要素。高校作為知識的生產(chǎn)者和創(chuàng)新者,服務(wù)于農(nóng)村建設(shè)和發(fā)展是時代賦予的光榮使命,也是社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)對高校提出的新要求。然而,由于知識屬性、吸收能力、接受意愿、制度環(huán)境等多方面制約,高校對農(nóng)村的知識溢出一方面既存在高校的知識供給與農(nóng)村地區(qū)的知識需求的匹配問題,另一面也存在溢出障礙而導(dǎo)致的溢出過程和途徑不暢等問題。這些問題的有效解決事關(guān)農(nóng)村建設(shè)和發(fā)展的進程。鑒于此,本文針對高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的獨特性和復(fù)雜性,綜合運用文獻分析、結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談、結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型、基于多Agent建模的計算實驗等方法,從靜態(tài)和動態(tài)方面探究高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的機理,揭示高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出績效的影響因素及其作用機理和動態(tài)演化規(guī)律,提出促進高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的政策建議。具體研究工作如下:(1)基于知識溢出理論、人力資本理論和三螺旋理論構(gòu)建了高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的三螺旋模型,運用詳實的圖表數(shù)據(jù)從主體視角說明高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的獨特性和復(fù)雜性,對知識溢出的形成過程進行了深入分析,并結(jié)合高校職能闡述了高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的傳導(dǎo)機制。(2)通過對樣本地區(qū)農(nóng)村組織(如農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、家庭農(nóng)場、專業(yè)大戶、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)、基層政府等)的深度訪談,對獲得的150余份訪談錄音材料進行分析與編碼,聚焦編碼得到了知識源、接受方、溢出途徑、關(guān)聯(lián)情境和溢出績效五個類屬,采用軸心編碼得到了各個類屬的亞類屬。在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的概念模型。并針對概念模型中溢出績效的影響因素,結(jié)合文獻分析提出了相關(guān)假設(shè)。(3)在文獻分析基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出路徑,就概念模型中的知識源、接受方、關(guān)聯(lián)情境和溢出績效等變量的測量題項進行了設(shè)計;通過預(yù)調(diào)研及信度和效度分析對初始問卷進行了完善;采用正式調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)檢驗了相關(guān)因素對溢出績效的影響。(4)從高校與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織微觀交互的視角出發(fā),運用計算實驗方法,模擬了高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的動態(tài)過程,分析了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織在不同情境下的行為演化規(guī)律。(5)綜合理論分析、實證研究及計算實驗研究結(jié)果,從知識源、知識接受方、溢出環(huán)境等層面提出了提升高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出績效的具體策略。通過以上工作,得到的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的形成源于高校的職能和知識外部性,高校作為新技術(shù)、新知識的創(chuàng)造者,具有豐富的知識存量,在高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出的過程中處于主導(dǎo)地位,但其知識溢出績效不僅受知識源因素(如知識屬性、高校創(chuàng)新能力、溢出意愿和高校制度環(huán)境等)的影響,還受農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織、農(nóng)村行政組織的吸收能力以及關(guān)聯(lián)情境等因素的影響。(2)高校對農(nóng)村知識溢出過程有五個關(guān)鍵因素:第一,知識源的創(chuàng)新能力、溢出意愿以及知識屬性本身影響知識溢出效果;第二,接受方的接受意愿、吸收能力、合作經(jīng)驗、合作預(yù)期是關(guān)鍵變量;第三,產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作、人才培養(yǎng)、管理咨詢、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)是高校對農(nóng)村溢出的主要途徑;第四,關(guān)聯(lián)情境包括信任、距離、契約完備程度、政策環(huán)境等要素;第五,溢出績效包含立竿見影的有形績效和潛移默化的無形績效兩方面。(3)知識溢出績效的影響因素中,知識源的“創(chuàng)新能力”和“溢出意愿”對“有形績效”和“潛在績效”有顯著正向影響;關(guān)聯(lián)情境中的“工作導(dǎo)向信任”和“政策環(huán)境”對“有形績效”和“潛在績效”有顯著正向影響,而“知識距離”和“文化距離”對“有形績效”和“潛在績效”均有顯著負(fù)向影響;接受方的“吸收能力”、“合作預(yù)期”、“合作經(jīng)驗”、“接受意愿”對溢出績效有積極的促進作用。(4)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織的知識吸收能力和風(fēng)險偏好在知識溢出績效的長期演化過程中具有重要作用。應(yīng)通過組織農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織學(xué)習(xí)、引進人才等多種方式提高農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織的知識吸收水平,并關(guān)注農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織風(fēng)險偏好水平的變化。政策扶持情境下,既要通過多種渠道的貸款或融資方式幫助高校服務(wù)農(nóng)村項目的有效實施,又要注意保障合作項目的收益穩(wěn)定,以吸引更多農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟組織參與項目,充分利用集體的智慧提高知識溢出效率。
[Abstract]:The "three rural" problems restricting the harmony and stability of the sustainable development of economy and society, is the focus of attention of the whole society. The rural construction and development related to the rural talents, science and technology, deepen the reform of social services and so on, among which the talent is the carrier of knowledge, science and technology is the current knowledge of the comprehensive and creation. Social services related to the flow of knowledge and absorption, so "knowledge" is the core elements of the rural construction and development of the University. As a producer and innovator of knowledge, service to the rural construction and development is the glorious mission entrusted by the times, but also the new requirements of the construction of new socialist countryside puts forward to the college. However, due to intellectual property, absorption ability that willingness to accept, multi institutional environment constraints, universities in rural areas of knowledge spillovers have both a knowledge supply and rural areas in knowledge, knowledge demand The problem, overflow process and way on the other side there is an overflow disorder which causes the poor. To solve these problems effectively related to rural construction and development. In view of this, this article in view of the University of the rural knowledge spillovers and the uniqueness and complexity of the integrated use of literature analysis, structured interviews, structural equation model, Agent model the calculation method based on the experiment, exploring the mechanism of rural university knowledge spillovers from static and dynamic aspects, to reveal the effects of the college on the performance of rural knowledge spillover factors and mechanism and dynamic evolution, put forward to promote the knowledge spillover on rural policy recommendations. Specific studies are as follows: (1) based on the theory of knowledge spillover, human capital theory and three spiral theory constructed three spiral model of knowledge spillover in rural areas, using detailed data from the chart that the subject from the view of agricultural The uniqueness and complexity of the village of knowledge spillovers, the formation process of knowledge spillover is analyzed, and combining with the functions described in the transmission mechanism of rural knowledge spillovers. (2) in the rural areas through the tissue sample area (such as farmer cooperatives, family farms, specialized households, township enterprises, the local government etc.) in depth interviews, analysis and encoding of more than 150 copies of the interview recording material, the focus encoding knowledge source, receiving party, spillover channel Association situation and overflow performance of the five category, the axis of encoding has all types of sub category. On the basis of constructing the conceptual model of knowledge spillover in rural areas the colleges and universities. And aiming at the influencing factors of spillover performance in the conceptual model, combined with literature analysis and put forward relevant assumptions. (3) in the literature on the basis of the analysis, combined with the rural knowledge spillover path concept model The source of knowledge, the receiving party, related situation and spillover performance variables of measurement items were designed; through the pre investigation and analysis of reliability and validity of the initial questionnaire was perfect; using formal survey data to examine the impact of related factors on the overflow performance. (4) starting from high school and micro rural economic organizations from the perspective of interaction, using computational and experimental method to simulate the dynamic process of the rural knowledge spillover, evolution analysis of the behavior of rural economic organizations in different situations. (5) the comprehensive theoretical analysis, empirical research and calculation of experimental results, from the source of knowledge, knowledge of the recipient, environmental and other aspects put forward spillover enhance the concrete strategies of University on the performance of rural knowledge spillovers. Through the above work, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the rural knowledge spillovers originates from the functions of colleges and universities and universities as knowledge externalities. As a new technology, new knowledge creators, with rich knowledge, in Colleges and universities on the dominant position in the process of rural knowledge spillovers, but its performance is not only affected by the knowledge sources of knowledge spillover factors (such as knowledge attributes, university innovation ability, and the system environment will overflow) influence, but also by the rural economic organizations. The effect of absorptive capacity of rural administrative organization and associated factors. (2) the five key factors of the process of Rural Knowledge Spillover: first, the source of knowledge innovation, knowledge spillover intention and attribute itself influence effect of knowledge spillover; second, the recipient's willingness to accept, absorbing ability, experience of cooperation, cooperation is expected to be a key variable; third, research cooperation, personnel training, management consulting, technical training is the main way of rural overflow in universities; fourth, related situations including trust, distance, contract completeness, politics Policy environment; fifth, two aspects of intangible performance spillover performance includes visible performance and immediate influence. (3) the factors affecting knowledge spillover performance, knowledge source of "innovation" and "spillover will have a significant positive effect on" tangible performance "and" performance potential "in the context of relevance;" task oriented trust "and" environmental policy "to" tangible performance "and" performance potential "has a significant positive effect, while the" knowledge gap "and" cultural distance "to" tangible performance "and" performance potential "have significant negative impact; the receiving party's" absorption capacity "," cooperation expectations "." work experience "," willingness to accept "have a positive influence on the overflow performance. (4) the rural economic organization knowledge absorption ability and risk preference plays an important role in the long-term evolution process of knowledge spillover in performance . through the organization of rural economic organization learning, the introduction of talent, a variety of ways to improve rural economic organization knowledge absorption level, and the level of attention to changes in risk preference of rural economic organization. The policy support situation, not only to help the effective implementation of high school serving rural projects through a variety of channels of the loan or financing, pay attention to the protection of stable income cooperation projects, in order to attract more rural economic organizations involved in the project, make full use of collective wisdom to improve knowledge spillover efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G647;F320
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本文編號：1671882