本文選題：教師　切入點：專業(yè)倫理　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：教育本身即是一種道德實踐,因為教育是致力于讓學(xué)生獲得改善的事業(yè)；而教學(xué)在本質(zhì)上是一種道德活動和道德的努力,作為道德能動者的教師,其所做的與學(xué)生相關(guān)的每一件事情幾乎都具有道德的分量。正因為如此,教師在專業(yè)實踐中不可避免地會面對諸多倫理問題、沖突或困境,需要做出倫理決策。那么,在我國社會文化背景下,教師實際上是如何做出專業(yè)倫理決策的；我們又該如何理解和解釋教師所做的專業(yè)倫理決策呢。本研究試圖考察和探討教師在具體實踐情境中的專業(yè)倫理決策。倫理困境與倫理決策是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的兩個方面,對教師專業(yè)倫理決策的研究離不開對教師在專業(yè)實踐中所經(jīng)歷的倫理困境的探討；而對教師專業(yè)倫理決策的分析,除了關(guān)注教師理性的倫理思考和判斷,還要考慮到各種影響因素。圍繞這些方面,本研究采用質(zhì)性研究的個案研究方法,主要通過對S市兩所學(xué)校11位教師的深度訪談,描述和揭示了教師在專業(yè)實踐中面對真實的倫理困境時的倫理決策過程。本研究基于亞里士多德的美德倫理、康德的義務(wù)論和邊沁與密爾的功利主義,從目的的倫理、原則的倫理和可能性的倫理三種倫理視角來理解和解釋教師的專業(yè)倫理決策。從目的的倫理視角來看,教師基于個人的道德品質(zhì)和專業(yè)美德做出倫理決策；從原則的倫理視角來看,教師基于師德規(guī)范、一般的倫理原則和習(xí)俗準(zhǔn)則做出倫理決策；從可能性的倫理視角來看,教師基于對行為可能會對誰產(chǎn)生影響、產(chǎn)生的是長遠(yuǎn)結(jié)果還是當(dāng)前結(jié)果、帶來的是個體的利益還是集體的利益的考量做出倫理決策。對于教師專業(yè)倫理決策的影響因素的考察,本研究從個人內(nèi)在因素、學(xué)校的制度和文化因素、社會的傳統(tǒng)和價值因素三個層面予以探討。本研究的主要研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如下：第一,教師在專業(yè)實踐中主要面臨著公平問題、學(xué)生行為管理問題、課改與考試的沖突、學(xué)校行政管理帶來的沖突、投入與回報的沖突、教師信念與家長觀念的沖突、同事相處的沖突、不同原則間的沖突等八類倫理困境。第二,教師傾向于依據(jù)單一的倫理視角做出倫理決策。雖然教師會從不同的倫理視角審思他們所遭遇的倫理困境,但針對某一具體的倫理困境,教師通常是以某種倫理視角為主——或基于美德、或基于規(guī)則、或基于結(jié)果而做出倫理決策。相應(yīng)地表現(xiàn)出教師專業(yè)倫理決策的三種基本途徑,即美德的途徑、規(guī)則的途徑和結(jié)果的途徑。第三,教師專業(yè)倫理決策是一個理性的倫理思考與各種影響因素間互動的過程。面對真實情境中的倫理困境,教師實際的倫理決策是在理性的倫理思考與各種影響因素的共同作用下形成的。理性的倫理思考決定了可能的倫理行動選擇,而各種因素影響了最終采取何種具體的倫理行動。本研究最后提出教師的專業(yè)倫理決策需要一種整合的路徑,并嘗試構(gòu)建一個教師專業(yè)倫理決策的整合模式,以期能幫助教師做出更好的專業(yè)倫理決策。并就如何提高教師的倫理問題意識和專業(yè)倫理決策能力提出了若干建議。
[Abstract]:Education itself is a kind of moral practice, because education is committed to the students to improve the career; while teaching is a kind of moral and moral efforts in essence, as a moral agent of teachers, the students and the related nearly every thing has moral component. Because of this, teachers in professional practice will inevitably face many ethical problems, conflicts and difficulties, need to make ethical decisions. So, in the Chinese society and culture, teachers' professional ethics is actually how to make decisions; professional ethical decision we should understand and explain how the teachers do this research. To investigate teachers in practice in the context of professional ethical decision-making. The ethical dilemmas and ethical decision-making are two interrelated aspects, research on Teachers' professional ethics decision cannot do without the teacher in College On the ethical dilemmas experienced industry in practice; and on Teachers' professional ethics decision analysis, in addition to paying attention to teachers' ethics of rational thinking and judgment, but also consider the various factors. Based on this, this study adopts case study method, mainly through in-depth interviews of 11 teachers in S city schools the teacher, to describe and reveal the ethical decision-making process facing the real ethical dilemmas in professional practice. When the research is based on Aristotle's virtue ethics, Kant's deontology and utilitarianism of Bentham and mill, from the purpose of ethics, professional ethics and ethical decision-making principle of likelihood three kinds of ethical perspective to understand and explain teachers. From the ethical perspective to view, teachers' personal quality and professional moral virtue based on ethical decisions; from the angle of ethics principle, teacher On the norms of morality, ethical principles and customs general standard of ethical decisions; from the angle of ethics of teachers on the possibility, behavior may affect who based on the long-term results or current results, is to bring the interests of the individual or collective interests ethical decisions. For the influence of teachers' professional ethics decision the factors investigated, this study from the internal factors of individual, institutional and cultural factors and three aspects of the traditional value and social factors to be discussed. The major findings of the study are as follows: first, teachers in professional practice is facing a fair question, student behavior management, conflict and examination of the curriculum reform the conflict caused the school administration, the conflict with the return on investment, conflict between teachers' beliefs and concepts of parents, colleagues of the conflict, the conflict between the different principles of eight kinds of Aaron Predicaments. Second, teachers tend to on the basis of ethical perspective of single ethical decisions. Although teachers will be different from the angle of Ethics Thinking on the ethical dilemmas they encountered, but according to the ethical dilemma of a specific, teachers are often in a ethical perspective -- based or based on virtue, or based on the rules, or based on the results ethical decisions. To show the three basic ways of teachers' professional ethics decision, namely virtue means, ways and results of the rules. Third, teachers' professional ethics decision is a process of interaction between a rational and ethical thinking of various influence factors. Facing the ethical dilemma in the real situation, ethical decision making the teacher is to form a common influence factor in ethical thinking and rational. The ethical thinking of rational decision ethics action alternatives, and various factors affecting the Finally take concrete action. The path of professional ethics ethical decisions, this study proposes an integrated teachers' needs, and try to construct a model of integration of teachers' professional ethics decision, with professional ethics to help teachers make better decisions. And puts forward some suggestions on how to improve teachers' professional consciousness and ethical issues ethical decision-making ability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G451
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本文編號：1607434